\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{LoveZevia} \pdfinfo{ /Title (new-bio-cheaty-thing-thing.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (LoveZevia) /Subject (New Bio Cheaty Thing Thing Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{New Bio Cheaty Thing Thing Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{LoveZevia} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/168660/cs/37159/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}LoveZevia \\ \uline{cheatography.com/lovezevia} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 21st February, 2023.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Abnormal regulation of genes}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The products of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes control cell division. A DNA change that makes a proto-oncogene overly active converts it to an oncogene, which then may promote extra cell division and cancer. A tumor-suppressor gene encodes a protein that inhibits abnormal cell division. A mutation that reduces activity of its protein product may lead to excessive cell division and cancer.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 9) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Many proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes encode components of growth-stimulating and growth-inhibiting signaling path-ways, respectively, and mutations in them can interfere with normal signaling pathways. A hyperactive version of a protein in a stimulatory pathway, such as Ras (a G protein), functions as an oncogene protein. A defective version of a protein in an inhibitory pathway, such as p53 (a transcription activator), fails to act as a tumor suppressor.} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 10) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In the multistep model of cancer development, normal cells are converted to cancer cells by the accumulation of mutations affecting proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Technical advances in DNA and mRNA sequencing are enabling cancer treatments that are more individually based.} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Genomics studies have resulted in four proposed subtypes of breast cancer, based on expression of genes by tumor cells.} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Individuals who inherit a mutant allele of a proto-oncogene or tumor-suppressor gene have a predisposition to develop a particular cancer. Certain viruses promote cancer by integration of viral DNA into a cell's genome.} \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Identical daughter cells}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The genetic material (DNA) of a cell- its genome- is partitioned among chromosomes. Each eukaryotic chromosome consists of one DNA molecule associated with many proteins. Together, the complex of DNA and associated proteins is called chromatin. The chromatin of a chromosome exists in different states of condensation at different times. In animals, gametes have one set of chromosomes, and somatic cells have two sets.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 9) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells replicate their genetic material before they divide, each daughter cell receiving a copy of the DNA. Prior to cell division, chromosomes are duplicated. Each one then consists of two identical sister chromatids joined along their lengths by sister chromatid cohesion and held most tightly together at a constricted region at the centromeres. When this cohesion is broken, the chromatids separate during cell division, becoming the chromosomes of the daughter cells. Eukaryotic cell division consists of mitosis (division of the nucleus) and cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm).} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 12) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell cycle regulated by system}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm regulate progress through the cell cycle.} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The cell cycle control system is molecularly based; key regulatory proteins are cyclins and kinases. The cell cycle clock has specific checkpoints where the cell cycle stops until a go-ahead signal is received; important checkpoints occur in the Gi, G2, and M phases. Cell culture has enabled researchers to study the molecular details of cell division. Both internal signals and external signals control the cell cycle checkpoints via signal transduction pathways. Most cells exhibit density-dependent inhibition of cell division as well as anchorage dependence.} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 12) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cancer cells elude normal cell cycle regulation and divide un-checked, forming tumors. Malignant tumors invade nearby tissues and can undergo metastasis, exporting cancer cells to other sites, where they may form secondary tumors. Recent cell cycle and cell-signaling research, and new techniques for sequencing DNA, have led to improved cancer treatments.} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mitotic and Interphase alternate}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Between divisions, a cell is in interphase: the G1, S, and G2 phases. The cell grows throughout interphase, with DNA being replicated only during the synthesis phase, that being S. Mitosis and cytokinesis make up the Mitotic phase of the cell cycle, also referred to as the M phase.} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The mitotic spindle, made up of microtubules, controls chromosome movement during mitosis. In animal cells, it arises from the centrosomes and includes spindle microtubules and asters. Some spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes and move the chromosomes to the metaphase plate. After sister chromatids separate, motor proteins move them along kinetochore microtubules toward opposite ends of the cell. The cell elongates when motor proteins push nonkinetochore microtubules from opposite poles away from each other.} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 11) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mitosis is usually followed by cytokinesis. Animal cells carry out cytokinesis by cleavage, and plant cells form a cell plate.} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{During binary fission in bacteria, the chromosome replicates and the daughter chromosomes actively move apart. Some of the proteins involved in bacterial binary fission are related to eukaryotic actin and tubulin. Since prokaryotes preceded eukaryotes by more than a billion years, it is likely that mitosis evolved from prokaryotic cell division.} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzyme activity regulation}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Many enzymes are subject to allosteric regulation: Regulatory molecules, either activators or inhibitors, bind to specific regulatory sites, affecting the shape and function of the enzyme. In cooperativity, binding of one substrate molecule can stimulate binding or activity at other active sites. In feedback inhibition, the end product of a metabolic pathway allosterically inhibits the enzyme for a previous step in the pathway.} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 9) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some enzymes are grouped into complexes, some are incorporated into membranes, and some are contained inside organelles, increasing the efficiency of metabolic processes.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}