\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Looza}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (a-level-law-criminal-law-paper-2.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Looza)
  /Subject (A Level Law criminal law paper 2 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A3A3A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F3F3F3}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{A Level Law criminal law paper 2 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Looza} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/213534/cs/46514/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Looza \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/looza} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sentencing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1. Custodial sentencing & Sent to prison-usually for serious crimes e.g. murder robbery- fix term or life imprisonment- can be mandatory or discretionary \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
2.community sentence & Offender remains in community but follows rules e.g. unpaid work (community service), curfews, rehabilitation programs-given for less serious crimes or first time offenders \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. Fines & Offender must pay a sum of money-common for minor offences e.g.traffic violation \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{4. Discharges} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Absolute discharge & No punishment given, but conviction stands \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Conditional discharge & No punishment unless offender commits another offence within a set period \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{FACTORS INFLUENCIING SENTENCING} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
-aggravated factors (harsher sentence) & -use of weapon -previous conviction- vulnerability of victims e.g.g child or elder- racial or religious hostility- planning or premediatation \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sentencing (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-mitigating factors (can reduce sentence) & -no previous conviction- remorse shown by offender- young age or mental illness-cooperation with police-provocation or duress \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Actus reus}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1.Positive Voluntary actions & Defendant must do something voluntary \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Involuntary actions are NOT Actus reus \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & E.g. walking, hitting, stealing- all positive, voluntary actions \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
2. Omission (failure to act) & Failure to act when it is a legal duty to act \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & No legal duty=no liability \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
R v stone and dobinson (omission through relationship) & Failure to take care of child \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
R v gibbons and proctor & Duty from relationship, parents starved child to death \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
R v. Miller & Duty from dangerous situations set mattress on fire \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. Causation & Must be proven that defendant caused prohibited consequences \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Factual causation} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
"But for test" & But for the defendants conduct, would the result have occurred? \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Actus reus (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
R v white & Intended to poison mother but she foiled of heart attack instead-not guilty of murder \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
Legal causation & Act must be a significant cause of conseq \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{-defendant act don't have to be cause, just more than minimal} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Chain of causation must remain intact} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Intervening at can break chain of unforseeable or disproportionate} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
R v pagettt & Girlfriend as human shield as an act of self defence \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.12 cm} x{4.88 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Aim and purpose of sentencing}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1.retribution & Punishment as payback or revenge-offender "deserves" to be punished \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
2.deterrence & {\bf{general deterrence}} to discourage others in society- {\bf{individual deterrence}} to stop particular offenders from reoffending \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{3.rehabilitation} & Help offenders reform and integrate into society \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
4.protection of the public & Keep dangerous offenders away-imprisonment \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
5.reparation & Compensate the victim or society thru fines or community service \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Non fatal offences}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{1.Assault} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Actus reus & Causing apprehension of immediate unlawful harm \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Means rea & Intention or subjective recklessness \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
R v ireland & Silent calls repeatedly  can amount to assault if causing substantial psychological harm \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{2.Battery} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Actus reus & Application of unlawful force to another person-even the slightest unconsented touch \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mens rea & Intention or subjective recklessnes \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Collins v wilcock & Grabbed woman's hand without any legal justification \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Actual Bodily Harm & ABH s.47 OAPA \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Actus reus & Either assault or battery that causes substantial bodily harm e.g. bruises, cuts, recognised psychiatric harm \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mens rea & Of assault or battery;intension to commit either with foreseen ABH \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
R v Miller & Defined ABH "any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with health or comfort) \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Non fatal offences (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Grievous Bodily Harm & GBH s.20 OAPA-malicious wounding or inflicting GBH \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Actus reus & Unlawfully wounds, inflicts grievous bodily harm. "Really serious harm" \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mens rea & Must me reckless as to causing some harm-not necessarily s \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
DPP v Smith & GBH defined as VERY SERIOUS PHYSICAL HARM \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
R v Bollom & GBH should take into account age and health of victim, baby injuries treated more seriously \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
R v Parmenter & Injured baby by handiling roughly . Did not foresee harm. Court held under s.20d must for see harm even if not serious \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
GBH with intent & S.18 OAPA \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
Actus reus & Unlawful wounds or inflicts grievous bodily harm-serious harm (same as GBH) \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mens rea & Specific intent to cause grievous bodily harm. Or intent to resist. Or prevent lawful apprehension or any persons Much more serious \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.2 cm} x{4.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hierarchy of non fatal offences}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
OFFENCE & MAX SENTENCE \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
S.18 GBH & Life \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
s.20 GBH & 5 years \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
s.47 ABH & 5years \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Battery & 6months \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Assault & 6 months \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mens Rea}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Refers to the defendants state of mind at the time of the crime} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Shows intent, knowledge, recklessness, or belief about crime} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Prosecution must prove Mens Rea along with Actus reus} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Types of men's rea} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{1.intention} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Direct intention: defendants main aim to bring specific consequences & Oblique intention :consequences is not main aim but is virtually certain side effect e.g. r v woolin in baby thrown into pram \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2.recklessness & Defendant did action for seeing there was a risk but still went ahead-key test is subjective \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
R v cunningham & D pulled gas's meter off causing gas's leak and endangered neighbours though normal ppl forsee risk \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. Knowledge and belief & In some cases it's enough to believe or know certain things even if they did not intent full consequences \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mens Rea (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{WHY DOES MENS REA MATTER?} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Show culpability-generally can't without right mental} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Different crimes require different levels of Mens rea} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Some offences are strict liability (no means Rea needed) but most not} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}