\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{lukenelson}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (intro-to-oop.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (lukenelson)
  /Subject (Intro to OOP Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
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\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
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\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Intro to OOP Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{lukenelson} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/211357/cs/45805/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}lukenelson \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/lukenelson} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 2nd March, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{1.04 cm} x{6.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Class and Objects}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Class & A user-defined data type that defines attributes (data members) and behaviors (member functions). It acts as a blueprint for objects \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Object} & An instance of a class with specific values and behaviors \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2 cm} x{6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pillars of OOP}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Encapsulation} & Encapsulation is wrapping up the data and methods together within a single entity. In C++, classes are used for encapsulation. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Abstraction} & Showing only the necessary details and hiding the internal details is known as abstraction. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Polymorphism} & Providing different functionalities to the functions or operators of the same name is known as Polymorphism. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Access Specifiers}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{• public: Accessible from outside the class. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 • private: Cannot be accessed directly from outside. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
 • protected: Like private, but accessible in derived classes. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
class Demo \{ \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
private: \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
    int secretNumber; \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
public: \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
    int publicNumber; \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\};% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Class Example}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{class Car \{ \newline public: \newline     string brand; \newline     int year; \newline \}; \newline  \newline int main() \{ \newline     Car myCar; \newline     myCar.brand = "Toyota"; \newline     myCar.year = 2022; \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Inheritance}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Deriving the properties of a class ( Parent class ) to another class ( Child class ) is known as Inheritance. It is used for code reusabilty.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Building a Class}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Attribute (Data Members) & variables which represent the attributes of the class \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Functionality (Member Functions) & functions which represent the behaviors of the class \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Constructor}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{a special member function that is automatically called when an object of a class is created} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Object Instantiation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{• Creating objects from a class. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
 • Accessing attributes/methods using dot syntax. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
Circle c1(5.0); \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
cout \textless{}\textless{} c1.radius;% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Demonstration}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Compute circumference and area of a circle. \newline  \newline class Circle \{ \newline private: \newline     double radius; \newline public: \newline     Circle(double r) \{ radius = r; \} \newline     double getCircumference() \{ return 2 {\emph{ 3.1416 }} radius; \} \newline     double getArea() \{ return 3.1416 {\emph{ radius }} radius; \} \newline \}; \newline  \newline int main() \{ \newline     Circle c1(5); \newline     cout \textless{}\textless{} "Circumference: " \textless{}\textless{} c1.getCircumference(); \newline     cout \textless{}\textless{} "Area: " \textless{}\textless{} c1.getArea(); \newline \}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Class Rectangle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{class Rectangle \{ \newline public: \newline     int length, width; \newline     int area() \{ \newline         return length * width; \newline     \} \newline \};} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}