\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{melyzarevalo}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (microbiology-study-guide.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (melyzarevalo)
  /Subject (Microbiology Study Guide Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Microbiology Study Guide Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{melyzarevalo} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/135292/cs/28321/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}melyzarevalo \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/melyzarevalo} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 14th June, 2021.\\
   Updated 14th June, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is microbiology?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{study of life too small to be seen by unaided eye (microbial world)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{How did people figure out that there were microbes?} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Development of the microscope.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Domain} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The highest level in biological classification. There are 3 domains: {\bf{Bacteria, Archaea, \& Eukarya.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Eukaryote} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Organism composed of 1 or more eukaryotic cells; members of the domain {\bf{Eukarya \& eukaryotes.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Eukaryotic Cell} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cell type characterized by a membrane-bound nucleus} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Prion} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An acellular infectious agent consisting only of protein.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define prokaryote} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{single-celled organism consisting of a prokaryotic cell; members of the domains Bacteria \& Archaea are prokaryotes.} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define prokaryotic cell} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cell type characterized by the lack of membrane-bound nucleus.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Viroid} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An acellular infectious agent consisting only of RNA} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Virus} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An acellular infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Spontaneous Generation} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Life arose from non-living matter} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In 1749, {\bf{John Needham}} produced results that \_\_\_\_ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled \& then sealed with a cork \_\_\_\_.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{support; could still give rise to microorganisms.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Lazzaro Spallanzani's}} experiment of 1776 showed that flasks of broths that had been boiled for long periods of time \& sealed tight \_\_\_\_.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{remained free of microorganisms.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Francesco Redi}} first disproved the theory of spontaneous generation by showing that \_\_\_.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{worms only appear on decaying meat has been exposed to flies.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Tyndall \& Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{endospore} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Golden Age of Microbiology is the period in which...} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{many disease-causing microorganisms were discovered.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the \_\_\_ Theory.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Germ} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The property of endospores that led to confusion in the experiments on spontaneous generation is their \_\_\_.} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{heat resistance} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If all prokaryotes were eliminated from the planet,} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{all animals would die} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{All of the following are emerging infectious disease except...} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{smallpox} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{All of the following are biological domains except...} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prokaryota} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Which name is written correctly?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Staphylococcus epidermidis}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Members of which pairing are most similar in appearance to each other?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Archaea \& Bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Viruses...} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{contain both protein and nucleic acid} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Antonie van Leeuwenhoek could not have observed...} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{viruses} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The Scientific Method}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Scientific Method includes {\bf{(1)}} observing occurrence \& asking a question about that situation; {\bf{(2)}} developing a {\emph{hypothesis}} that explains the occurrence \& devising an experiment that tests the hypothesis; {\bf{(3)}} doing the experiment, collecting the data, \& drawing conclusions; \& {\bf{(4)}} communicating the results, methods, \& conclusions.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is a scientific theory?} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An explanation supported by a vast body of experimental evidence.} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Biogenesis} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The production of living things, as opposed to spontaneous generation.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Early Experiments} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The experiments of {\bf{John Needham}} supported the idea of spontaneous generation, while those of {\bf{Lazzaro Spallanzani}} did not.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 58
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Experiments of Pasteur}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 59
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation \& supported what is now known as the theory of {\bf{biogenesis}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 60
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Experiments of Tyndall}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 61
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{John Tyndall showed that some microbial forms are not killed by boiling. He \& {\bf{Ferdinand Cohn}} discovered {\emph{endospores}}, the heat-resistant forms of some bacteria.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 62
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Commercial Benefits of Microorganisms}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 63
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Microorganisms are used in the production of bread, wine, beer, \& cheeses. They are also used to degrade toxic pollutants and to synthesize a variety of different useful products. {\emph{Biotechnology}} depends on members of the microbial world.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 64
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Biotechnology} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 65
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The use of microbiological \& biochemical techniques to solve practical problems \& produce valuable products.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 66
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Microbes as Research Tools}}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 67
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Microorganisms are wonderful model organisms to study because they have the same fundamental metabolic \& genetic properties as higher life-forms, \& they grow rapidly on simple, inexpensive growth media.} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 68
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 69
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotes that have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 70
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Coccus} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 71
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sphere-shaped bacterial cell.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 72
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Rods} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 73
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cylinder-shaped bacterium; also called a bacillus} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 74
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define vibrio} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 75
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{short, curved, rod-shaped bacterial cell} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 76
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define spirillum} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 77
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{curved rod-shaped bacterial cell that is long enough to form spirals} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 78
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Spirochetes} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 79
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Long, helical bacteria that have flexible cell wall \& endoflagella} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 80
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Archaea} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 81
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{single-celled prokaryotes} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 82
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Fungi} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 83
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{single-celled yeasts \& multicellular molds \& mushrooms; they use organic compounds as food} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 84
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Algae} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 85
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{single-celled or multicellular, \& use sunlight as an energy source} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 86
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Protozoa} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 87
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{typically motile single-celled organisms that use organic compounds as food.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 3 Cells \& Methods to Observe Them}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Capsule} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{a distinct, thick gelatinous material that surrounds some microorganisms} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define chemotaxis} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{movement of a cell toward or away from a certain chemical in the environment} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Cytoplasmic Membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins that surrounds the cytoplasm \& defines the boundary of the cell} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Endospore} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An extraordinary resistant dormant cell produced by some types of bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Flagellum} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A type of structure used for cell movement} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Gram-Negative Bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bacteria that have a cell wall characterized by a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane; when Gram stained, these cells are {\bf{pink}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Gram-Positive Bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bacteria that have a cell wall characterized by a thick layer of peptidoglycan; when Gram stained, these cells are {\bf{purple}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Molecule that makes up the outer layer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Peptidoglycan} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{a macromolecule that provides strength to the cell wall; it is found only in bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 3 Cells \& Methods to Observe Them (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Periplasm} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the gel-like material that fills the region between the cytoplasmic membrane \& the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria \& the cytoplasmic membrane \& peptidoglycan layer of at least some Gram-positive bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Pili} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{cell surface structures that allow cells to adhere to certain material; some types are involved in a mechanism of DNA transfer} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Plasmid} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Extrachromosomal DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define ribosome} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{structure involved in protein synthesis} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Transport systems} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mechanisms cells use to transport nutrients and other small molecules across the cytoplasmic membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Which bacterial cell component provides the best barrier for preventing most molecules from passing through it?} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoplasmic membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Endotoxin is associated with...} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Gram-negative bacteria} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The "O157" in the name {\emph{E. coli}} O157:H7 refers to the type of O antigen. From this information you know that {\emph{E. coli}}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Is Gram-negative} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Eliminating which structure is {\emph{always}} deadly to cells?} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 3 Cells \& Methods to Observe Them (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoplasmic membrane} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If you interfered with the ability of a {\emph{Bacillus}} species to form endospores, what would be the result? The bacterium would no longer be...} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{able to withstand boiling water} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If a virus mimics a ligand that normally participates in receptor-mediated endocytosis, the virus might..} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{be take up by the cell} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The antibiotic erythromycin prevents protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Based on this information, which of the following might be targeted by the drug?} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 3 Cells \& Methods to Observe Them Cont.}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The antibiotic erythromycin prevents protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Based on this information, which of the following might be targeted by the drug? 2. 70s ribosomes, 4. 50s ribosomal subunit} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2, 4} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If a eukaryotic cell were treated with a chemical that destroys tubulin, all of the following would be directly affected {\emph{except}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{actin} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Which of the following is most likely to be used in atypical microbiology laboratory?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bright-field microscope} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When a medical technologist wants to determine if a clinical specimen contains a {\emph{Myobacterium}} species, which should be used?} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Acid-fast stain} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 4 Dynamics of Microbial Growth}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Biofilm} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Polymer-encased community of microorganisms} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Chemically Defined Medium} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A culture medium of exact chemical composition; generally used only for specific experiments when nutrients must be precisely controlled} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Complex Medium} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A culture medium that contains protein digests, extracts, or other ingredients that vary in their chemical composition} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Differential Medium} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A culture medium with an ingredient that certain microorganisms change in a recognizable way; used to differentiate microbes based on their metabolic traits} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Define Exponential (Log) Phase} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Stage in the growth curve during which cells divide at a constant rate; generation time is measured during this period of active.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}