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% Document Info
\author{lcheong}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (pseudocode.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (lcheong)
  /Subject (Pseudocode Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Pseudocode Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{lcheong} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/59690/cs/15631/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}lcheong \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/lcheong} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 30th April, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Declaring Variables and Constants}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{Variables are assigned using the = operator e.g. {\emph{x = 3}}.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{Local variables}} & \{\{bl\}\}Variables declared inside a function or procedure are local to that subroutine. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{Global variables}} & \{\{bl\}\}Variables in the main program can be made global with the keyword global. E.g. {\bf{GLOBAL userid = 123.}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{Constants}} & \{\{bl\}\}The values of constants do not change throughout the program. \{\{nl\}\}E.g. {\bf{CONST Vat = 20.}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.224 cm} x{1.584 cm} x{2.808 cm} x{1.584 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Data Types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Integer}} & VAR age as INTEGER & Whole numbers only & 0, 6, 10293, -999 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Real or Float}} & VAR price as REAL & Numbers that have a decimal point & 0.15, -5.87, 100.0 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Char}} & VAR letter as CHAR & A single letter, number, symbol & "A", "k", "5", "-", "\$" \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{String}} & VAR name as STRING & Used to represent text, it is a collection of characters & \seqsplit{"FsTmQ2"}, \seqsplit{"\$money\$"} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Boolean}} & VAR \seqsplit{numFound} as BOOLEAN & Could take one of two values, usually TRUE or FALSE & \seqsplit{True/False}, 1/0, Yes/No \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.32 cm} x{3.68 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Casting Variables}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{You can change the data type of a variable by using casting.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Converting integer 3 to string.}} & \{\{bl\}\}str(3) returns "3" \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Converting string "3" to integer.}} & \{\{bl\}\}int("3") returns 3 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Converting string "3.14" to float.}} & \{\{bl\}\}float("3.14") returns 3.14 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{String Handling}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{Finding the length of a string}} & \{\{bl\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}VAR name as STRING \{\{nl\}\} name = INPUT("Enter your name") \{\{nl\}\} PRINT("Your name has" + name.length + "characters") \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{Getting a substring}} & \{\{bl\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}stringname.subString(startingPosition, numberOfCharacters) \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{NB}} The string will start with the {\bf{0}}th  character. \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Example:}}\{\{nl\}\}someText = "Computer Science" \{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{PRINT(someText.length)} \{\{nl\}\} \seqsplit{PRINT(someText.substring(3},3)) \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Will display:}} \{\{nl\}\} 16 \{\{nl\}\} put \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 16)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Extracting a specific chatacter from a string}} & \{\{bl\}\}name{[}i{]} \{\{nl\}\} {\bf{Example:}} \{\{nl\}\} name = "Paloma" \{\{nl\}\} name{[}3{]} returns "o" \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Converting to uppercase}} & \{\{bl\}\}name.UPPER() \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{String Handling (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Converting to lowercase}} & \{\{bl\}\}name.LOWER() \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.84 cm} x{6.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Taking inputs from user}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Inputs taken from a user need to be stored in a variable.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Example:}} & VAR name as STRING \{\{nl\}\} name = INPUT("Enter your name") \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Outputting to screen}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Outputting a string}} & \{\{bl\}\}PRINT("Hello") \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Outputting a variable set by you}} & \{\{bl\}\}word = ("Hello") \{\{nl\}\} PRINT(word) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Outputting a variable entered by the user}} & \{\{bl\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}VAR name as STRING \{\{nl\}\} name = INPUT("What is your name?") \{\{nl\}\} PRINT("Hello" + name) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1-Dimensional Arrays}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Declaring an array}} & \{\{bl\}\}ARRAY names{[}5{]} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Initialising an array - filling it up with values}} & \{\{bl\}\}names{[}0{]} = "Ahmad" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}1{]} = "Ben" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}2{]} = "Catherine" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}3{]} = "Dana" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}4{]} = "Elijah" \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Displaying a specific item from an array}} & \{\{bl\}\}PRINT(names{[}3{]}) \{\{nl\}\} will display "Dana" \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Displaying ALL items in an array - method 1}} & \{\{bl\}\}FOR i = 0 to 5\{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT(names{[}i{]})\{\{nl\}\} NEXT i \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Displaying ALL items in an array - method 2}} & \{\{bl\}\}ARRAY names{[}5{]} \{\{nl\}\}names{[}0{]} = "Ahmad" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}1{]} = "Ben" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}2{]} = "Catherine" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}3{]} = "Dana" \{\{nl\}\} names{[}4{]} = "Elijah"\{\{nl\}\}PRINT(names) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 9)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Dynamically inserting values in an array}} & \{\{bl\}\}{\bf{E.g. Ask the user to enter 5 names}} \{\{nl\}\} FOR i = 0 to 5\{\{nl\}\}~~~names{[}i{]} = INPUT("Enter name:") \{\{nl\}\} NEXT i \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{1-Dimensional Arrays (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Performing calculations on one Array element}} & \{\{bl\}\}{\bf{E.g. Increase element 2 of ARRAY age by 10: }} age{[}2{]} = age{[}2{]} + 10 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Performing calculations on Array elements}} & \{\{bl\}\}{\bf{E.g. Increase {\emph{ALL}} the values in ARRAY ages by 2: }}\{\{nl\}\} FOR i = 0 to 4 \{\{nl\}\} ~~~ age{[}i{]} = age{[}i{]} + 2 \{\{nl\}\} NEXT i \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2-Dimensional Arrays}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Note: }} & {\bf{{\emph{Refer to CGP Page 50}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Declaring a 2D array}} & A 2D array is built as ARRAY(row, column)\{\{nl\}\} ARRAY score{[}4,5{]} \{\{nl\}\} builds an array of 4 rows, 5 columns. \{\{nl\}\} This can be interpreted as 4 Tests, 5 Students \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Initialising a 2D array - filling it up with values}} & score{[}0,0{]} = "15" \{\{nl\}\} Sets score 15 to Test 0, Student 0 \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Displaying a specific item from a 2D array}} & PRINT(score{[}1,3{]}) \{\{nl\}\} will display 14 \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Dynamically inserting values in an array}} & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{E.g. Ask the user to enter all the scores }} \{\{nl\}\} FOR i = 0 to 3\{\{nl\}\}~~~ FOR j = 0 to 4 \{\{nl\}\}~~~~~~score{[}i,j{]} = INPUT("Enter score for Test " + i + " Student " + j + ": ") \{\{nl\}\} ~~~~NEXT j \{\{nl\}\}NEXT i \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 15)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sub Programs - Functions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Functions take at least one parameter and they must always return a value.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} Write a function to join two strings together with a space between them and show it working on the strings "computer" and "science".} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{FUNCTION join\_strings(x as STRING, y as STRING) as STRING\{\{nl\}\}~~~RETURN x + " " + y\{\{nl\}\}ENDFUNCTION} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Calling the function from the main program:}} \{\{nl\}\} subject = join\_strings("computer", "science") \{\{nl\}\}PRINT(subject)} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sub Programs - Procedures}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{Procedures don't have to take parameters...}} \{\{nl\}\} PROCEDURE welcome() \{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("Hello and welcome.")\{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("Let's learn about procedures.")\{\{nl\}\}ENDPROCEDURE & \{\{bl\}\}\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{...but sometimes they will.}} \{\{nl\}\} PROCEDURE betterwelcome(name as STRING) \{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("Hello" + name + "and welcome.")\{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("Let's learn about procedures.")\{\{nl\}\}ENDPROCEDURE \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Procedures are called by typing their name... & \{\{bl\}\}...and giving an argument if necessary \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
welcome() & \{\{bl\}\}betterwelcome("Pablo") \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Will display:}} \{\{nl\}\} Hello and welcome. \{\{nl\}\} Let's Learn about procedures. & \{\{bl\}\}{\bf{Will display:}} \{\{nl\}\} Hello Pablo and welcome. \{\{nl\}\} Let's Learn about procedures. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Note that procedures {\bf{DO NOT}} return a value}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Handling - Writing to a file}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Adding a line of text to a file}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{myFile = openWrite("sample.txt") \{\{nl\}\} myFile.writeline("Hello World") \{\{nl\}\} myFile.close()} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{File Handling - Reading from a file}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reading and outputting a single line from the text file}} (see further details in CGP Pg 51)} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{myFile = openRead("sample.txt") \{\{nl\}\} x = myFile.readLine() \{\{nl\}\} myFile.close()} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reading and outputting the whole contents of a text file}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{myFile = openRead("sample.txt") \{\{nl\}\} while NOT myFile.endOfFile() \{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT(myFile.readLine()) \{\{nl\}\}ENDWHILE \{\{nl\}\} myFile.close()} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparison operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{==}}\{\{br\}\} & Equal to \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{!=}}\{\{br\}\} & Not equal to \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{\textless{}}}\{\{br\}\} & Less than \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{\textless{}=}}\{\{br\}\} & Less than or equal to \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{\textgreater{}}}\{\{br\}\} & Greater than \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{\textgreater{}=}}\{\{br\}\} & Greater than or equal to \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.2 cm} x{6.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arithmetic operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{+}} & Addition \{\{nl\}\}\{\{bl\}\}{\bf{e.g.  x=6+5  gives 11}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{-}} & Subtraction \{\{nl\}\}\{\{bl\}\}{\bf{e.g.  x=6-5  gives 1}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{*}} & Multiplication \{\{nl\}\}\{\{bl\}\}{\bf{e.g.  x=12*2  gives 24}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{/}} & Division \{\{nl\}\}\{\{bl\}\}{\bf{e.g.  x=12/2  gives 6}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{MOD}} & Modulus \{\{nl\}\}\{\{bl\}\}{\bf{e.g.  12MOD5  gives 2}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{DIV}} & Quotient \{\{nl\}\}\{\{bl\}\}{\bf{e.g.  17DIV5  gives 3}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{\textasciicircum{}}} & Exponentiation \{\{nl\}\}\{\{bl\}\}{\bf{e.g.  3\textasciicircum{}4  gives 81}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.2 cm} x{6.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Boolean operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{AND}} & \{\{bl\}\}If two or more statements are true. \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{OR}} & \{\{bl\}\}If either statement is true. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{NOT}} & \{\{bl\}\}To reverse the logical results of a statement. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Selection - if/else}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Selection involves making decisions based on a comparison. {\bf{Comparison operators}} are used, sometimes with {\bf{boolean operators}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{IF entry == "A" THEN\{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("You selected A") \{\{nl\}\}ELSEIF entry == "B" THEN \{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("You selected B")\{\{nl\}\}ELSE: \{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("Unrecognised selection") \{\{nl\}\}ENDIF} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Selection - switch/case}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Selection involves making decisions based on a comparison. {\bf{Comparison operators}} are used, sometimes with {\bf{boolean operators}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{SWITCH entry:\{\{nl\}\}~~~CASE "A": \{\{nl\}\}~~~~~~PRINT("You selected A")\{\{nl\}\}~~~CASE "B": \{\{nl\}\}~~~~~~PRINT("You selected B")\{\{nl\}\}~~~DEFAULT: \{\{nl\}\}~~~~~~PRINT("Unrecognised selection") \{\{nl\}\}ENDSWITCH} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iteration - For Loop}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{FOR loops}} will repeat the code inside them a fixed number of times. The number of times that the code repeats will depend on an {\bf{initial value}}, {\bf{end value}}, and the {\bf{step count}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Example: }} \{\{nl\}\} FOR i = 0 to 7 \{\{nl\}\}~~~PRINT("Hello") \{\{nl\}\}NEXT i \{\{nl\}\} Will print hello 8 times (0-7 inclusive).} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iteration - Repeat Loop}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{This loop is controlled by a condition at the {\bf{end of the loop}}. Keep going {\bf{until}} the condition is {\bf{TRUE}} (i.e. while it is false). Always runs the code inside it {\bf{at least once}}. You get an {\bf{infinite loop}} if the condition is {\bf{never true}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Example:}} Write an algorithm that a supermarket self-scan machine could use to check if enough money has been fed into it and output the right amount of change.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{VAR total as INTEGER \{\{nl\}\} total = 0 \{\{nl\}\} VAR cost, coin, change as INTEGER \{\{nl\}\} cost = total cost in pence \{\{nl\}\} REPEAT \{\{nl\}\} ~~~coin = INPUT("Value of coin") \{\{nl\}\} ~~~total = total + coin \{\{nl\}\} UNTIL total \textgreater{}= cost \{\{nl\}\} change = total - cost \{\{nl\}\} OUTPUT change} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iteration - While Loop}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{This loop is controlled by a condition at the {\bf{start of the loop}}. Keep going {\bf{while}} the condition is {\bf{TRUE}} (i.e. until it is false). Never runs the code inside if condition is initially  {\bf{false}}. You get an {\bf{infinite loop}} if the condition is {\bf{always true}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Example:}} Write an algorithm that a supermarket self-scan machine could use to check if enough money has been fed into it and output the right amount of change.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{VAR total as INTEGER \{\{nl\}\} total = 0 \{\{nl\}\} VAR cost, coin, change as INTEGER \{\{nl\}\} cost = total cost in pence \{\{nl\}\} WHILE total \textless{} cost \{\{nl\}\} ~~~coin = INPUT("Value of coin") \{\{nl\}\} ~~~total = total + coin \{\{nl\}\} ENDWHILE \{\{nl\}\} change = total - cost \{\{nl\}\} OUTPUT change} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Iteration - Do While Loop}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{This loop is controlled by a condition at the {\bf{end of the loop}}. Keep going {\bf{while}} the condition is {\bf{TRUE}} (i.e. until it is false). Always runs the code inside it {\bf{at least once}}. You get an {\bf{infinite loop}} if the condition is {\bf{always true}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Example:}} Write an algorithm that a supermarket self-scan machine could use to check if enough money has been fed into it and output the right amount of change.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{VAR total as INTEGER \{\{nl\}\} total = 0 \{\{nl\}\} VAR cost, coin, change as INTEGER \{\{nl\}\} cost = total cost in pence \{\{nl\}\} DO \{\{nl\}\} ~~~coin = INPUT("Value of coin") \{\{nl\}\} ~~~total = total + coin \{\{nl\}\} WHILE total \textless{} cost \{\{nl\}\} OUTPUT change} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}