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\author{lph2727 (lph2727)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (module-1-chemistry-nsw.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (lph2727 (lph2727))
  /Subject (Module 1 Chemistry (NSW) Cheat Sheet)
}

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        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Module 1 Chemistry (NSW) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{lph2727 (lph2727)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/145972/cs/31496/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}lph2727 (lph2727) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/lph2727} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 8th April, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atoms, Elements and Compounds}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pure substances are made up of one type of {\bf{atom}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An {\bf{element}} is a pure substance that cannot decompose into simpler substances} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Compounds}} are formed by joining 2 or more elements; they can be broken down into simpler substances} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms of the {\bf{same element}} are exactly alike} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided into smaller particles} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.9908 cm} x{2.9862 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Seperating mixtures}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Sieving}} & Separates based on particle size \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Filtration}} & One substance is a solid, other is a solution or liquid; particle size \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Vaporisation}} & Liquid has a much lower boiling point than the solid \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Distillation}} & Big difference in boiling points \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Fractional distillation}} & Significant but small difference in boiling points \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Separating funnel}} & Components are immiscible liquids; different densities \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Adding a solvent}} & One sunbstance is soluble in the chose solvent, while the others are insoluble \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Physical vs Chemical Change}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Chemical}} & {\bf{Physical}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
At least one new substance formed & No new substance formed \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Difficult to reverse (hard to 'unboil' an egg) & Easily reversed (melt a solid; freeze again) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Generally large input and output of energy (burn natural gas) & Relatively small energy changes involved (evaporate alcohol, dissolve sugar in water) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{In a chemical reaction the starting substances are called {\bf{reactants}} and the substances that are formed are called the {\bf{products}}.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.09034 cm} x{2.88666 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Periodic Table}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Metals}} are elements that: & are solids at room temperature \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & have a shiny or lustrous appearance \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & are good conductors of heat and electricity \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & are malleable and ductile \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Most other elements are called {\bf{non-metals}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{periodic table}} is a chart of the elements arranged so that those with similar properties fall into the same vertical column} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The vertical columns are called {\bf{groups}}, They are numbered from 1 to 18.} \tn 
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% Row 7
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The elements in groups 3 to 12 are called {\bf{transition elements}}. The other elements (in group 1, 2 and 13 to 18) are called {\bf{main-group elements}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The horizontal rows are called {\bf{periods}} and they are numbered 1 to 7} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Periodic Table cont.}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lph2727_1649063474_how_to_read_an_element.png}}} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Periodicity}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The trends of the periodic table can be seen clearly in the image above.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{screening effect}} is the {\emph{decrease}} in electrostatic force between a nucleus and an outermost electron brought about by completely filled electron shells between the nucleus and the outermost electron.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When an atom {\emph{loses or gains}} an electron it becomes an {\bf{electrically charged species}} because the numbers of {\emph{protons and electrons are no longer in balance}}; becoming {\bf{ions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{First ionisation energy}}, IA, of an element is the {\bf{energy required to remove an electron}} from a neutral gaseous atom of the element.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Electronegativity}} of an element is a measure of the {\emph{ability of an atom of that element to attract bonding electrons}} towards itself in compounds.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{higher}} the electronegativity the {\bf{stronger the attraction}} of the atom for bonding electrons.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Bohr vs Schr{\"o}dinger}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Bohr}} & Considered electrons as particles orbiting the nucleus \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Successful in interpreting the hydrogen spectrum \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Failed on more complicated ones. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Schr{\"o}dinger}} & Much more successful in interpreting atomic and molecular properties. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Showed that electrons move at extremely high speeds {\emph{randomly}} in {\bf{orbitals}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Schr{\"o}dinger equation}} uses wave properties and quantum theory to calculate the {\bf{probability of finding an electron at a particular location}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Planck's quantum theory proposes that in atoms energy is not continuously variable but exists in discrete packages.}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atoms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An {\bf{atom}} is the smallest particle of an element that is still recognisable as that element} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{formula of a compound that exists as molecules}} is a combination of symbols of the elements in the compound, with subscripts denoting how many atoms of each element are in the molecule} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An atom consists of an extremely {\bf{small dense nucleus}} or core, which contains the {\bf{bulk of the mass of the atom}} and carries {\bf{positive electrical charges}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This nucleus is surrounded by an {\bf{electron cloud}} of rapidly moving and extremely light {\bf{negatively charged}} particles.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Atomic number, Z}}, of an element is the {\bf{number of protons}} in the nucleus of an atom of that element.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{mass number, A}}, is the number of {\bf{protons plus neutrons in the nucleus}} of an atom of the species concerned. Sometimes called the nucleon number} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Number of electrons}} in the electron cloud is {\emph{equal}} to the {\bf{number of protons}} in the nucleus} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Isotopes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Isotopes are atoms of one element that have {\bf{different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei}} (although the same number of protons).} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{relative abundance}} of an isotope is the {\bf{percentage of that isotope in the naturally occurring element.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Isotopes of one element have the {\bf{same chemical properties}} and very {\bf{similar physical ones.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Radioactivity}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes {\bf{spontaneously}} emit radiation. They are also called {\bf{unstable isotopes}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Radioisotopes emit three types of radiation:} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{alpha (α) rays}} & which are helium nuclei \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{beta (β) rays}} & which are electrons \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{gamma (γ) rays}} & which are a type of electromagnetic radiation like light and X-rays \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A {\bf{nuclear equation}} shows the disintegration of a radioisotope into a new nucleus and a helium atom or an electron; the atomic and mass numbers {\bf{must balance}} in nuclear equations.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{half-life}} of a radioisotope is the time required for half the atoms in a given sample to undergo radioactive decay.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Half-life is independent of the initial amount of the isotope present.} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spectroscopy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Electrons in an atom can be given extra energy and so be raised from its {\bf{ground state}} into an {\bf{excited state}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When electrons in {\bf{excited states {\emph{fall back}} to their ground states}}, {\bf{energy is released}} in the form of {\bf{ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{This radiation can be analysed with a {\bf{spectroscope}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Measuring and studying the emission spectra of elements is called atomic emission spectroscopy.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some elements produce {\bf{distinctive flame colours}} because one particular {\bf{electron transition}} occurs much more frequently than any other.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{So a {\bf{flame test}} can also be used to detect their presence in a sample} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Periodicity}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lph2727_1649386866_periodic trends.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.89586 cm} x{4.08114 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chemical Bonding}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Ionic}} & Outright transfer of electrons from one atom to another. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Electrostatic attran is between positive and negative ions \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Ions are present in ratios, the total \# of positive charges is equal to the total \# negative charges \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Formulaes (e.g. NaCl, CaF2 ) specify the ratios in which the ions are present, not the composition of discrete molecules. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Ionic binary compounds are named positive ion then negative ion. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & The positive ion has the same name as the element (e.g. 'sodium', 'calcium') \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Negative ion the ending of the element name is changed to -ide. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & High melting and boiling points \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A polyatomic ion is an ion formed from two or more atoms joined together.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} x{4.4793 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electron Shells and Arrangements}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Electrons orbit (move around) the nucleus in a circle called an {\bf{electron shell.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{These electrons exist in discrete energy levels} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 1st shell: holds 2 e- \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2nd shell: holds up to 8 e- \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 3rd shell: holds up to 8 e- \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Octet Rule}}: atoms are stable when their outer electron shell holds 8 electrons.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{There are 2 exceptions to the octet rule.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 1. The cases in which there are fewer than 8 electrons in the outer shell. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2. The cases in which there are more than 8 electrons in the outer shell. Exception: H and He. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Valence electrons}}:  {\bf{electrons in outer most shell}} of an atom that can participate in {\bf{forming chemical bonds}} with other atoms} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms with a relatively {\bf{empty outer shell}} will want to {\bf{give up electrons}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Atoms with a relatively {\bf{full outer shel}}l will want to {\bf{gain electrons}} to fill up the outer shell} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The arrangement of electrons in energy levels is called the {\bf{electron configuration}} of the atom.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The 'driving force' behind chemical reactivity is that an atom tends to lose, gain or share electrons in order to achieve the stable electron configuration of the nearby noble gas.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Filling energy levels}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lph2727_1649306880_Capture.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Orbitals}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lph2727_1649307610_orbitals.PNG}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Orbitals}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Orbitals}} are a volume of space surrounding the nucleus of an atom through which one or two {\bf{electrons may randomly move.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each main energy level of an atom (except the first) is made up of a set of energy sublevels called the {\bf{s, p, d and f sublevels.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Each orbital can accommodate a {\bf{maximum of two electrons.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ions are atoms with {\bf{extra electrons or missing electrons}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ions}} are positively or negatively charged particles} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Missing}} electrons results in a {\bf{positive charge}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Extra}} electrons results in a {\bf{negative charge}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Postive ions are called {\bf{cations}}; negative ions are called {\bf{anions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An {\bf{ionic lattice}} is an orderly array of positive and negative ions} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The {\bf{formula of a compound that is made up of ions}} is a combination of symbols of the atoms involved, with subscripts giving the ratio in which the elements are present in the compound (since there are no molecules of ionic compounds).} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}