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% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{Lianner}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (present-perfect-esl.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Lianner)
  /Subject (Present Perfect ESL Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Present Perfect ESL Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Lianner} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/146130/cs/33276/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Lianner \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/lianner} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 20th July, 2022.\\
   Updated 16th November, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Experiences}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: I've travalled a lot} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We can use 'ever' to ask questions about life experiences} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: Have you ever visited Africa?} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We can use 'never' for negatives sentences. It means 'not in your life'} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: I've never seen a ghost} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We can use 'before' to say if it's not the first time} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: We've been to this restaurant before} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present Perfect form}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The present perfect is formed with the auxilairy {\bf{'to have'}} and the {\bf{past participle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Postive: We've hidden it/ She's got the present for Andy} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Negative: They haven't found it/ He hasn't seen his boss today} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Question: Have they forgotten it?/ Has she received the letter?} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Don't forget the third person singular of 'to have' is * has*} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{In order to sound more fluent make sure to use contractions in positive \& negative sentences} \tn 
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% Row 6
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{The past participle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Regular verbs: + ed - TO LISTEN, LISTENED, {\bf{LISTENED}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Irregular verbs: learn by heart {\bf{SORRY}} :)} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present Perfect vs Past Simple}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Present Perfect & Past simple \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
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1. Single or repeated actions in the past when we don't know the date of the action or it isn't important & 1. Single or repeated actions when we know the definite time \tn 
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% Row 2
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Example: I've driven an automatic car before & Example: I drove a race car last summer \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Time expressions: before, ever, already, just and yet & Time expressions: yesterday, last week, in 2018 etc. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2. Situations that started in the past and are still continuing & 2. Situations that started and finished in the past \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 5
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Example: Tom has worked in the shop for 2 years & Example: Tom worked in the shop for 2 years \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
With- {\emph{for}} or {\emph{since}} & With- {\emph{for}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 7
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For -period of time & Since- starting point \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 8
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Time expressions: {\bf{for}} 2 months, 1 year, a long time & Time esxpressions: {\bf{since}} 1968, June, I was 8 years old \tn 
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% Row 9
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3. One or more completed actions in a time period that is continuing & 3. One or more completed actions in a time period that is finished \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present Perfect vs Past Simple (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Example: He's sold 15 cars this month & Example: He sold 15 cars last month \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 11
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Time expressions: this morning, this week, today, so far etc. & Time expressions: yesterday, last week, ago etc. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Present Perfect Use}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We use the present perfect in two ways: Describing {\bf{experiences}} in our lives up to now and {\bf{results}} in the present} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Results}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: My car's broken down} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We can use 'just' to mean ' a short time ago'} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: They've just arrived} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We can use 'already' to mean 'before expected'} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: Yes, I know Sarah, we've already met} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We can use 'recently' to mean 'in the last few days or months} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: What's the cinema like now? I don't know, I haven't been there recently} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We can use 'yet' in questions and negative sentences for something that is expected to happen but hasn't happened at the time of speaking} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: Have you spoken to Julie yet? No, not yet} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{We use 'still' in negative sentence when an action is expected to happen but hasn't} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Example: I gave my teacher my homework last week, but she still hasn't marked it} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other uses of Present Perfect}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Unfinished}} time period & To talk about actions that are still continuing \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Today, this week, this morning etc. & Example: I've sent 100 emails this week (it's still this week) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
So far = up to now & Example: She's made 5 phone calls so far this afternoon \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Compare: I've drunk two coffees this morning (it's still the morning) & I drank two coffees this morning (its now the afternoon) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Repeated actions}} (They may happen again) & One time actions (unlikely to be repeated) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Example: I've watched a lot of Netflix this week & I watched Die Hard this week \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Superlatives - often used with {\emph{ever}} & This is the best football match I've ever seen \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}