\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{Lucifer05} \pdfinfo{ /Title (refraction-of-light-in-plane-surfaces.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (Lucifer05) /Subject (Refraction of Light in Plane Surfaces Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{1CADBD} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F0F9FA} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Refraction of Light in Plane Surfaces Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Lucifer05} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/103888/cs/21354/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Lucifer05 \\ \uline{cheatography.com/lucifer05} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th December, 2019.\\ Updated 9th December, 2019.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Refraction}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It is a surface phenomenon in which there is a change in the direction of path of light when it passes from one media to another} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cause of Refraction}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When a ray of light passes from one media to another it deviates because of the change in the speed of the light.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Laws of Refraction}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1) The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal, all lie in the same plane.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2) The ratio of sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is constant.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Snell's Law}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{sin {\emph{i}} / sin {\emph{r}} = μ% Row Count 1 (+ 1) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Refractive Index}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The refractive index of a medium refers to the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction. It can also be defined as the ratio of speed of light in vacuum/a medium to the speed of light in another medium.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{μ = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in a medium} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}medium 1\textasciicircum{}μ\textasciicircum{}medium 2\textasciicircum{} = speed in medium 1 / speed in medium 2} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\textasciicircum{}med 1\textasciicircum{}μ\textasciicircum{}med 2\textasciicircum{} = V1 / V2 = μ\textasciicircum{}med 2\textasciicircum{} / μ\textasciicircum{}med 1\textasciicircum{}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Med = Medium. The stuff in superscript is supposed to be in subscript.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.33459 cm} x{1.64241 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors Affecting Refractive Index}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1) Density of the medium & μ∝Density \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 2) Temperature & μ∝1/Temp. \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 3) Wavelength & μ∝1/λ \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principle of Reversibility}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lucifer05_1575867663_Principle of Reversiblity.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The Principle of Reversibility states that a path of a light ray is reversible. \newline It implies \textasciicircum{}1\textasciicircum{}μ\textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{} X \textasciicircum{}2\textasciicircum{}μ\textasciicircum{}1\textasciicircum{} = 1} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lateral Displacement}} \tn \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The perpendicular distance between the path of the emergent ray and the direction of the incident ray is called Lateral displacement.% Row Count 3 (+ 3) } \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.03597 cm} x{1.94103 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors Affecting Lateral Displacement}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1) Thickness of medium & LD∝Thickness \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 2) Angle of incidence & LD∝Angle i \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 3) Refractive Index & LD∝μ \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 4) Wavelength & LD∝1/λ \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Angle of Deviation in Prism}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lucifer05_1575871604_Prism.png}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The angle formed between the direction of incident ray and the emergent ray is called the angle of deviation. It is represented by δ. δ = (i1 + i2) - (r1 + r2). δ + A = i1 + i2.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.4839 cm} x{1.4931 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors affecting Angle of Deviation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1) Angle of incidence & Varies \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 2) Refractive Index & δ∝μ \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 3) Angle of Prism & δ∝A \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 4) Wavelength & δ∝1/λ \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Real \& Apparent Depth}} \tn \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lucifer05_1575882780_R&A.jpg}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An Object placed in a denser medium when viewed from a rarer medium appears to be at a lesser depth. This is because of refraction of light. μ=RD/AD} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.4839 cm} x{1.4931 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Factors affecting Shift}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 1) Refractive Index & S∝μ \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} 2) Thickness & S∝T \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 3) Wavelength & S∝1/λ \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Consequences of Refraction of Light}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A star appears as if it is twinkling- this is because of change in refractive index due to the change in temp. or density.} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Bending of a pencil half underwater- this is due to the refraction of light that the pencil appears to bend towards the surface of the water.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A coin kept in a vessel is not visible when seen from just below the edge of the vessel but can be viewed from the same position if water is added.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A Pond appears shallower than its actual depth.} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}