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  /Title (buss5020-week-4-02-09-19.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (letswork)
  /Subject (BUSS5020: WEEK 4 (02/09/19) Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{BUSS5020: WEEK 4 (02/09/19) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 2nd September, 2019.\\
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Last weeks content}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Types of government: Federal and Unitry & Federal and Unitary \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Four types of risk: Affects how a business operates & Policies, Procedural (tax), Distributive, Catastrophic (disasters) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Case example -Iphone}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{iPhone generations changing in colour from black to colourful} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Who are the markets and who do they appeal to. The use of colours is important for specific countries, age and gender e.g. Asia likes bright phones (There biggest market is Asia so they use demographics to figure out what colours they like)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lesson so far}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Markets are not the same between countries & Markets are not the same within countries \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
It's important to use properly sampled data & Variation between and within countries can include income, age, sex, ethnicity, culture and preferences \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{How does this affect businesses? \newline We need to think about what sort of product to offer, and how the nature of and change in conditions in our \newline target market may affect our ability to profitably produce (supply) and sell it (demand)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is an Institution?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Formal and informal rules governing the way society works, thus affecting the business environment} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{"Systems of established and prevalent social rules that structure social interactions} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A complex of positions, roles, norms and values lodged in particular types of social \newline structures and organising relatively stable patterns of human resources with respect \newline to fundamental problems in….sustaining viable societal structures within a given \newline environment}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Summary of Lecture}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Demographics and demographic trends have a direct influence on business' future} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Demographic analysis can help businesses look into the future: consumers \& labour force} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ageing as a major challenge} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The role of immigration} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Demographic data are easily accessible and the dynamics behind it are not overly complex} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The role of institutions in doing business, particularly when going abroad} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.23505 cm} x{1.74195 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Breaking down Demographics}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Regions, provinces, states, cities & Broad segmentation \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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County, prefecture & More specific \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Post code & Very specific \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{This is good for looking at median income to find where the people are. If you know how much someone is earning it is quite easy to target you product to that area or post code.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{2.73735 cm} p{2.23965 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Class activity - BMW}}  \tn
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Gender & Males \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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Income & High \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
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Age & 40 \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Married} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Growing children} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Active or family centric lifestyle} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Trying to sell a BMW 5 series, who should we target}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Urbanisation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities compared to rural areas.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{In what way could levels of urbanisation matter for businesses? \newline Where does my target group live? \newline Where can I find employees?}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basic demographic measures}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Working age population: number of people aged 15-64} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Dependent population: (number of people 0-14) + (number of people aged 65+)} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Total dependency ratio*: (dependent population) / (working age population)} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Businesses and demographic changes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A changing demography can lead to potential opportunities or a need to change business strategy} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A country may have an ageing population, but there may be relatively youthful areas where demand for aged-care services is low} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A country may have a rapidly growing economy, but there may be poorer areas where demand for luxury goods is low} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Alternatively, a country may have a relatively low per-capita income, but there may still be a section of the population wealthy enough to afford luxury goods.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{There are many more demographic related factors, but you need to work out which demographic changes are most relevant for your business}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Do institutions matter to business?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Institutions shape the society in which businesses operate, as well as the culture of the people the business works with or sells to.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Institutions as agents of socialisation shape consumer preferences} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Institutions have strong influence over the size, quality and composition of the workforce (e.g. education levels, labour laws, legal retirement age, anti- discrimination laws, cultural preferences, \&c.)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Institutions enable or constrain business activities} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Why businesses study demographics?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Product Segmentation} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Decide where and when to locate products and services.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Explain what is driving changes in demand} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Identify patterns to understand where demand will be greatest} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Quantify demand for products and services, now and in the future} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Class exercise: Average Demographics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Australia Average person: Female, 38, Anglo-Celtic, Married with 2 children, Roman Catholic, Finished high school, \$1700 income pw, 40 hrs per week, net worth \$740,000, holiday location New Zealand, Toyota & America Average person: Female, 38, Went to college, no degree, White, Single with 2 children, protestant Christian, English tongue, 35 hours per week, \$1000usd per week in income, net worth \$300,000, holiday location Florida, Toyota & China Average Person: Male, 35, Married with one child, no religion, finished middle school, 40hr per week, 60,000 RMB per year, Net worth \$25,000, holiday Beijing or Shanghai \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 18)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How age dependency affects businesses?}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Labour force} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Taxation rates} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Aged-care market & Massive industry \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Other products?} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ageing/shrinking societies}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rapid Growth & Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Guatamala \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Slow growth & U.S, AUS, CAN \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Zero Growth & Spain, Austria, Italy \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Negative Growth & Germany, Bulgaria, Sweden \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The State}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A product of national history, culture, as well as other institutions} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Directly responsible for shaping political structures, economic policies, social policies, infrastructure, \&c. and one of the few institutions that can mandate change} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Legal and administrative institutions ideally create an enabling environment for business but can also restrain business} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Indirect influence over legal structures, capital and labour markets, industrial relations and unions} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Events that can shape institutions and values}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{War} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Immigration policies that import other cultural values} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{State ideology and policies} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}