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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
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% Document Info
\author{koaeks}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-bio-unit-3.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (koaeks)
  /Subject (AP Bio Unit 3 Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
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% Header and Footer
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP Bio Unit 3 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{koaeks} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/197445/cs/41631/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}koaeks \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/koaeks} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 10th December, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzymes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Chemical Properties:}} Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in the human body without them being consumed or altered by the reaction. Enzymes have active sites in which the reactions they catalyze take place.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Enzymes jobs:}} Enzymes increase the rate of reactions in biological organisms.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Environment:}} Changes in pH and temperature to unideal condition will cause enzymes to denature. The high temperature cause harsh movements that cause the enzymes structure to unfold and change. pH can change the bonds between amino acids within the protein also causing the enzyme to change shape. A change in shape means a change in function, causing enzymes to not function anymore.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Energy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Role:}} & Energy is needed in organisms to grow and reproduce as well as maintain their structure and respond to their environments. Energy is mainly used in the form of glucose and ATP \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Survival}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cells have many different kinds of molecule which give organisms a better chance of survival and reproduction in certain environments.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Energy in Animal Cells}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Glycolysis:}} & A series of reactions that extract energy from glucose by splitting it into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate(breaking of glucose). \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Glycolysis does not require oxygen to happen and takes place in the cytosol of a cell. The net products of this reaction is 2 ATP (4 are produced but 2 are used) and two molecules of NADH, as well as two pyruvate which is then either used in fermentation or cellular respiration. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 12)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Fermentation:}} & Fermentation is the process that takes place when oxygen is not present in the cell. It allows glucose to be continuously broken down to make ATP due to the recycling of NADH to NAD+. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Fermentation is the reduction of pyruvate to form lactic acid and the oxidation of NADH to form NAD+. The elctrons form NADH are used to reduce pyruvate to lactic acid. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.89126 cm} x{3.08574 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Energy in Animal Cells (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Cellular Respiration:}} & Cellular respiration happens if oxygen is present in the cell. Pyruvate will enter the mitochondria and go through the Krebs Cycle. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Pyruvate is transformed into an acetyl group in the mitchondria and is activated by coenzyme A which results in Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA is oxidized by NAD+ and FAD which makes NADH and FADH2 along with CO2 excreting the mitochondria. ADP and inorganic phosphate come together to make ATP as well. NADH and FADH2 are used in the ETC to create a proton gradient which is then used by ATP synthase to make ATP. The end product of cellular respiration is water carbon dioxide and ATP(around 38). \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 21)
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Photosynthesis}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Photosynthesis:}} & The process where plants use sunlight, water, and CO2 to create energy in the form of sugar \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Photosynthesis takes place in the thylakoid of chloroplasts. Light shines onto the chlorophyll in PSII, causing electrons to get excited. The electrons then go throught the ETC causing a proton gradient to be made, and protons to enter the thylakoid. The remaining electron who has lost most of its energy is put into PSI and is then energized again by light shining onto the chlorophyll. This charged electron is then used to turn NAD+ into NADH. The protons that were pumped into the thylakoid are used to make ATP through the ATP synthase enzyme. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 21)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Calvin Cycle:}} & CO2 and RuBP are combined together due to the enzyme Rubisco to make two PGA. The ATP and NADPH created from the thylakoid are used to reduce PGA into PGAL. One cycle will create 12 PGALS, but 10 are recycled back into the cycle to make RuBP so that the cycle keeps running. The other tow PGAL come together to make sugar. The main purpose of this cycle is to make energy in the form of sugar for the cell. \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 16)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}