\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Michellephillips02} \pdfinfo{ /Title (t2dm.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Michellephillips02) /Subject (T2DM Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A31212} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F0F0} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{T2DM Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Michellephillips02} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/214485/cs/46698/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Michellephillips02 \\ \uline{cheatography.com/michellephillips02} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 10th July, 2025.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Prediabetes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Impaired pasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. High risk of developing T2DM. Aggressive lifestyle change.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Insulin resistance}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{↑ insulin production to try and keep up (chronic hyperinsulinemia) = body becomes less sensitive to it = exhaust the beta cells "burn out" = decline in function = ↓ insulin (alongside resistance)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Progression}}: beta cells fail to compensate, leading to insulin deficiency alongside resistance} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Treatment}} = Lifestyle. ↓ weight, ↑ exercise. {\emph{Education on progression}}.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Metabolic syndrome}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Central adiposity (measured by waist circumference) PLUS AT LEAST ONE OF:} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{↑ triglycerides (\textgreater{}1.7mmol/L)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{↓ HDL (males \textless{}1.03, females \textless{}1.29)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{↑ BP (S \textgreater{}130, D \textgreater{}85)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fasting BGL \textgreater{}5.6mmol/L} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Diagnosed T2DM} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{T2DM}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Defective insulin receptors → Cells cannot efficiently take up glucose = ↑ blood glucose levels. Compensatory hepatic response → The liver ↑s gluconeogenesis}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Insulin resistance AND relative insulin deficiency} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Risk factors}}: age, family hx, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, HT, dyslipidaemia, impaired glucose tolerance, ethnicity, insulin resistance} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.53827 cm} x{2.43873 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Consider}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} prev education/age on diagnosis & how they take their medication \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{insulin?} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diagnosis}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{FBG: \textgreater{}7 mmol/L (confirmed with repeat)} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{FBG: \textgreater{}7 mmol/L AND 2h glucose \textgreater{}11.1 mmol/L} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hb1c \textgreater{}6.5\% (confirmed with repeat)} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.88666 cm} x{2.09034 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{S/S}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Hypo}} & {\bf{Hyper}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Trembling & 3 Ps \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Trouble concentration & blurred vision \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Sweating & weight loss \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ↑ HR & fatigue \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Dizzy & low energy \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Weakness & delayed healing \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & irritability \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.68758 cm} x{2.28942 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Consequences}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} retinopathy (vision loss or blindness) & nephropathy (leading cause of CKD) \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} neuropathy – numbness/feet - amputations & stroke \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{delayed wound healing - infections} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biochem}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{BGL}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Glucose, random & 3.0-7.7 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Glucose, fasting & 3-6 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Impaired, fasting glucose & 6.1-6.9 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Diabetic, fasting glucose & \textgreater{} 7 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Insulin & 5-25 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{OGTT}}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} OGTT (normal) & 3-7.7 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} OGTT (impaired) & 7.8-11 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} OGTT (probable diabetic) & \textgreater{}11.1 mmol/L \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{HbA1c}} & {\emph{long-term indicator of blood glucose control}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 2) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} Normal range & 3.5-6\% \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Prediabetes & 6-6.4\% \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} Diabetes & \textgreater{}6.5\% \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Good control & \textless{}7\% \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 1) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} Poor Control & \textgreater{}8.1\% \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MNT Objectives}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fasting blood glucose 6–8 mmol/L} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{HbA1c \textless{}7\%} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Moderate weight loss if overweight (5–10\% of body weight)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{CHO consistency across meals} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Contact: 3-6 encounters in first 6 months. Min 1 annual review.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nut Reqs}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Na \textless{}2 300 mg/day} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fibre intake ≥38g/day} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strategies}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Weight Management & ↑ exercise, portion control, ↑ lean P/Fibre, meal plans, swaps \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Carb counting & 1 carb choice/exchange = 15g CHO. 2-4 exchanges per meal (30-60g CHO). 1–2 carb exchanges per snack. Label reading, sugar-free substitutes \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} CHO consistency & ↑ complex carbs, even spacing throughout the day \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} GI & Lower GI foods and "dressing up" CHO \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Group counselling} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Carb Counting}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{1 exchange (15g CHO)}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 sl bread} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/2 bread roll} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/2 english muffin} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2-4 multigrain crackers (eg vitaweat)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 crumpet} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/3 cup raw oats} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/2 cup muesli} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 1/2 weetbix} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{$\frac{1}{2}$ cup cooked pasta} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{$\frac{1}{4}$ cup cooked rice} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/3 cup cooked noodles} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 small potato} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1 medium cob corn} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Example PESS}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Inappropriate intake of types of carbohydrates (intake), related to food/nutrition knowledge deficit, as evidenced by CHO intake/CHO distribution ratio/FBG}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Medications}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{{\emph{Metformin}}}} & ↑ insulin sensitivity. ↓ liver glucose. S/E: metallic taste, N/D. Tablet taken w/ food. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{{\emph{Alogliptin, Linagliptin, Saxagliptin, Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin}}}} & ↑ insulin production. ↓ liver glucose. S/E: GI upset. Tablet. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{GLP-1 ({\emph{e.g. Ozempic/Semaglutide}}}}) & ↑ insulin production. ↓ stomach emptying. N/V/D, weight loss, appetite suppression. Injection twice a day, or once a week \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 7) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{SGLT2 inhibitor. {\emph{Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, Ertugliflozin}}}} & ↑ glucose loss in urine. Tablet taken w/ water. S/E: dehydration (↑ urination), ↓ BP, weight loss, ketoacidosis. Avoid if eating a very low CHO diet. \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 8) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Sulfonylurea {\emph{Glibenclamide, Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glimepiride}}}} & ↑ insulin production. S/E: N/D, hypoglycaemia, weight gain. \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{INSULIN Injections}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Background}}: control fasting blood glucose levels. 1-2/day regardless of mealtimes.} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Long-acting}} (onset 2.4h, duration \textasciitilde{}24): {\emph{TOUJEO}}, {\emph{OPTISULIN}}. {\bf{Intermediate-acting}} (onset 0.5-1h, duration 10-16h): {\emph{PROTAPHANE, HUMULIN NPH}}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bolus}}: Quickly reduce high blood glucose levels} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Rapid acting}} (onset 5 mins, duration 4.5 hours). {\emph{NOVORAPID, HUMALOG, APIDRA, FIASP.}} Taken immediately after a meal. {\bf{Short acting}}. (onset 30 mins, duration 6 hours). {\emph{ACTRAPID, HUMULIN R.}} Taken 15-30 mins before meal.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 7) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Premix}}: Mix of background \& bolus. Best taken at regular times of the day with a meal} \tn \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}{\bf{Analogue}} (onset 5-15min, duration 10-16h). {\emph{NOVOMIX30, HUMALOG MIX 25, HUMALOG MIX 50, RYZODEG 70}} {\bf{Human}} (onset 30min, duration 10-16h). {\emph{MIXTARD 30, MIXTARD 50.}}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{{\emph{Important to have carbs at every meal and avoid skipping meals.}}}}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Guidelines \& References}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Muscogiuri et al. Nutritional guidelines for the management of insulin resistance. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 2022} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A Position Statement on Screening and Management of Prediabetes in Adults 2020} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lifestyle management. (2017). Diabetes Care} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Management of type 2 diabete mellitus: A handbook for general practice. RACGP, 2021} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Papamichou et al. Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomised clinic trials. (2019)} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care (2013)} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Handbook p131} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}