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% Document Info
\author{Laraemcekroy}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (psyc-101-taste-and-smell.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Laraemcekroy)
  /Subject (Psyc 101 taste and smell Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Psyc 101 taste and smell Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Laraemcekroy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/168079/cs/35133/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Laraemcekroy \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/laraemcekroy} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 2nd November, 2022.\\
   Updated 2nd November, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sensing sound}}  \tn
% Row 0
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Pure tone: & A simple wave that consists of regularly alternating regions of higher and lower air pressure. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
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\seqsplit{frequency:} & The sound wave depends on how often the peak in air pressure passes the ear or microphone, measured in cycles per second. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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Pitch: & How high or low a sound is. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\seqsplit{amplitude:} & Sound wave refers to its intensity, relative to the threshold for human hearing. It's perceived as loudness. \tn 
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\seqsplit{complexity:} & Sound waves or the mixture of frequencies influenced by perception of timbre. \tn 
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timbre: & The quality of sound that allows you to distinguish two sources with the same pitch and loudness. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How we experience taste}}  \tn
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Stimuli: & When you bite into something, molecules dissolve in fluid on your tongue. \tn 
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% Row 1
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Receptors: & They are received by taste receptors in taste buds on your tongue and in your mouth and throat. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
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Pathway to the brain: & The taste buds transmits the single along a cranial nerve, through the thalamus to other areas of your brain. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Perceiving taste: \newline - Individual differences in taste perception: \newline                       \textasciitilde{} Super-tasters  \newline                       \textasciitilde{} Non tasters  \newline                       \textasciitilde{} Learning, culture and experiences \newline - Many portions of what we commonly think of as taste actually comes from the sense of smell \newline - 5 basic tastes: \newline                        \textasciitilde{} Salt, sour, bitter, sweet, savoury (umami)}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- the outer ear collects sound waves and funnels them towards the middle ear \newline - the middle ear transmits the vibrations to the inner ear \newline - the inner ear is where they are transduce into neural impulses  \newline - the middle of the ear behind the eardrum contains three small bones called ossicles \newline - the outer area of the ear is called the pinna}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- touch receptors under the skins surface enable us to sense pain, pressure, texture, patterns or vibrations  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
- stimuli: registers the temperature and pressure \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
- receptors: temperature and pressure in your skin transmit that signal \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
- pathway to the brain: along the cranial nerve through the thalamus to the area of the somatosensory cortex that processes the body parts that were touched% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- A multi sensory involving taste, smell and texture.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- learned preferences in food are important in determining flavour and taste experiences dramatically vary widely across individuals% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
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Cochlea: & A fluid-filled tube containing cells that transduce sound vibrations into neural impulses. \tn 
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Basilar membrane: & A structure in the inner ear that moves up and down in time with the vibrations relayed from the ossicles. \tn 
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Travelling wave: & The up and down movement that sound causes in the basilar membrane. \tn 
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Inner hair cells: & Specialized auditory receptor neurons embedded in the basilar membrane. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{The body senses are referred to as the somatosenses} \tn 
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Haptic perception: & Active exploration of the environment by touching and grasping objects with our hands. \tn 
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Vestibular system: & Three fluid-filled semicircular canals and adjacent organs located next to the cochlea in each inner ear; used with visual feedback to maintain balance. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{- Action potentials in the auditory nerve travel to several regions of the brain stem in turn. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
- Cerebral called area A1 - there is some evidence that the auditory cortex is composed of two distinct streams. Roughly analogous to the dorsal and ventral streams of the visual system. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\textasciitilde{} Area A1: the primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
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\seqsplit{Sensation:} & Pressure waves in the cochlea move the basilar membrane stimulating the sensory receptors called hair cells. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Transduction:} & When the hair cells bend, they convert the pressure waves into signals that are sent to the brain by the auditory nerve. \tn 
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\seqsplit{Perception:} & The auditory nerve carries the neural signal first to the thalamus and then to the primary auditory cortex, which processes your perception of the sound. \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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