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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{liviabrookes}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (genetics.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (liviabrookes)
  /Subject (Genetics Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Genetics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{liviabrookes} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/164261/cs/34418/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}liviabrookes \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/liviabrookes} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 19th October, 2022.\\
   Updated 19th October, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.64241 cm} x{3.33459 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Genetic Code}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Chromosomes}} & structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Genes}} & sections of chromosomes/DNA that code for our characteristics \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Alleles}} & alternatives forms of a gene \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Trait}} & a genetically determined characteristic or condition \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Homologous Pair}} & a pair of 2 chromosomes: 1 from the mother and 1 from the father \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Organism}} & an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Genotype}} & the combination of alleles that an organism has \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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{\bf{Phenotypes}} & the characteristic produced by the genotype \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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{\bf{Dominant Allele}} & always expressed (shows the trait) if present (eg. B) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 9
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{\bf{Recessive Allele}} & only expressed when the dominant allele is absent (eg. b) \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 10
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{\bf{Homozygous}} & having two identical alleles (eg. bb) \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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{\bf{Heterozygous}} & having two different alleles (eg. Bb) \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{DNA carries the genetic information in a cell. A gene and an allele are both made of DNA. A gene is a length of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic, whereas an allele is the alternative form of a gene containing a different base sequence. A gene for a characteristic consists of two alleles.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNA Structure}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{DNA}} & genetic material stored in the nucleus of cells \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Nucleus}} & contains the chromosomes \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{DNA Structure}} & double helix which consists of {\bf{nucleotide}} subunits \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
See diagram of DNA structure here: & \seqsplit{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DNA-structure-and-bases.png} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Complementary Base Pairing}} & there are four bases, two pairs: \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Adenine (A) & Thymine (T) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 6
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Guanine (G) & Cytosine (C) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Remember adenine pairs with thymine as 'Apples grow on Trees'. \newline Remember guanine pairs with cytosine as 'Carrots grow in the Ground'.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Why is variation important?}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Variation increases the chance of survival of a species if there is a change in the environmental pressure.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Without variation in a species any sudden environmental change can mean that no individual has a phenotype that allows it to survive, causing the species to become extinct.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pure Breeding}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{An organism that always passes down certain phenotypic traits to its offspring of many generations. The organisms's parents and ancestors all belong to the same breed.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Pure bred genotypes are always homozygous.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{genotype of parent 1: PP, genotype of parent 2: PP} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{genotypic ratio of the offspring: 4PP, 0pp, 0Pp} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{phenotypic ratio of the offspring: 4purple, 0white} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In pigs, curly tails are dominant. To work out if a curly-tailed pig is homozygous dominant or heterozygous for this trait, mate the curly-tailed pig with a straight-tailed pig. We know the straight-tailed pig's genotype is tt. If any offspring have straight tails we know the curly-tailed pig is heterozygous because they must be carrying the recessive allele for a recessive offspring to be produced. If no offspring have straight tails it is likely that the curly-tailed pig is TT.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.09494 cm} x{3.88206 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Meiosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Haploid}} & a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. \tn 
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% Row 1
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{\bf{Meiosis}} & a type of cell division that produces 4 gametes (sex cells- sperm and egg) each with only half the number of chromosomes (23). \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{There are two main ways meiosis produces variation:} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{1. Crossing Over}}} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{2. Independent Assortment}}} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{These steps are important because they mix up allele combinations, causing variation.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}