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\author{Michellephillips02}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ckd-and-dialysis.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Michellephillips02)
  /Subject (CKD \& Dialysis Cheat Sheet)
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{CKD \& Dialysis Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Michellephillips02} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/214485/cs/46733/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Michellephillips02 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/michellephillips02} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 11th July, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Kidney Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Removes waste - urea, creatinine and excess fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Electrolyte balance - regulates Na, K, Ca, PO4} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Acid-base balance: Excretes H+, reabsorbs HCO3-} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{RAAS systems - BP regulation} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Erythropoietin production - stimulates RBC production} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Vit D activation - converts to calcitriol} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CKD Stages}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Stage}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage 1: Normal-high GFR} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage 2: Mild CKD} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage 3A: Moderate CKD} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage 3B: Moderate CKD} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage 4: Severe CKD} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage 5: End-stage} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage 5D: End-stage on dialysis} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Assessment}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{DRY Wt Hx – consider fluid status. Diuretics? Oedema? Ascites? Fluid restriction?} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Higher weight = lower mortality = don't want to encourage weight loss while they are on dialysis. Optimal Nutrition Status = BMI 23 – 26 kg/m2} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NIS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Protein-energy malnutrition} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Inadequate fibre intake} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Knowledge deficit – high K, PO4, Na foods} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Excessive K+, PO4, Na intake {\emph{only a key concern if it reflects in biochem}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hypokalaemia} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Poorly controlled uraemic S/S –dry mouth, avoiding protein foods, N/V/D, ↓ appetite, Metallic taste, ↓ weight, fluid retention, anaemia} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Polypharmacy – lots of S/E/S/S} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Losses in dialysis: Water soluble vitamins, protein} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.92234 cm} p{0.73232 cm} x{1.92234 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biochem}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Marker & \seqsplit{Expected} in CKD &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Urea (RR = 2.5-7.5 mmol/L) & ↑ & Urea Reduction Ratio (URR) used to assess dialysis adequacy. ≥70\% reduction in blood urea levels per session. \textless{}70\% may indicate inadequate clearance of waste products - potential malnutrition \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 13)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Creatinine (RR = 35-50g/L) & ↓ & Reflects muscle mass/turnover. ↓ Cr = ↓ muscle mass = ↑ mortality. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Albumin (RR = 35-50g/L) & ↓ & Indictor of mortality. Affected by urinary losses, liver function, inflammation etc. Urinary losses or fluid overload \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 8)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Na \seqsplit{(RR=135-145mmol/L)} & \seqsplit{↓/↑} & {\bf{↓ Hyponatremia}} (\textless{}135mmol/L): fluid overload. Advanced CKD. {\bf{↑Hypernatremia}} (\textgreater{}145 mmol/L): Dehydration, poor fluid intake, excesive Na intake. \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.92234 cm} p{0.73232 cm} x{1.92234 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biochem (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
K (RR=3.5-5.2 mmol/L) & ↑ & Measure of renal function and progression of CKD. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
Phosphate (RR=0.75 – 1.50 mmol/L) & ↑ & accumulates in blood as CKD progresses. Kidneys unable to process \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Calcium (RR = 2.1-2.6 mmol/L (total serum) & ↑ & ↑ in later stage -  excessive intale, Vit D therapy, reduced renal excretion \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
Lipids & ↓ HDL & Dyslipidaemia is common. Targets are similar to people with CVD or T2DM \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{eGFR}} &  & {\emph{Amount of blood filtered by the kidney per minute}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & Stage 1: \textgreater{} 90 mL/min \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Stage 2: 60-89 mL/min \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & Stage 3A: 45-59 mL/min \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Stage 3B: 30-44 mL/min \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.92234 cm} p{0.73232 cm} x{1.92234 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biochem (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Stage 4: 15-29 mL/min \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & Stage 5: \textless{}15 mL/min \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fluid quick reference}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/2 cup custard = 100mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/2 cup canned fruit = 80mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plastic feeder glass of fluid = 200mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Coffee cup of fluid = 150mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fruit juice Tetra Pak of fluid = 250mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Juice glass = 120mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3/4 cup thick soup = 150mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2 scoops ice-cream = 70mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{200g carton yoghurt = 180mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1/2 cup jelly = 100mL fluid} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dialysis Terminology}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Peritoneal dialysis (PD):}} A form of dialysis in which the lining of the abdomen, the peritoneal membrane, acts as a natural filter} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Conventional HD:}} In clinic. 3x 4 hour sessions a week} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Home HD:}} Tend to be done overnight. Less fluid restrictions due to longer dialysis. More flexible \& less impact on life. Have to have support \& health literacy.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Dialysate ("bath"):}} The solution (water and electrolytes) that passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and waste products from the blood.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Interdialytic weight gain (IDWG)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{\textasciitilde{}2kg}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Less = poor oral intake, losses (stomas, diarrhoea etc), loss of LBM} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{More (usually due to fluid/Na intake). Glycaemic control – hypoglycaemia = thirst.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Weight will stay in the body, due to not producing urine to expel it. Relying on dialysis to remove excess fluid.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Pumping around so excess fluid = ↑ CVD \& puts more pressure on your heart – causing hypertension, oedema, shortness of breath, large IDWG}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Intervention}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Early stage:}} prevent co-morbidities} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Late stage:}} preventing \& treating malnutrition. Conserve lean body mass} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Maintain weight/weight reduction – {\bf{to be eligible for a transplant}} – correct malnutrition first, and then focus on weight control – communicate with team} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ONS Nepro HP - stage 4 or more severe, energy dense, low electrolyte, mod protein} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{ONS Nepro LP - energy dense, low electrolyte, low protein} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lower K+ ONS:}} resourcse fruit, fortijuice, nutren, forticreme} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Declining cognition}} = Invite family to attend. Write down. Give out resources. Repeating information. Keeping sessions short} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reduce dairy \& meat portions, avoid protein fortified products} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Na:}} No added salt diet. Educate on flavour alternatives} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Fluid:}} Educate: what is a fluid? Jug method to measure fluid intake. For dry mouth: sucking on mints, chewing gum, brush teeth} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Constipation:}} fibre supplements. Medications. (lack of fibre from K restriction)} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{PO4:}} Restrict in late stages. Promote whole, plant foods – less bioavailable PO4} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Serum K+ constantly elevated = {\bf{restrict K+}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Strategies}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Label reading - Na. Low Salt: 120mg per 100g or less, Reduced Salt: 400mg per 100g or less} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Salt-free flavour additives: fresh herbs, lemon/lime juice, pepper, garlic, ginger} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Choose low salt, reduced salt, and no added salt products when available} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Reduce}} processed meats like  ham, bacon, sausages, deli meats, rotisserie chicken. Limit red meat to 1-2 times per week} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{More}} lentils, chickpeas, kidney beans, baked beans, cannellini beans, black  beans, fish, poultry, lean meat, tofu, nuts and seeds} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Only drinking from one measured bottle/measuring jug} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Limit fluid from drinks, foods, and fluid you take with tablets} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Spread your fluid allowance over the day - don't drink it all at once} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Drink from small cups rather than large, or half fill cups} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Try to stay out of the heat \& use a wet washer to stay cool} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Freeze some of your fluid allowance. Use ice, ice blocks, or frozen fruit} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sucking mints, peppermints, a slice of lemon or chewing gum} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Keep lips moist by using lip balm. Pharmacist can help with oral lubricants.} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Na - Choose fresh foods over processed} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Guidelines \& References}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ikizler et al. KDOQI clinical practice guideline for nutrition in CKD: 2020} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ash et al. Evidende based practice guidelines for nutritional management of of chronic kidney disease} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Handbook p217} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.24425 cm} x{3.73275 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nut Reqs (KDOQUI)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{EER}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Stage 3: 105-147kj/kg \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Stage 4:105-147kj/kg. 125-146/kg \textgreater{}60 years \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Stage 5: 105-147kj/kg \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Protein:}} & {\emph{Low = \textasciitilde{}0.6-0.8g. }}just meet, or slightly under* \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Stage 3: 0.55-0.6g or 0.6-0.8g (diabetes) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Stage 4: 0.55-0.6g or 0.6-0.8g (diabetes) *higher end if malnourished \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Stage 5: 1.0-1.2g \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Na}} & \textless{} 2.3g per day (\textless{}100mmol/day (DAA \& KDOQI). Low Salt: 120mg per 100g or less \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Fluid:}} *Guided by nephrologist} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Stage 3-4: Individualized based on CKD, oedema, hypertension etc \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Stage 5: 500mL + PDUO (HDx) \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Stage 5: 800mL+ PDUO (PD) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{K}} & {\emph{Up to stage 3 not usually restricted}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Stage 4: 1 mmol/kg \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Stage 5: 1 mmol/kg \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Phosphate}} & 800-100mg/day \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Example PESS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Chronic disease or condition related malnutrition (NC-4.1.2) related uraemic S/S of CKD (nausea, ↓d appetite, fatigue), as evidenced by SGA-14B/9.5\% LOW in 12/12/1.7\% LOS 2/12/Dietary intake inconsistent with dietary reference standards.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Serum K+}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Cause:}} constipation, elevated BGL, medications, missing dislysis or not enough time, acidosis, muscle breakdown \& rapid weight loss} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Avoid "salt-free" salt} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chop vegetables into small pieces and soak/boil} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Boil rather than steam, stir-fry or microwave} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{High K foods}} = fruit, processed meat foods, fried foods, sausages, steak, deli meats, chocolate, vegemite toast, dairy, fruit juice, coffee, milkshakes} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Drink mostly water. Reduce alcoholic drinks,  coffees, milkshakes, fruit and vegetable juices} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Swap processsed snacks for higher fibre, lower K options.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lower K swaps}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{High K}} & {\bf{Lower K}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Potatos (all types) & Pasta, rice, couscous \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cow's milk & Soy, rice or almond milk \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Cereal w/ dried fruit & Plain, honey-coated or   sugar-coated breakfast   cereals, oatmeal \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Chips & Rice snacks, popcorn   and pretzel \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Cookies & Plain, fruit-f illed   or wafer cookies \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Choc cake & Plain cake f illed with   cream or jam, toaster   pastry, doughnuts, scones \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Juice & Lemonade, cranberry   cocktail, flavored water \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Nutella, peanut butter & Jam/honey \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Choc/fudge & Jelly beans, mints, marshmellows \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Tomato sauce & Mayo \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phosphate Restriction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Restrict IF serum levels are high} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Used as a food additive in processed and pre-packed foods. Naturally in meats, cheese, milk, nuts and seeds} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Additive numbers: 101, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 450, 451, 452, 541, 542, 1410, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1442} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Swap processed foods for fresh foods} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reduce large serves of milk or large serves of all type of meats} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Phosphate binder medication helps to lower your blood phosphate levels by attaching to  the phosphate and phosphorus in your food, stopping it from going into your blood}} {\bf{Check w/ MD dose is correct}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Take phosphate binders with food} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{High}} PO4 foods: coke, processed cheeses, 2-min noodles, cakes, chicken nuggets, sausage rolls, sausages, corned beef, sauce, bacon} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Moderate}} PO4 foods: Fresh fish/seafood. Have fish 1-2/week. Beef, lamb, chicken, canned tuna, eggs, soy milk, yoghurt} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Low}} PO4 foods: vegetables, lentils, brown rice, pasta, nuts, fruit, seeds, EVOO, almond/oat milk, soft cheeses, nut butter} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}