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\author{mallowy}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (fms-cbs-cells-and-organelles.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (mallowy)
  /Subject (FMS CBS Cells and organelles Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{FMS CBS Cells and organelles Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{mallowy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/143608/cs/31380/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}mallowy \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/mallowy} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th March, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and viruses}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Eukaryotes} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}DNA: Linear bound to protein DNA, Introns. Organelles: Nucleus, membrane bound, 80S/70S ribosome. Reproduction: Mitosis and meiosis, paired chromosomes (diploid). Average size 10-100 μm. Extras: Mitotic spindle, sterols in plasma membrane, internal membranes (in organelles), ER, mitochondria, lysosomes, golgi, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, cell wall only in some fungi.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prokaryotes} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}DNA: Naked circular DNA, No introns. Organelles: No nucleus, No membrane-bound, 70s ribosomes. Reproduction: Binary fission, single chromosome (haploid). Average size: 1-5 μm. Extras: Internal membranes only in photosynthetic organisms, cell wall.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Viruses} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Nucleic acid + protein coat. Needs host to replicate.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sizes (copy)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoskeleton} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Actin = thinnest (muscle). Microtubules = thickest (pull daughter cells apart). Intermediate filaments = mechanical strength of cell.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoplasm} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}cytosol + organelles} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nucleus} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Only organelle visible by light microscopy. Contains packaged genetic material. Covered by nuclear envelope (double membrane) which has nuclear pores.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plasma membrane} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Phospholipid bilayer. Contains cholesterol,  proteins (integral, transmembrane and peripheral) and carbs.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lysosome} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Electron dense. Membrane bound. \textgreater{}50 hydrolytic enzymes for all major macromolecules. All require low pH. Organelle turnover/autophagy.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Peroxisome} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Detoxification. Phospholipid synthesis. Oxidation of VLCFA (Very Long Chain Fatty Acids). Enzymes which generate \& degrade H2O2. Large. Not very electron dense.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Smooth endoplasmic reticulum} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Making lipids and steriods. Start of N-linked glycosylation. Detoxification of Xenobiotics.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Rough endoplasmic reticulum} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Coated with ribosome (translation, proteins for secretion or insertion in cell membrane). Proteins folded (Cys-Cys brdges form). Vesicles bud off and go to golgi. RER and SER are continuous set of endosomes.} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 6)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sizes (copy) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Golgi} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}4-8 closely-stacked, membrane-bound channels (cisterna). Modifies proteins from RER vesicles (modifying N-linked carbs and Glycosylation of O-linked carbs and lipids). Synthesis/package materials for secreted. Direct new proteins in vesicles to their correct compartments. Transport membrane lipids around cell. Create lysosomes.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mitochondrion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Double membrane. Contain DNA \& enconde some of their proteins (\textasciitilde{}1\%). Sugars oxidised to generate ATP (krebs). Cristae (inner membrane folds) to increase surface area for ETC.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chromatin} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Complex of DNA with histone and non-histone proteins} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nucleolus} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Where rDNA is transcribed and ribosome subunits assembled.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structure and function of cellular organelles}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoplasm} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nucleus} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plasma membrane} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lysosome} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Peroxisome} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Smooth endoplasmic reticulum} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Rough endoplasmic reticulum} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Golgi} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoskeleton} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mitchondrion} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chromatin} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nucleolus} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sizes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoskeleton} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Actin = 7nm diameter. Intermediate filaments = 8-10nm. Microtubules =25nm.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytoplasm} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nucleus} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}diam 3 - 10 μm} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Plasma membrane} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}5 - 10 nm thick} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Lysosome} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}0.2 - 0.5  μm} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Peroxisome} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}0.5 - 1.5 μm} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Smooth endoplasmic reticulum} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}50nm diam} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Rough endoplasmic reticulum} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Golgi} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mitochondrion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}0.5 - 3 μm} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 10
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Chromatin} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nucleolus} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}0.2 to 3.5  μm} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extra lecture info}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Electron microscopy} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Involves elaborate prep \& can only evaluate dead cells} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Transmission Electron microscope} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}To look inside cell, electrons through specimen} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Scanning Electron Microsope} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}To see cell surface, electrons scattered off surface by heavy metal coating e.g Au} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Max size of cell is determined by} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}diffusion reduced \textgreater{}50 μm. As cell increases vol increases more than SA. Being too large influcnes movement of intermediates, waste products and nutrients.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells specialized for diffusion} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Thin processes. Giant multinucleate cells: gene expression occurs in multiple places. Gap junctions: allow movement between cells.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cellular organelles pros} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}allows for specialised enviroments within them} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{DNA} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}DNA packed as chromosomes. Chromosomes made up of chromatin. Chromatin made up of nucleosomes. Unless cell is dividing, chromatin is decondensed.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{DNA sizes} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Naked human DNA = 1.8m. DNA packaged in nucleosomes: 9.5mm. Condensed as chromosomes in mitosis 120 μm.} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 8
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Secretory vesicles} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Bud off golgi \& fuse with inner surface of plasma membrane for exocytosis.} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
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\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Extra lecture info (cont)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mitochondria membrane lengths} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}0.5 - 2 μm} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}