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  /Title (psyc-chapter-5-conscious-unconscious.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Laraemcekroy)
  /Subject (Psyc chapter 5 - conscious/unconscious Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Psyc chapter 5 - conscious/unconscious Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Laraemcekroy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/168079/cs/35230/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 5th November, 2022.\\
   Updated 5th November, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is consciousness?}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Consciousness:} & A persons subjective experience of the mind and the external world. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Your conscious perception is subjective} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Your conscious perception is the content of your experience} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phenomenology:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{How things seem to the conscious person.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mind body problem:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The issue on how the mind is related to the brain and body.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.54287 cm} x{3.43413 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Divided attention:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Many believe you are not paying attention to many tasks, but instead rapidly switching your attention.} \tn 
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Attentional blink: & A brief slow-down in mental processing after progressing another event. \tn 
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 & Your brain has limited resources for paying attention. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Altered states of conscious:}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Meditation:} & {\bf{concentration meditation:}} you can focus on one thing at a time. \tn 
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 & {\bf{mindfulness meditation:}} you let your thoughts flow freely, focus on them but not reacting. \tn 
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 & - it can lower blood pressure, reduce stress and changes in hormones \tn 
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 & - the brains electrical activity changes and correlates with positive emotional state, better attentional performance or enhanced immune function. \tn 
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Sleep: & {\bf{The pineal gland:}} helps control the circadian cycle of sleep and wakefulness by releasing melatonin \tn 
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 & - bright light detection by the eyes in sent to a small part of the hippocampus then to the pineal gland. \tn 
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 & {\bf{Melatonin:}} travels through the bloodstream and affect receptors in the body. \tn 
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 & Bright lights suppresses the production of melatonin, where darkness triggers the release. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Altered states of conscious: (cont)}}  \tn
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 & When you sleep your brain enters different states from when you are awake and active. \tn 
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Insomnia: & Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. \tn 
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 & Nights when you want to sleep most causes you to become extra sensitive to sleepiness making it harder for you to fall asleep. \tn 
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Sleep apnea: & A person stops breathing for a brief period while sleeping. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Narcolepsy:} & A disorder where sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities. \tn 
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Sleep paralysis: & Experience of waking up, but being unable to move. \tn 
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 & Usually happens when your awake, but before you've regained motor control. \tn 
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Sleep terrors: & Episodes of screaming, having intense fear while sleeping. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Somnambulism:} & Sleepwalking. People usually walk with their eyes open. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Unconsciousness:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Unconscious processing can influence behaviour.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When an unconscious thought is suddenly expressed at an inappropriate time or social context.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Some might reveal unconscious thoughts and desires that can simply be cases of misremembering.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Found basic properties:}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Intentionality:} & Is the quality of being directed towards an object. \tn 
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 & - Consciousness is always {\bf{about}} something. \tn 
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Unity: & The resistance to division or ability to accrue information from all the bodies sense. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Selectivity:} & The capacity to include some objects but not others. \tn 
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 & Shown through {\bf{dichotomy listening}}: \tn 
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 & - People wearing headphones hear different messages in each ear. \tn 
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 & - {\bf{cocktail party phenomenon}}: people tune in some messages while tuning out others. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Transience:} & Consciousness has the ability to change \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Efforts to compress concerns:}}  \tn
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Mental control: & Attempt to change conscious state of mind. \tn 
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Through suppression: & Conscious avoidance of thought. \tn 
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Rebound effect of thought suppression: & The tendency of a thought to return to the consciousness with greater frequency. \tn 
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Ironic processes of mental control: & Occurs because the mental process that monitors errors can itself produce them. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Brain injury:}}  \tn
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Coma: & Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. When people emerge from a coma; do not respond to external stimuli for more than a month. \tn 
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Brain death: & Irreversible loss of brain function. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Stimulants:}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{Stimulants:} & Substances that excite the CNS, heightening arousal and activity levels \tn 
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 & - caffeine, amphetamines, nicotine, and cocaine. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Depressants:}}  \tn
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Depressants: & Substances that reduce the activity of the CNS. \tn 
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Expectancy theory: & Alcohol effects can be produced by peoples expectations of how alcohol will influence them in certain situations. \tn 
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Alcohol myopia theory: & Hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to difficult situations. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The dreaming brain:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Your brain is smart enough to realize its not actually seeing those weird images, but instead dreaming.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The motor cortex, visual association, brain stem and more are activated during REM sleep.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The prefrontal cortex is deactivated during REM sleep.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Freud;s view: dreaming:}}  \tn
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Dreams hold meaning: & Could be anxiety related or wishes. \tn 
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Latent content: & A dreams true meaning. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Activation-synthesis} model: & The brain imposes meaning on fandoms neural activity. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Freudian unconscious:}}  \tn
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Dynamic unconscious: & Contain thoughts, feelings, and desires that were denied to conscious awareness because of psychological force. \tn 
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Repression: & Removes all unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious. \tn 
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Cognitive unconscious: & Gives rise to a persons thoughts, choices, emotions and behaviours, even though they are not experienced by the person. \tn 
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Dual process theories: & We have two different systems in our brain for processing information. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conscious disorders:}}  \tn
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Coma: & Deep sleep state, no response to things. \tn 
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Vegetive state: & Regular periods of time when people appear to be "awake." \tn 
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Minimally conscious state: & People can respond but inconsistently to sensory stimulation. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Levels of consciousness:}}  \tn
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Minimal \seqsplit{consciousness:} & A low-level of sensory awareness. Occurs when the mind inputs sensations and outputs behaviours. \tn 
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Full \seqsplit{consciousness:} & You know and are able to report your mental state. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Self-consciousness:} & A distinct level of consciousness in a person towards themselves. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blindsight:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some people lose their vision due to damages to their primary visual cortex.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Some find a "second sight." Their unconscious mins guide their behaviour correctly.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Selective attention:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Attending to one thing while ignoring others.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{You only consciously experience the content of the text you pay attention to.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{When you try to ignore many of the things and events around you to focus on one.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The stimuli you try to ignore are distractions that must be eliminated or excluded.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The mental process of eliminating those distractions is called filtering or selecting.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Conscious perception:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Although you see all these things, you are only consciously aware of a few.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Binocular rivalry:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Two dissimilar images are presented simultaneously to each eye and your conscious perception alternates.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sleep and dreaming:}}  \tn
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Altered state of consciousness: & A change in ones normal mental state as a result of trauma or accident or included through medication, drugs, etc. \tn 
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Circadian rhythm: & A naturally occurring 24 hour cycle. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Daydreaming and the brains default network:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A state of consciousness in which random thoughts come to mind} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Your brain is always active} \tn 
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Default mode network: & Activations of brain areas when people day dream \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{When you are working on mental/cognitive tasks, DMN tents to decrease.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{The DMN is also connected to our feelings and self-perception. It plays a role in overall happiness.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Mindfulness meditation is an effective way to reduce DMN activity.} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.04057 cm} x{2.93643 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Hemispatial neglect:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Disorder of attention.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Deficit in attention to and awareness of one side of the visual field.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{They often have no sensory loss. No visual deficit.} \tn 
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Kept neglect is more common: & Caused by the left side of the brain \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Some brain regions in the parietal and temporal lobes are associated with neglect.} \tn 
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Egocentric neglect: & Never "sees" what is on their left side even when they change perspective. \tn 
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Allocentric neglect: & Never "sees" the left side of any object. \tn 
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Motor neglect: & Failure to move one side of the body when there is no paralysis. \tn 
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Tactile neglect: & Inattention to tactile stimuli on one side of the body. \tn 
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Auditory neglect: & Inattention to sounds on one side of space. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.74195 cm} x{3.23505 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Unconscious processing can influence perception:}}  \tn
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Priming: & When the response to a stimulus is influenced by recent experience with that stimulus. \tn 
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 & - it can influence how you perceive an object. \tn 
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Subliminal perception: & When stimuli are processed by sensory systems, but does not reach the conscious. \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.53827 cm} x{2.43873 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Information in the unattended ear:}}  \tn
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People cannot report the contents of the message in the unattended ear, but: & They know that there was a message \tn 
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 & They know the gender of the speaker. \tn 
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 & Some superficial nature of the speech. \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Drugs and consciousness:}}  \tn
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Psychoactive drugs: & Chemicals that influence consciousness behaviour by altering the brains chemical message system. \tn 
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Drug tolerance: & tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect. \tn 
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Physical dependence: & Unpleasant physical symptoms from withdrawal due to drug use. \tn 
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Psychological dependence: & Desire to return to drugs even when physical symptoms are gone. \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Problem of other minds:}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{We lack the ability to directly perceive the consciousness of others} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69218 cm} x{3.28482 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Narcotics:}}  \tn
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Narcotics ad opiates: & Highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieves pain. \tn 
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 & - reroutes the endorphins. These temporarily flood the endorphins and stop them from producing natrually. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Hallucinogens:} & Later sensation and perception and often causes visual and auditory hallucinogens. \tn 
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Weed: & Contains psyc active drugs called tetrahydrocannabinol. \tn 
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\end{tabularx}
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}