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  /Subject (Exploring Ethics Chapters 12,14-15 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Exploring Ethics Chapters 12,14-15 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{lsanchez} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/19496/cs/2771/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}lsanchez \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 29th October, 2014.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 12: Kant's Opinion}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. The moral worth of an action is to be judged not by the consequences but by the nature of the maxim (ground rule) or principle that motivated the action \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
2. The only correct Maxims are those that can serve as universal laws because they are applicable without exception to every person at any time.% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 12: Study Questions}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Good will is the only thing in the world that is good without limitation. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
2. Acting from duty is perform the action because it is your duty, does not matter if you are inclined to do it or whether or not it is in your interests. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
Acting in accordance with duty mean performing an action because you are inclined to do it or it pleases you or your interests. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
3. Categorical Imperative - Flat out command: Do X \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
Hypothetical Imperative - If you want X, you should do Y% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 14: What is Utilitarianism}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Utilitarianism is the creed which accepts as the foundation of morals "utility" or the " greatest happiness principle" holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness; wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
a) happiness is pleasure and no pain and unhappiness is pain and no pleasure \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
b) pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things desirable as ends (the end being happiness)% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 12: Good Will and Duty}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. The only thing that can be called good without qualification is good will \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
a) Good will is not good because of its effects or accomplishments nor its adequacy to achieve a proposed end but because by virtue of its willing it is good in itself \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
2. The duty to help others has no moral worth if done for the purpose of taking delight in the contentment of others in order to achieve inner pleasure \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 4)
a) this is because the maxim lacks the moral merit of such actions done not out of inclination but out of duty \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 3)
b) the moral worth of an action done out of duty has the moral worth solely on the principle of volition in accordance with which the action was done, without any regard for objects of the faculty of desire (found in the principle of the will) \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 5)
3. The idea of an objective, in so far as it constrains a will, is called a commandment (of reasons), and the formulation of this commandment is call an Imperative% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 12: Duties of the only Categ. Imperative}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. A guy has a horrible life and wonders if its duty to take his life. His maxim is "I make it my principle out of self-love to shorten my life if it shorten my life if its continuance threatens more evil than it promises advantage." \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 5)
a)This cannot be universalized because  the law of nature is to promote life and saying it should destroy life would contradict itself \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
2. A guy borrows money and promises to pay it back but actually intends not to. The maxim of the action is "When I need money, I will borrow money, promise to pay it back but then not pay it back".  \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 4)
a)This cannot be universalized because it would make the concept of promising itself impossible because no one would believe anyone that promises anything anymore% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Hypothetical Imperative - declares a possible action to be practically necessary as a means to the attainment of something else that one wants \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
a) if you want "A", then do \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
"B" ( you will not know what a hypothetical imperative contains until given its condition) \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
2. Categorical Imperative - represents an action as itself objectively necessary, without regard to any further end. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
a) Do "x" (requires a certain type of conduct directly) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
b) The ONLY categorical imperative is "Act only on that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law"% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chapter 12: Duties of the only... (Continued)}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. A guy has a talent that if practiced  would make him a useful man but he  prefers to give himself up to pleasure rather than working on increasing this talent. His maxim is "Does my maxim of neglecting my natural gifts, besides agreeing with my taste for amusement, agree also with what is called duty? \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 7)
a) This is cannot be universalized because as a rational being he automatically wills that all his powers should be developed, since they are after all useful to him.  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 4)
4.A guy believes that he shouldn't help anyone and just worry about himself. Now the human race could survive perfectly well if this was universalized. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 4)
a) Although the maxim could be universalized it is impossible to will that such a principle should hold everywhere as a law of nature because it conflicts with itself since many situation might arise in which the man needs love and sympathy from others and in which, by such a law of nature generated by his own will, he would rob himself of all hop of the help he wants.% Row Count 23 (+ 8)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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