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% Document Info
\author{milaharding (milaharding)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (the-law-of-property.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (milaharding (milaharding))
  /Subject (The Law of Property Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{The Law of Property Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{milaharding (milaharding)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/31183/cs/9421/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}milaharding (milaharding) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/milaharding} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 10th October, 2016.\\
   Updated 10th October, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.08602 cm} p{0.54301 cm} x{1.2531 cm} x{1.29487 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Classification of Roman Private Law}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Corporeal \& \seqsplit{incorporeal} & \seqsplit{Public} \& \seqsplit{private} & Movables \& immovables & Res fungibiles \& res non fungibiles \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Corporeal = touchable &  & Immovables = land \& everything attached & Res fungibles = replaceable thus generic \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Only corporeal =  {\bf{possessable}} &  &  & Opp = specific item \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Real vs. Personal Rights}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Real & Personal \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Relationships between legal subjects and objects & Relationships between legal subjects \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A right {\emph{over a thing}} which is enforceable against the {\bf{whole world}} & A right against a {\emph{person}} which is enforceable against a {\bf{particular person}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Object of the right: thing/property & Object of the right: a performance by a specific person \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Real rights are transferred through an overt and public act & Personal rights are transferred through an agreement \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
E.g. Ownership & E.g. Obligations \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69349 cm} x{1.64772 cm} x{1.23579 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Roman Law on Ownership (dominium)}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Essentials & Limitations in the interest of... & \seqsplit{Protection} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Commercium & Neighbours & Real action = rei \seqsplit{vindicatio} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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Property capable of private ownership & Land &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
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Appropriate method of acquisition & Co-ownership &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Imposed by themselves or predecessors &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Concept changed from early Roman law until the period of Justinian.  Roman law eventually recognized ownership (dominum) as the strongest right over the thing and weighed the claims of third parties to the thing against that right.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.88666 cm} x{2.09034 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Acquisition of Ownership}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Original & Derivative \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
W/o intervention or dependence & Transferred \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1. Occupatio & 1. Tradicio (delivery) \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2. Accessio} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3. Specificatio} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Specificatio}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Who became the owner of the new object}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\emph{Sabinian-Proculian debate:}} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Sabinians: owner of material \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Proculians: maker/creator \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
{\emph{Middle view:}} \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
Justinian: Reducible new thing = owner of material. Otherwise ownership = maker/creator \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
Remedies: if the maker acquired ownership in good faith and was in possession (if not, then entitled to the rei vindicatio), \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
the owner of the materials had no remedy.  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
However, if the maker acted in bad faith, he could be sued for theft but was \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
entitled to the new thing.% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The process of creating or bringing into existence a new object (nova species). \newline Only applied in circumstances where a new thing is creates. Alterations not sufficient.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Accessio}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Immovables & Movables \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Basic rule:}} Anything that was attached to the land became part of it, since land was regarded as the principle thing & {\bf{Identity test:}} the thing that gave its identity or name to the new or composite things, counted as the principle thing \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Applied to buildings & Other seldom used alternative tests: financial considerations or the relative size of the joining things \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Harvesting of plants = no effect & {\bf{Remedies:}} the owner of the accessory thing claim the value of his property or the owner of the principle thing not in possession could claim it back with rei vindicatio but had to pay the value of the accessory \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 11)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Once plants take root - belongs to owner of land & However, the mala fide owner lost his proprietary rights. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Def: Joining together (through human conduct or natural forces) oftwo things that belonged to different owners}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.46464 cm} x{1.55618 cm} x{1.55618 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Occupatio}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Wild animals & Abandoned things & Enemy Property \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Take effective or lasting control & Owner must have intended to be rid of the property & Immovables became the property of the state \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Escaped animals = res nullius again... & \seqsplit{Sabinian-Proculian} debate & Movables became property of the person who captured them or the commanding officer \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Unless they had animus revertendi (habit of returning to the owner)} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Explanation: taking possession of things res nulius}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Traditio}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Delivery & Intention \& iusta causa \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Traditio longa manu - long-handed delivery & Lawful cause \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Traditio brevi manu - short-handed delivery (transferee already had control) & {\bf{What if the parties were mistaken as to the iusta causa?}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Constitutum possessorium - (opposite of traditio brevi manu) transferor agreed to pass ownership of the thing to the transferee, but the former retained temporary control & Putative mistakes: transferor may have intended a sale, whereas the transferee though he was receiving a gift \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Traditio symbolica - symbolic transfer & Material mistakes \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The two basic essentials: delivery and the appropriate intent \newline Nemo plus iurisrule: no one could transfer more rights to another than he himself had}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}