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% Document Info
\author{May100}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (mid-latitude-cyclones.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (May100)
  /Subject (Mid-latitude Cyclones Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Mid-latitude Cyclones Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{May100} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/195176/cs/41053/}}}
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\noindent
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}May100 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/may100} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 26th October, 2023.\\
   Updated 26th October, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What are they?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/may100_1698316128_Screen Shot 2023-10-26 at 12.01.32 PM.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{Mid-latitude}}: 30° to 60° degrees N or S of the equator. \newline {\bf{Cyclones}}: A low-pressure system \newline They are also called extra-tropical cyclones or frontal depressions}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Where to they develop?}}  \tn
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Mid-latitude cyclones develop at the polar front, usually over the sea.  \newline The polar front is where the cold polar easterlies meet the warmer westerlies of the subtropics.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/may100_1698310359_Screen Shot 2023-10-26 at 10.52.16 AM.png}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- They consist of a pair of fronts (cold/warm) linked to a central area of low pressure  \newline - They carry a lot of moisture.  \newline -Their winds spiral clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere  \newline - Very large systems: up to 2000km across \newline - They travel eastwards (with the westerly winds in the westerly windbelt) \newline - Travel at 10km/h over areas of ±1200km per day \newline - Takes ±48 hours for the system to pass \newline - Occur in families of 3-5, and travel between 2-8 days apart}  \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What conditions are necessary for MLC to form?}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\bf{MLCs are powered by large temperature differences in the atmosphere}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{There {\emph{must}} be a large temp contrast between the subtropical westerly and polar easterly air masses - so the polar front develops.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{There {\emph{must}} be disturbances in the jet stream that make the cold air push into the warm air} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{-{}-\textgreater{} This causes the warm air mass to rise up and over the cold mass and creates a {\bf{low-pressure}} cell into which the wind spirals} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cyclogenesis}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{You need to know the four stages% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1. Initial Stage}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A stationary polar front forms. Wind shears in opposite directions along the front.}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2. Development Stage}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{A 'wave' or a kink forms in the polar front as warm due to a disturbance/friction. Warm air is forced to lift up over cold air. Air pressure starts to drop and the warm and cold air masses begin to swirl alound the low pressure}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{3. Mature Stage}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The cold front bends, and a cold and form show develop.  \newline The {\emph{cold}} {\emph{front}} leads the {\emph{cold sector}} of air which pushes in the direction of the equator.  \newline The {\emph{warm front}} leads the {\emph{warm sector}} of air which pushes in the direction of the pole. \newline  \newline Low pressure continues to intensify at the apex of the fronts.}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cold Front Conditions}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The air pressure drops to its lowest, and then increases with the arrival of cold dense air (cold front)} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Temperature and humidity (dew point) decrease} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds form} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Heavy rainfall (occasionally snow) at the front} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Surface wind direction backs (changes) and wind speeds increase} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{In the Western Cape, the wind direction changes from north-west to west to south-west to south. This is an anti-clockwise change.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Warm front conditions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Air pressure drops} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Temperature increases and humidity (dew point) increases} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Wispy cirrus clouds and stratus clouds form} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Gentle rain from nimbostratus clouds} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{As the front moves on, the weather becomes mild, calm and warm (warm sector)} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4. Occlusion Stage}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/may100_1698313386_Screen Shot 2023-10-26 at 11.07.54 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{An occluded front is a combination of a cold front and a warm front.  \newline A combination of a cold front's tight bands of stormy weather and a warm front wide area of cloudiness.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cold Front Occlusion}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/may100_1698313626_Screen Shot 2023-10-26 at 11.46.19 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Occurs when the coldest air in the MLC is behind the cold front.  \newline The warm front is uplifted along the cold front.  \newline The warm front and its air mass (the warm sector) lose contact with the ground.  \newline The air is forced to rise, cool and condense (clouds form). Rainfall occurs with conditions similar to a cold front.  \newline *The most common form of occlusion}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Warm front occlusion}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/may100_1698313931_Screen Shot 2023-10-26 at 11.46.27 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{{\emph{When the overtaking cold front is lifted by the colder retreating air ahead of the warm front}} \newline  \newline It occurs when the coldest air is found ahead of the warm front. This causes the cold front to be uplifted along the warm front.  \newline The air is forced to rise, it cools, condenses, and clouds form.  \newline Rainfall occurs with weather associated with a warm front (temp rise, nimbostratus, continuous/heavy rainfall).}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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