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  /Title (exploring-ethics-chapters-1-2-5-7.pdf)
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  /Author (lsanchez)
  /Subject (Exploring Ethics Chapters 1,2,5-7 Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Exploring Ethics Chapters 1,2,5-7 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{lsanchez} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/19496/cs/2501/}}}
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  \vspace{-2pt}lsanchez \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 1st September, 2014.\\
   Updated 10th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 1: Three Ways Philosophy Has Value}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Good of the mind \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2. Keep alive speculative interest \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
3. Breaks us of "dogmatism"% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 1: Types of Thinking}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Normative ethics: `Thinking about what is right, good, or obligatory` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
Descriptive ethics: `Describe or explain moral phenomena` \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
Meta-ethics: `Thinking about the meaning or use of good, bad, or obligatory`% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 1: Reasoning in Moral Matters}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Decision must be made by facts \& reason and not emotions \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
2. Do not base your decision by appealing to what others think. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
`a. They may be wrong` \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
`b.We must think for ourselves` \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
3. Never do what is morally wrong \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
`a. Ask "Is this right or wrong"? instead of selfish questions like "what will people think"?`% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 1: 3 Arguments for Making an Ethical Choice}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. We should never harm anyone \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2. If one chooses to live in said state, then they are agreeing to obey its laws \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
3.One's society or "state" is basically one's parent and teacher and you're supposed to obey your parent's and teacher's% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 2: Why Socrates Should NOT Escape}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Harm no one (including self \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`a. escaping would harm the state because it violates and disregards laws` \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
2. Keep promises (agreements, contracts) \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`a. by choosing to live in said state you are agreeing to abide by their laws` \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
3. Obey one's parents and teachers (laws, state) \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
`a. one's society is basically your parent/teacher and you're supposed to obey your parents`% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 2 Why Crito Thinks Socrates Should Escape}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. It would be shameful for Socrates to leave his sons without a father \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
2.People would think Socrate's friends valued him less than the money it would take to arrange his escape \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
3.It would be unjust for Socrates to cooperate with his enemies' unjust plans to destroy him% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 5: Moral Judgment vs. Personal Preference}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. A personal preference different from someone else's does not deny what the other person say \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`a. I like dogs and I don't like dogs (one statement does not make the other one wrong)` \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
2. A difference in moral judgments will deny what the other person is saying \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
`a. All wars are unjust and some wars are unjust (both statements cannot be true)`% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch 5. How Not To Make A Moral Choice}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Simply thinking it does not make it so \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`a. moral judgments must be based on more than belief` \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
`b. two people might think they are both correct but they both can't be correct` \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
2. Using opinion polls or a consensus \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
`a. this merely will show what MOST people think (and moral judgments must be based on more than belief)` \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
3. Appeal to a higher power (God)  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`a. We do not know if God exists` \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
`b. We are not sure what God thinks about moral questions (misinterpreting the bible)` \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
`c. many new moral questions cannot be answered by the Bible because of progressions in technology (life-sustaining tech)` \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 3)
`d. there is not an independent way of testing the truth or reasonableness of God's moral judgments`% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 7: What Does Cultural Relativism Say}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{`1. Different societies have different moral codes` \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`2. There is no objective standard to judge one societal code better than another` \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
`3. The moral code of our own society has no special status; just one among many` \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
`4.There is no "universal truth" in ethics (no moral truths that apply to all people of all time)` \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
`5. The moral code of a society determines what is right within only that society` \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
`6. It is arrogant for us to judge other people and we should instead be tolerant of their conduct`% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 6: God and Morality}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Why "murder is immoral because it destroys what God created" is wrong \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`a. God also created germs and viruses, should these also not be eliminated?` \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
`b. God arranged for us to live but also die. By killing are we assisting the work of God?` \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
`c. God provided us with the mental and physical potential to commit murder. Does God wish us to fulfill this potential?` \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
2. Are actions right because God says they are or are they right because "right is right" \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
`a. one should act morally not because you are told but because you ought to which means that actions are not "right" because God commands them but because "right is right"`% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 7 What Can Be Learned from Cultural Relativism}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Warns us about the danger of assuming that ALL our preferences are based on some absolute rational standard. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
`a. women covering breasts is not objectionably right or wrong but merely  a cultural preference` \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
2. To keep an open mind and be tolerant of other cultures practices`% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 7: The Cultural Differences Argument}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. What is the Cultural Differences Argument \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`a. different cultures have different moral codes` \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
`b. therefore, there is no objective "truth" in morality: morality is only a matter of opinion and opinions vary from culture to culture` \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 3)
2. Why is the Cultural Differences Argument incorrect \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
`a. the argument concerns what people believe and just because you believe something does not make it true: some cultures believe the earth is flat and others round, cultural relativism says they are both correct but that can't be true`% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
} \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 7: Consequences of Taking CR Seriously}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Cannot criticize the customers of other societies \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
`a. a society that practices slavery and is anti-Semitic cannot be judged wrong by us` \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
2. We could decide whether actions are right or wrong just by consulting the standards of our society \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
`a. cannot criticize or change our own societies code` \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
3. Moral progress is called into doubt \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
`a. changes to women's rights and  discrimination would not be called progress because progress requires changing a current way with a better way: which means judging our current society's moral code with that of another society's or time`% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ch. 7: Common Values Cultures Have}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Protective of infants \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
`a. group would eventually die out if infants aren't raised due to no non-replenishment of people` \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
2. Honesty \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
`a. if every one lies how can a society ever communicate` \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
`b. complex societies must favor truthfulness to thrive` \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
3. There are some moral rules that all societies will have in common because they are necessary for society to exist% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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