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% Document Info
\author{lonnieRCH}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (importance-of-atp.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (lonnieRCH)
  /Subject (Importance of ATP Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Importance of ATP Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{lonnieRCH} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/208046/cs/44926/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}lonnieRCH \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/lonnierch} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 7th November, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structure and roles of ATP}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Adenine triphosphate}} belongs to a group of molecules called {\bf{nucleotides.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{It is made from {\bf{ribose}} and {\bf{adenine}} (ribulose) and {\bf{3 phosphates.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{It is the {\bf{universal energy carrier}} (used in all reactions in all organisms), and {\bf{releases energy}} in small quantities {\bf{(30.6kJ per mol)}} via a one-step reaction when the {\bf{high energy bond}} between the {\bf{second}} and {\bf{third phosphate group}} is {\bf{broken.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{This {\bf{hydrolysis}} reaction is {\bf{hydrolysed}} by the enzyme {\bf{ATPase.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structure of ATP}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lonnierch_1730983198_structure of ATP.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structure of ATP}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{When {\bf{ATP}} is {\bf{hydrolysed}}, it provides {\bf{energy}} for a {\bf{wide range}} of processes including: {\bf{protein synthesis}}, {\bf{active transport}} and {\bf{mitosis.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.204 cm} x{2.66 cm} x{2.736 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparison of ATP synthesis in mito and chloro}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Features}} & {\bf{Mitochondria}} & {\bf{Chloroplasts}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Mechanism & Uses {\bf{energy}} carried by {\bf{electrons}} to pump {\bf{protons}} across the membrane, they then flow back through {\bf{stalked particles}} & Uses electron energy to pump protons across the membrane, which then flow back through stalked particles \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Enzyme involved & {\bf{ATP synthase}} & {\bf{ATP synthase}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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Proton gradient & From {\bf{inter-membrane space}} to {\bf{matrix}} & From {\bf{thylakoid space}} to {\bf{stroma}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 4
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Site of electron transport chain &  & {\bf{Thylakoid membrane}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 5
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Co-enzyme involved & FAD, NAD &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 6
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Terminal electron acceptor &  & {\bf{NAPD}} and {\bf{H+}} (non-cyclic \seqsplit{photophosphorylation)} and {\bf{chlorophyll+}} (cyclic \seqsplit{photophosphorylation)} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/lonnierch_1730983525_structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The mitochondria and chloroplast membranes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{During {\bf{photosynthesis}} and {\bf{respiration}}, {\bf{ATP}} is made when {\bf{protons}} are pumped {\bf{across membranes}} using {\bf{energy}} from {\bf{electrons}} to create an {\bf{electrochemical}} or {\bf{proton gradient.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{When the {\bf{protons flow}} back through the {\bf{stalked particles}} down the {\bf{concentration gradient}}, by a process known as {\bf{chemiosmosis}}, {\bf{ATP synthase}} phosphorylates {\bf{ADP}} into {\bf{ATP.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In {\bf{chloroplasts}} this occurs on the {\bf{thylakoid membranes}}, whereas in {\bf{mitochondria}} it occurs on the {\bf{inner membrane}} or {\bf{cristae.}}} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The {\bf{electrons}} pass from the {\bf{proton pumps}} to a {\bf{terminal electron acceptor}}: in {\bf{mitochondria}} this is {\bf{oxygen}}, in {\bf{chloroplasts}} it is in the {\bf{coenzyme NADP}} or {\bf{chlorophyll.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
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\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of phosphorylation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Phosphorylation}} is the {\bf{addition}} of a {\bf{phosphate group}} or {\bf{ion}} to a {\bf{molecule.}}} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In {\bf{respiration}} and {\bf{photosynthesis}} {\bf{ADP}} is the molecule most often {\bf{phosphorylated}}, but other molecules can be {\bf{phosphorylated}}, e.g. {\bf{glucose in glycolysis}} forming {\bf{glucose diphosphate.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{This makes the {\bf{glucose more reactive}} and {\bf{easier to split}} as it {\bf{lowers}} the {\bf{activation energy}} of the {\bf{reaction}} involved.} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. {\bf{Oxidative phosphorylation.}} This occurs when a {\bf{phosphate ion}} is added to {\bf{ADP}} using {\bf{energy}} from {\bf{electron loss}} i.e. {\bf{oxidation}} reactions.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{2. {\bf{Photophosphorylation.}} The {\bf{energy}} that powers the {\bf{proton pump}} and {\bf{electron transport chain}} in {\bf{chloroplasts}} comes from {\bf{light}}, hence {\bf{ATP}} in {\bf{chloroplasts}} is {\bf{synthesised}} by {\bf{photophosphorylation.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{3. {\bf{Substrate level phosphorylation.}} This occurs when {\bf{phosphate groups}} are transferred from {\bf{donor molecules}}, e.g. {\bf{phosphate}} is transferred from {\bf{glycerate-3-phosphate}} to {\bf{ADP}} in {\bf{glycolysis}} of {\bf{respiration.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.4 cm} x{5.6 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Key Terms}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Chemiosmosis} & The {\bf{flow of protons}} down an {\bf{electrochemical}} gradient, through {\bf{ATP synthase}}, coupled with the {\bf{synthesis of ATP}} from {\bf{ADP}} and a {\bf{phosphate ion.}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
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Activation energy & The {\bf{energy}} needed to start a {\bf{chemical reaction.}} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}