\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{mfbty} \pdfinfo{ /Title (culture-and-language.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (mfbty) /Subject (Culture \& Language Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{80A36F} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F7F9F6} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Culture \& Language Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{mfbty} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/83443/cs/19855/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}mfbty \\ \uline{cheatography.com/mfbty} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 15th June, 2019.\\ Updated 15th June, 2019.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{2} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{concept of time}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{monochronic}}- time is given and people are variables, people do one thing at a time and finish it before starting something else.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{polychronic}}-time is the servant and tool of people, people do several things simultaneously, required by the circumstances.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{individual, direct, low-context, non-agrarian societies are usually {\emph{monochromatic}}. The other, {\emph{polychromatic}}.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{uncertainty avoidance}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{high uncertainty avoidance}}- people with this have anxiety about the unknown so they try to control life. they have many laws, regulations, rules, and procedures and emphasize it {\emph{must}} be obeyed.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{low uncertainty avoidance}}- people with this have low anxiety and are less threatened by the unknown and uncertain. there is less government involvement and they tolerate differences fairly well.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{high \& low power distance}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{high power distance}}- these cultures believe that inequalities in power and status are natural. those with power emphasize it and do not share it.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{low power distance}}- these cultures think that inequalities in power and status is largely fake. those with power deemphasize it and share power as much a possible.} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{culture shock and integration stages}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{1. initial enthusiasm (honeymoon)}}- happens during the first week or two in a country and the attitude towards the country is generally positive.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{2. initial country \& culture shock}}- within the first few weeks, more realistic and mixed reactions.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{3. initial adjustment}}- happens after several weeks, some aspects of the country \& culture now seem normal.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{4. further culture shock}}- in the first few months, you experience withdraw and more obstacles to overcome.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{5. further adjustment}}- happens after settling-in, you adapt and understand the culture better.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{sources of culture}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{religion}}- whatever religion a country had, they will carry the same ideology when establishing their culture and values in their government documents, laws, and norms.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{geography}}- the earliest imprints of a country is affected by their location, which includes dangers, risks, safety, isolation as well as (un)limited resources and opportunity.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{attitude}}- countries that start after any form of repression will establish their law and values with the mind of not repeating their previously experienced history.} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{individual personality}}- citizens of a country will share common characteristics (hard working, distant, kind, etc) based on the historical events of that country.} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{the four levels of cultural awareness}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{I. unconscious incompetence}}- the first state when you are unaware of cultural differences.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{II. conscious incompetence}}- when you realize there are differences and things you don't understand.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{III. conscious competence}}- you know some cultural differences and adjust your behavior to replace your old instincts with new ones.} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{IV. unconscious competence}}- the last state when appropriate behavior is now automatic and you are reconditioned by the new culture.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{this is the cycle of adjustment when your awareness of a new country \& culture naturally increases.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{personal and social obligations}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{universalism}}- there are no exception for anyone and everyone and every situation must be treated the same without bias.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{particularism}}- it all depends on the circumstances and how is involved, life is not fair and exceptions are always made.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{no culture is completely universal or particular, but the culture as a whole tends toward one side.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ethnocentrism}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{stage 1: denial}}- this is when someone doesn't believe in cultural differences and impose their values onto others.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{stage 2: defense}}- the person believes in cultural differences now but view other cultures negatively and inferior to their own.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{stage 3: minimization}}- now they don't think that those who are different are inferior, but rather that the differences are not significant. they trivialize differences and believe people are more similar than dissimilar.} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ethnorelativism}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{stage 4: acceptance}}- the person accepts differences as being deep and legitimate, they are more tolerant to other's differences and are neutral about differences.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{stage 5: adaptation and integration}}- the person becomes positive about differences and are willing to adjust their own behaviors to conform to different norms, these people are known as bicultural or multicultural.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{degree of control}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{internal control}}- the person controls their own life and there are no limits on what they can do if they focus and make effort.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{external control}}- the person does not have control over their life, some aspects are already decided and there are limits on what they can do.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{source of status}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{achieved status}}- is a {\emph{doing}} culture, status does not come from birth, age, rank, or seniority.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{ascribed status}}- is a {\emph{being}} culture, statues is already established and where on is born, family, and social class matter.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Related to power distance as well as individualism and collectivism.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.42 cm} x{3.344 cm} p{0.836 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{gestures and body language}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} percent of communication through words & \hspace*{0.02 cm}\rule{0.18cm}{6px} & 7 \tn % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} percent of communication in voice (tone, volume, etc.) & \hspace*{0.02 cm}\rule{0.86cm}{6px} & 38 \tn % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} percent of communication in body language (non-verbal) & \hspace*{0.02 cm}\rule{1.24cm}{6px} & 55 \tn % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} percent of emotion that in non-verbal & \hspace*{0.02 cm}\rule{2.02cm}{6px} & 90 \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{styles of communication}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{direct and low context}}- these cultures tend to be individualistic and monochromatic, the society is very mixed so nothing can be assumed.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{indirect and high context}}- these cultures tend to be collective and homogenous, indirect and nonverbal communication is much more important.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}