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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Michellephillips02}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (constipation.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Michellephillips02)
  /Subject (Constipation Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Constipation Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Michellephillips02} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/214485/cs/46710/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Michellephillips02 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/michellephillips02} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 11th July, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Guidelines \& References}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Handbook p200} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{List of laxatives handbook p205} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is it?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Constipation is when it becomes hard to pass bowel motions, or you're going less often than usual (e.g., {\bf{fewer than 3 times per week}})}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bristol - Type 1-2} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Primary}} & {\bf{Secondary}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Normal Transit constipation (NTC) (most common): overlaps with IBS & Cognitive impairement \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Slow transit constipation (ST-C): increased transit time, reduced colonic notility & Depression, anxiety, EDs \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Dyssynergia defecation: poor coordination of pelvic floor and anal spinchter & Immobility \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Medications - uraemia, hypothyroidism, hypercalcemia, celiac disease \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Surgical complications \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Structural: tumours, stricture, surgical stenosis (a narrowing that restricts flow) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Causes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Low fibre & Inadequate fluid \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Lack of movement & Stress \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Medication} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Objectives}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{↑ stool frequency and soften stool consistency} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Achieve fibre intake of ≥25–30g/day} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Achieve/maintain fluid intake at 1.5–2L/day} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Promote regular bowel habits and physical activity} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diagnosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ROME IV Diagnosis Criteria}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{1:}} Two or more of the following: straining during more than 20\% of defaecations. Lumpy/hard stools (T1-2). Sensations of incomplete evacuation more than 25\%. Sensation of blockage more than 25\%. Fewer than 3 bowel movements/week.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{2:}} Loose stools are rarely present without the use of laxitives} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{3:}} Insufficient criteria for IBS} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Assessment}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Fibre intake & Fluid intake \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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Medications & Laxatives/stool softeners \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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Fam hx bowel cancer & Daily \seqsplit{stress/depression/anxiety} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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PA & Travel/changes in routine \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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Ignoring the urge to go & Bowel routine \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Appetite \& general intake & Overflow diarrhoea? \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{N/V} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strategies}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Eat more fibre-rich foods: wholegrain breads/cereals, fruits with skin, legumes, vegetables} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Start your day with high-fibre breakfast cereals (e.g., bran, oats)} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Drink plenty of water – especially if increasing fibre} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prunes, kiwi fruit, psyllium husk or flaxseed may help with regularity} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Establish a toilet routine, e.g., 15–30 minutes after breakfast} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Discuss appropriate use of fibre supplements or stool softeners} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Squatty Potty (better position)} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Before going to toilet - go for a short walk, cup of warm fluids (eg. tea/coffee)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Colonoscopy for 40+ years} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.77809 cm} x{1.87657 cm} x{1.92234 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Physical Findings Dehydration}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Findings}} & {\bf{Moderate}} & {\bf{Severe}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Behaviour} & Normal to listless (low energy, motivation, or enthusiasm & Normal to comatose \seqsplit{(coma/unconscious)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
BP & Orthostatic (drop in BP due to this positional change) & Decreased \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Core body temp & rises 0.15 to 0.2 degrees for every 1\% of BW lost due to sweating & 〃 \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Eyes & Sunken & 〃 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Mucous} \seqsplit{membranes} & Dry & 〃 \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pulse & Thready ({\emph{weak, faint, rapid or barely perceptible}}) & Faint, impalpable ({\emph{cannot be felt}}) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Resp Rate & Increased & Fast, hyperpnoea ({\emph{increased depth of breathing}}) \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Urine \seqsplit{output} & Oliguria ({\emph{low, \textless{}500 mL/day in adults}}) & 〃, anuria ({\emph{very little/no urine output, typically \textless{}100mL/day}}) \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.84149 cm} x{3.13551 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Example PESS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Inadequate fluid intake & insufficient access to fluid at work \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Inadequate fibre intake & food and nutrition-related knowledge deficit \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}