\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{melyzarevalo}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (final-exam-study-guide.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (melyzarevalo)
  /Subject (Final Exam Study Guide Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Final Exam Study Guide Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{melyzarevalo} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/135292/cs/28030/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}melyzarevalo \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/melyzarevalo} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 20th May, 2021.\\
   Updated 20th May, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the main functions of the digestive system?} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) Ingestion - intake of food  2) Digestion - breaks down into usable forms 3) Absorptions - uptake nutrients into blood (or lymph)  4) Compaction - consolidate indigestible material, absorb water  5) Defecation - eliminate waste (feces)} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the digestive tract?} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The digestive tract is a muscular tube extending from mouth to anus.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the accessory digestive organs?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Accessory Digestive organs are the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Accessory Organ is a smaller organ associated with or embedded in another and performing a related function.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the layers of the digestive tract wall?} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The layers of the digestive tract wall are the (in order from the inner to the outer surface) 1) Mucosa  2) Submucosa  3) Muscularis externa 4) serosa/adventitia} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions associated with the mucosa?} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mucosa consists of an epithelium, a loose CT layer called the lamina propria, and thin layer of smooth muscles called the muscularis mucosae. It also lines the lumen.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions associated with the submucosa?} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Submucosa is a thicker layer of loose CT containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, a nerve plexus, and mucous glands. It protects, support, \& secretes.} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions associated with the muscularis externa?} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Muscularis externa has 2 layers of muscle, (1) Inner - circular, (2) Outer - longitudinal. The muscularis externa is responsible for peristalsis and other movements that mix food and digestive enzymes \& propel material through the tract.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions associates with the Serosa?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Serosa/Adventitia is composed of a thin layer of areolar tissue topped by a simple squamous mesothelium. It sheet of Fibrous CT, found in the pharynx, esophagus (most of it), \& rectum.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the enteric nervous system?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Enteric Nervous System is the largest collection of neurons \& neuroglia outside the CNS, residing within the wall of the digestive tact and primarily regulating local gut reflexes involved in gastrointestinal (GI) motility \& fluid transport.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures are involved in the enteric nervous system?} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It is within the walls of alimentary canal \& structures involve (1) Submucosal plexus \& (2) Myenteric plexus.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the peritoneum and the peritoneal cavity?} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Peritoneum: a serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and covers the mesenteries \& viscera. Peritoneal cavity is potential space between the parietal \& visceral peritoneum, contains peritoneal fluid.} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are mesenteries and what are their functions?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mesenteries: fold of peritoneum, a serous membrane that binds the intestine together \& suspends them from the abdominal wall. Mesenteries (1) Hold organs in proper position, (2) Allow movement (w/ reduced friction), \& (3) Provide passage/support for blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, lymph nodes.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What does retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal mean?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Retroperitoneal: is behind the peritoneal cavity, involve duodenum, pancreas, parts of large intestines. Intraperitoneal: within peritoneal cavity, involve stomach, liver, parts of small \& large intestines.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What organs make up the digestive tract?} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, outer body.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of the mouth (oral cavity)?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Site of ingestion, mastication (mechanical breakdown), chemical breakdown (salivary glands), swallowing (\& manipulation), speech \& respiration.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What organs and structures are associated with the mouth and oral cavity?} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The mouth involves lips (labia), oral fissure, \& cheeks. Functions: Speech, sucking, blowing, manipulate food for chewing, fauces (posterior opening).} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions associated to the palate?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Palate is superior border of the mouth (roof), hard palate, soft palate, uvula, separates nasal \& oral cavities. Why we can chew \& breath} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions associated to the tongue?} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Functions: (1) Maneuvers food, (2) Compresses food into bolus, (3) Sensory - taste, temp., texture. Involves Lingual papillae w/ taste buds and how we judge food. (4) Speech} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What makes up the tongue?} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{composed of skeletal muscles, it is attached to skull \& hyoid. The surface contains stratified squamous epithelium. Contains Lingual papillae (house taste buds) \& Lingual frenulum.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions of the teeth?} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Teeth (dentition), function: Mastication. Adults - 32 teeth, Maxillae - 16 teeth, \& Mandible - 16 teeth. There are 4 types: Incisors (anterior), Canines, Premolars, Molars. 2 sets: Deciduous (20) \& Permanent (32).} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the pharynx?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pharynx: muscular funnel that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus \& the nasal cavity to the larynx.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the regions of the pharynx and what do they do?} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) Nasopharynx, (2) Oropharynx, (3) Laryngopharynx} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Nasopharynx?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{only air passage way} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Oropharynx?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{receives food \& air from mouth, involved in swallowing.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Laryngopharynx?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{where both food \& air pass, helps guide food.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the esophagus?} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{muscular tube to move food.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures are associated with the esophagus?} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2 sphincters (1) upper (pharynx), (2) Lower esophageal sphincter. It opens to stomach at cardial orifice.} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of the stomach?} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) Storage-Temporary \textasciitilde{} 4hrs, (2) Mech. Digestion - Churn food to chyme, (3) Chem. Digestion - Starts breakdown of proteins - Acid \& Enzymes.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures are associated with the stomach?} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{J-shaped expansion, Greater Curvature, Lesser Curvature, Very Extensible, Rugae} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) Cardia (2) Fundus (3) Body (4) Pyloric part, pylorus, \& pyloric sphincter} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Explain the structure and function of the microanatomy of the stomach.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Layers of the stomach wall 1) Mucosa  2) Submucosa  3) Muscularis externa  4) Serosa} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Mucus cells?} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{secrete mucus (unknown role)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Parietal cells?} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{H \& Cl} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Chief cells?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pepsinogen \& lipase} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Enteroendocrine cells?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hormone secreting cells, ex. gastrin} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures and functions are associated to Rugae?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Folds of mucosa \& submucosa, contains muscularis externa. Has 3 layers (a) Oblique layer (mixing), (b) circular layer, \& (c) Longitudinal layer} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of the small intestine?} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most digestion, Enzymatic digestion, Almost all absorption! \& Nutrient absorption} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures are associated with the small intestine?} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{duodenum, jejunum, \& Ileum.} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Duodenum?} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Receives chyme from stomach, Curves  around pancreas, Internally - circular folds (plicae circulares). Promotes mixing, digestion, absorption} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the Jejunum?} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Circular folds, Well vascularized \& Muscular} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Ileum?} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lesser muscular/vascularized, Fewer/smaller folds, Ileocecal junction (cecal- cecum) \& End of SI} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Small Intestine: Microanatomy} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mucosa - absorption, involve Circular folds (plicae circulares), Enterocytes - absorptive cells, Microvilli (brush border) - SA \& enzymes,} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Small Intestine: Submucosa} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Submucosa: Plicae circulares, Duodenal Glands, Secrete basic (alkaline mucus). Muscularies externa: Circular - thick, Longitudinal - thin.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 58
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Small Intestine: Absorption} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 59
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Most nutrients: Enterocytes -{}-\textgreater{} capillaries -{}-\textgreater{} liver. Fats: Enterocytes -{}-\textgreater{} lacteals -{}-\textgreater{} circulatory system.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 60
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of the large intestine?} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 61
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) Little bit of digestion (2) Absorb water \& salts! (3) Eliminate waste (feces)  Defecation  Food remains here \textasciitilde{} 12-24 hrs} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 62
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures are associated with the large intestine?} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 63
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Four Major regions: (1) Cecum, Appendix (2) Colon (3) Rectum (4) Anal canal} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 64
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Cecum?} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 65
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1st potion, sac-like, Appendix, Bacterial storage.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 66
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the Colon?} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 67
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Involve: Ascending, Transverse, Descending, \& Sigmoid. Function: absorbs remaining water/electrolytes.} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 68
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the Rectum?} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 69
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Function: storage site for waste (feces), lacks tenia coli but has well developed muscle. Involve rectal valves - transverse folds of mucosa.} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 70
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the Anal Canal?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 71
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{final region, outside of abdominopelvic cavity (in perineum). Function: waste removal/continence.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 72
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Large Intestine: Microanatomy} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 73
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mucosa - simple columnar epithelium  -Colonocytes (enterocytes) -Goblet cells -Intestinal glands (crypts) -No folds, villi \textasciitilde{}For absorption (mostly water) -Submucosa -Lots of lymphoid tissue -Muscularis externa -Taeniae coli \& Serosa} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 74
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{why does the large intestine contain more lymphoid tissue than elsewhere in the alimentary canal?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 75
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Because there are many colonocytes for absorption.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 76
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the last region of the small intestine that chyme passes through?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 77
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ileum (last region)} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 78
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the primary digestive organ of the alimentary canal (Digestive tract)?} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 79
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Small intestine} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System: Accessory Organs}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Name the accessory digestive organs.} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Liver, Gall Bladder, \& Pancreas} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the liver and what is its function} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Metabolic: Pick up/store glucose, Process fats \& amino acids, Detoxify blood} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures (and function of each structure) associated with the liver?} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{consist of {\bf{2 Primary lobes}}, right (large) \& left (smaller), there are {\bf{2 smaller lobes}}: Quadrate \& Caudate.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Where is the liver located?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Inferior to diaphragm, right hypochondriac \& epigastric, URQ} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Liver: Microanatomy} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hepatocytes - liver cells, Hepatic lobule, Hepatocytes radiate out from central vein, Sinusoids. Hepatic arterioles \& Portal venules: at edges of lobules} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Blood Flow} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Venule/arteriole -{}-\textgreater{} sinusoids -{}-\textgreater{} Central vein -{}-\textgreater{} Hepatic Veins -{}-\textgreater{} IVC} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the Bile (green tube)?} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{secreted by hepatocytes, carried to small intestine or gall bladder. Function: Emulsifies fats.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Bile Flow}}:} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Hepatocytes -{}-\textgreater{} bile canaliculi -{}-\textgreater{} bile ductules -{}-\textgreater{} hepatic ducts -\textgreater{} common hepatic duct -\textgreater{} common bile duct (to small intestine or gall bladder)} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{If there is damage to the liver, the digestion of which type of molecule will be most affected?} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Digestive System: Accessory Organs (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lipids} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the gall bladder and what is its function?} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A muscular sac located depression in right lobe on visceral surface and it stores bile.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures (and function of each structure) associated with the gall bladder?} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bile flow: cystic duct + common hepatic duct, bile duct -{}-\textgreater{} duodenum} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the pancreas and what is its function?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{spongy/nodular gland, located posterior to stomach, \& produce pancreatic juices called enzymes during digestion, helps the digestive system by making hormones.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pancreas: Exocrine} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Exocrine gland (digestive): {\bf{Acinar cells}} - secrete digestive enzymes \& bicarbonate, acini -\textgreater{} ducts -\textgreater{} main pancreatic duct, Accessory pancreatic duct} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pancreas: Endocrine} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Endocrine (no ducts), Secretes hormones, Pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans), Regulate glucose levels} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{From which organs does the duodenum receive products/fluids?} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Gallbladder, pancreas, liver \& stomach} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The exocrine portion of the pancreas consists of {\bf{acini}}, which make and secrete {\bf{digestive enzymes}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the main functions of the urinary system?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) Excretion (filter \& remove), (2) Regulate water output (3) Regulate acid-base balance (pH) (4) Synthesis \& secretion.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the organs of the urinary system?} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, \& urethra} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the general structure of the kidney (know both the gross and microanatomy)?} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{place an image} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Urine flow through the kidney}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Glomerular capsule (filtrate) -\textgreater{} PCT -\textgreater{} Nephron loop -\textgreater{} DCT -\textgreater{} Collecting Ducts -\textgreater{} Papilla of pyramids (papillary ducts) -\textgreater{} Minor Calyx -\textgreater{} Major Calyx -\textgreater{} Renal Pelvis -\textgreater{} Ureters -\textgreater{} Urinary Bladder} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary System cont.}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are nephrons?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{the functional unit of kidney} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the functions of nephrons?} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{remove waste, regulates solutes in blood, regulate pH} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Know the classes of nephrons.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) {\bf{Superficial cortical nephrons}}, which have their glomeruli in the outer cortex (2) {\bf{Juxtamedullary nephron}},which have their glomeruli near the corticomedullary border} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures make up a nephron?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) Renal corpuscle (2) Renal tubule} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Renal Corpuscle?} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{site of filtration} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of Renal Tubule?} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{site of reabsorption \& secretion} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{How is urine formed in the nephron/collecting ducts?} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) {\bf{Glomerular Filtration:}} Creates a plasma like filtrate of the blood (2) {\bf{Tubular reabsorption:}} removes useful solutes from the tubular fluid, returns them to the blood (3) {\bf{Tubular Secretion:}} Removes additional wastes from the blood, adds them to the tubular fluid (4) {\bf{Water Conservation:}} Removes water from the urine \& returns it to blood; concentrates wastes} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structures and functions included in the juxtaglomerular complex?} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Is a specialized cell, formed by the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerular afferent arteriole. Its main {\bf{function}} is to regulate BP, monitor fluid entering DCT, \& adjust performance of nephron.} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary System cont. (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Where do the waste that the urinary system excretes originate?} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{it's waste from metabolism throughout the body} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Where in the kidney is urine formed?} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Renal cortex} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What vessels lie at the border of the cortex \& medulla?} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{arcuate vein \& artery} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What type of capillaries make up the glomerulus?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Fenestrated} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Blood continues from the glomerulus to the efferent arterioles, but where does the filtrate go?} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{into the renal tubules} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Where does filtration occur?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Glomerular capsule} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Where does reabsorption occur?} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{PCT, Nephron loop, DCT} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Where fo resorbed solutes go?} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{bloodstream (\& interstitial tissue)} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Which type of nephron do you think produces more concentration urine?} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Juxtamedullary (next to medulla, have long nephron loops)} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the ureters?} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Slender hollow tubes, they carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Understand the structure of the ureter walls} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3 layers of the wall: (1) {\bf{Mucosa:}} transitional epi. (2) {\bf{Muscularis:}} 2-3 layer (3) {\bf{Adventitia}}} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urinary System cont. (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the urinary bladder?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{extensible muscular sac, {\bf{functions:}} store \& expel urine} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures are associated with the urinary bladder (including layers of the its wall)?} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3 layers related to function: (1) {\bf{Mucosa:}} Transitional epi., rugae (like stomach) (2) {\bf{Detrusor:}} thick smooth muscle layer (3) {\bf{Parietal peritoneum/adventitia}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the structure/regions and functions of the urethra?} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{thin-walled tube (inner mucosa, outer smooth muscle), {\bf{function:}} drains urine from the bladder -{}-\textgreater{} out of the body} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Urethra: Female} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Shorter, {\bf{Function:}} carry urine of the body, External urethral orifice, Anterior to vaginal orifice, Posterior to clitoris} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Urethra: Male} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3 regions: (1) {\bf{Prostatic}} (2) {\bf{Membranous}} (3) {\bf{Spongy}}, {\bf{function:}} carries urine \& semen out of the body. Detrusor, Smooth muscle, External urethral sphincter, Skeletal muscle, Within pelvic floor, Males: Internal urethral sphincter} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Male Reproductive System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the primary sex organs?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{gonads: testes \& ovaries} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the accessory sex organs?} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the testes and what is their function?} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Produce sperm \& produce androgens - testosterone, housed in scrotum} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the scrotum and what is its functions?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{pouch of skin \& muscle outside body cavity, contains testes \& spermatic cord, {\bf{functions:}} regulate the temperature of the testes.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the organs/structures of the male reproductive tract?} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the structure/function of epididymis?} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Posterior \& lateral side of testes, comma shaped, duct of epididymis, sperm maturation/storage.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the structure/function of Vas deferens (Ductus deferens)?} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{functions:}} transport sperm, travels from epididymis to ejaculatory duct, ampulla of ductus deferens.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the correct sequence that moves sperm from the testes out of the body?} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Seminiferous tubules → rete testis → efferent ductules → epididymis → ductus deferens → ejaculatory ducts → urethra} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the male accessory glands?} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Male Reproductive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{seminal vesicle, prostate, \& Bulbourethral} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the functions of the accessory glands?} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Secrete seminal fluid:  Facilitate sperm transport \& Promote successful Fertilization} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What structures make up the penis and what is the function of the penis?} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Function:}} deliver semen to female reproductive tract, Gross Anatomy: Root, Body (shaft), Glans penis, Prepuce (foreskin)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Female Reproductive System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the primary sex organs of females?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the accessory sex organs?} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{They are the mons pubis (also called the mons veneris), the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the vestibule of the vagina, the bulb of the vestibule, and the greater vestibular glands} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the gross anatomy of the ovaries?} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{paired, almond size, {\bf{Function:}} produce ova. Microanatomy: Cortes (outer), Oogenesis, Oocytes (eggs), Follicles, medulla (inner), \& Loose CT, vessels, nerves.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is a follicle?} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{an ovarian {\bf{follicle}} is a fluid-filled sac that contains an immature egg, or oocyte} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the organs/structures of the female reproductive tract?} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and ovary} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What is the function of each organ/structure?} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) {\bf{Uterine tube function}}: receive/move oocyte from ovary -\textgreater{} uterus \& size of fertilization. (2) {\bf{Uterus}}: hollow, thick walled, {\bf{function:}} receive, support, \& nourish fertilized egg/embryo. (3) {\bf{Cervix:}} uterine wall (4) {\bf{Vagina:}} Muscular canal, {\bf{function:}} birth canal \& receives penis during intercourse.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the accessory glands of the female reproductive system and what is their function?} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{(1) Greater vestibular Gland (bartholin gland): production of a mucoid secretion that aids in vaginal and vulvar lubrication (2) Lesser vestibular Gland:secrete a substance to lubricate the urethra opening} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Female Reproductive System (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the organs/structures that make up female external genitalia?} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, Bartholin glands, and clitoris. The area containing these organs is called the vulva. The external genital organs have three main {\bf{functions}}: Enabling sperm to enter the body} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{What are the functions of the external genitalia and how are these accomplished?} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The external female genitalia serves the purposes of reproduction and urination} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}