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  /Title (biology-hs-cells-and-energy.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (mediumraremuffin)
  /Subject (Biology HS cells and energy Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Biology HS cells and energy Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{mediumraremuffin} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/69643/cs/17625/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}mediumraremuffin \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/mediumraremuffin} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 29th October, 2018.\\
   Updated 28th October, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chemical Energy and ATP}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{ATP \& ADP} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{ADP is changed into ATP when a phosphate group is added} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Energy is used and it turns back into ADP-repeat} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Carbs make ATP the most} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Fats store the most NRG} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{17.67cm}}{Proteins are the least likely to be broken down to make ATP} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{17.67cm}{x{8.635 cm} x{8.635 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fermentation}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Lactic acid fermentation & Alcoholic fermentation \tn 
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% Row 1
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occurs in muscle & 1. glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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1. glycolysis splits glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules & 2. NRG from 2 NADH is used to split 2 pyruvate into 2 alcohol molecules and 2 CO2 \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 3
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2. 2 pyruvates and 2 NADH enter fermentation & 3. NADH is recycled back into NAD+ \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 4
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3. NRG from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic acid & 4. NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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NADH changed back to NAD+ & used in food production and by bacteria \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{-Does not produce ATP \newline -Anaerobic}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{photosynthesis vs. cell respiration}}  \tn
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Photosynthesis & Cell respiration \tn 
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% Row 1
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in chloroplasts & in mitochondria \tn 
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reactants- CO2, water, NRG & reactants- sugar, oxygen, NRG \tn 
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ETC-thylakoid membrane & ETC- inner membrane \tn 
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chem rxn cycles-calvin cycle & krebs cycle \tn 
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products- sugar, oxygen & CO2, water, ATP \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{ETC- electron transport chain}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Photosynthesis}}  \tn
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light-dependent rxn/ Stage 1 & Stage 2/Calvin Cycle/light-indep \tn 
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grana- stacks of coin shaped membranes; each compartment is called a thylakoid & stroma-fluid that surrounds grana-stage 2: light indep \tn 
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grana-stage 1- light dependent reactions & 1. CO2 molecules are added to 5 carbon molecules=6 carbon molecule \tn 
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Stage 1: sunlight is absorbed, NRG transferred along thylakoid membrane to stage 2-oxygen released. & 2. NRG from stage 1 is used by enzymes to split 6 carbon into 2 3 carbons \tn 
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photosystem 2- capture and transfer NRG & 3. 1 high NRG 3 carbon molecule leaves cycle. After 2 3 carbon molecules have left, they bonf together to make a 6 carbon molecule \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{1. e- enter ETC} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{2. e- and H+ are released and O is released as a waste} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{3. e- move from protein to protein releasing NRG to pump H+ ions in thylakoid} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{photosystem 1- captures NRG \& produces NRG carrying molecules} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{4. e- are energized and leave the thylakoid membrane} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Photosynthesis (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{5. NADPH is transferred to light indep rxn} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{6. concentration of H+ ions is higher inside thylakoid membrane} \tn 
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% Row 12
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{6 cont. difference is called chemiosmotic gradient \& stores NRG-ions flow through protein channel by diffusion} \tn 
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% Row 13
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{7. adds phosphate group to ADP as H+ ions flow through} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{17.67cm}}{photosynthesis formula- \seqsplit{6CO2+6H20→→→→C6H12O6+6O2} \newline NRG=energy}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Respiration}}  \tn
% Row 0
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glycolysis & Krebs Cycle & Electron transport chain \tn 
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Does not require oxygen & produces NRG carrying molecules & uses NADH and FADH2 to make ATP \tn 
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splits glucose into 2 three carbon molecules & 1. pyruvate is broken down & H+ ions flow through protein channel in membrane \tn 
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produces 2 ATP molecules & 2. intermediate molecule enters w?/ CoA & ATP synthase produces ATP \tn 
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 & 3. citric acid is formed & water is formed when oxygen picks up e- and H+ ions \tn 
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 & 4. citric acid is broken down, CO2 is released, NADh is made &  \tn 
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 & 5. 5-carbon molecule is broken down, CO2 is released, NADH \& ATP are made &  \tn 
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% Row 7
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 & 6. 4-carbon molecule is rearranged, NADH and FADH2 are made &  \tn 
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell Respiration (cont)}}  \tn
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 & takes place in the matrix &  \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{17.67cm}}{Cell respiration takes place in the mitochondria  \newline NRG-energy \newline formula- \seqsplit{C6H12O6+6O2→→→→6CO2+6H2O}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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