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% Most of the following are not required for the majority
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% Document Info
\author{kmz\_2022}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-biology-unit-5.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (kmz\_2022)
  /Subject (AP Biology: Unit 5 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP Biology: Unit 5 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{kmz\_2022} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/145729/cs/31651/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}kmz\_2022 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/kmz-2022} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 18th April, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.66 cm} x{2.204 cm} x{2.736 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparing Reproduction}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{ASEXUAL vs. SEXUAL}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{asexual}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{similarities}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{sexual}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{br=1\}\}- 1 parent & \{\{br=1\}\}- creates offspring & - 2 parents \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{br=1\}\}- identical genetics & \{\{br=1\}\}- offspring \seqsplit{gorw/develop} & - genetic variation \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{br=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\}- quicker \& less energy & \{\{br=1\}\}- use DNA & \{\{bb=1\}\}- slower \& more energy \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{br=1\}\}{\emph{advantages}} &  & \{\{bl=1\}\}{\emph{advantages}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{br=1\}\}- well-adapted (stable environment) &  & \{\{bl=1\}\}- increased diversity \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{br=1\}\}- large \# offspring quickly &  & \{\{bl=1\}\}- adapt to changed (unstable environment) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{br=1\}\}- reliable (fewer steps) &  & \{\{bl=1\}\}- genetic variation \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{br=1\}\}- no need for a mate &  & \{\{bl=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{br=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\}- less time \& energy & \{\{bb=1\}\} & \{\{bl=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.66 cm} x{2.204 cm} x{2.736 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparing Reproduction (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\{\{ac\}\}{\bf{MEIOSIS vs. MITOSIS}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{meiosis}} & {\bf{similarities}} & {\bf{mitosis}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{br=1\}\}- 2 divisions = 4 daughter cells & \{\{br=1\}\}- interphase & - 1 division = 2 daughter cells \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{br=1\}\}- genetic variation & \{\{br=1\}\}- forms of \seqsplit{reproduction} & - genetically identical \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{br=1\}\}- half \# chromosomes (23) & \{\{br=1\}\}- stage names & - same \# chromosomes (46) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{br=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\}- sex cells/gametes & \{\{br=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\}- somatic cells \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.36 cm} x{4.64 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Meiosis Definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- heredity:}} & transmission of traits from 1 generation to the next \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- gametes:}} & haploid reproductive cells (egg/sperm) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- gene locus:}} & gene's specific location on the length of a chromosome \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- karyotype:}} & display of chromosomes matched up with their pairs (based on length) \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- homologous chromosomes:}} & pair of chromosomes that have the same length, stain pattern, and genes controlling the same characteristics \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- sex chromosome:}} & chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- autosome:}} & chromosome NOT directly involved in determining sex \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{- diploid cell\textasciitilde{}}} & 2 chromosome sets (2n) = 46; somatic cells \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{- haploid cell\textasciitilde{}}} & 1 chromosome set (n) = 23; gametes \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Meiosis Background}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Meiosis I is called?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}↳ reductional division} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Meiosis II is called?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}↳ equational division} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Original source of all genetic diversity?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}↳ mutations} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Term for different version of a gene?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}↳ alleles} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649791065_crossing over.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- crosing over:}} genetic rearrangment between sister chromatids by exchanging corresponding segments of DNA \newline ↳ combining DNA from 2 parents into a single chromosome = {\emph{variation}} \newline {\bf{- independent assortment:}} each pair of homologous chromosomes are positioned independently of other pairs \newline ↳ each daughter cell represents 1 outcome -{}-{}- formula: 2\textasciicircum{}n\textasciicircum{} \newline {\bf{- random fertilization\textasciitilde{}}} \newline ↳ fusion of gametes (2\textasciicircum{}23\textasciicircum{} x 2\textasciicircum{}23\textasciicircum{}) = {\emph{variation}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.2 cm} x{4.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Genetics Definitions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{- blending hypothesis\textasciitilde{}}} & genetic material contributed by both parents mixes (like paint) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{- particulate hypothesis\textasciitilde{}}} & parents pass on genes that retain their separate identities in offspring (like deck of cards) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{- true-breeding strain\textasciitilde{}}} & plants, that after many generation of self-pollination, have produced only the same variety as the parent (homozygous) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- hybridization:}} & crossing of 2 true-breeding varieties \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- P generation:}} & the true-breeding {\emph{parent}} individuals \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- F1 generation:}} & hybrid offspring arising from a parental cross {\emph{('first filial)}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- F2 generation:}} & offspring from the interbreeding of the F1 generation {\emph{(second filial)}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- homozygous:}} & 2 identical alleles \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- heterozygous:}} & 2 different alleles \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- phenotype:}} & physical/physiological traits \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- genotype:}} & genetic makeup/set of alleles \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.2 cm} x{4.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Genetics Definitions (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- testcross:}} & breeding an organism of unknown genotype w/ {\emph{homozygous recessive}} to determine the unknown genotype \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- monohybrid cross:}} & cross between 2 organisms that {\emph{heterozygous}} for the trait \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- dihybrid cross:}} & cross between 2 organisms that are {\emph{heterozygous}} for {\emph{both}} traits \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mendel's 3 Laws}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649792806_mendels laws.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Probability}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649793490_probability.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- multiplication rule of probability:}} probability of independent events occurring at the same time is the {\emph{product of their individual proababilties}} \newline {\bf{- addition rule of probability:}} probability of mutually exclusive events occurring is the {\emph{sum of their individual probabilities}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Incomplete Dominance}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649793815_incomplete dominance.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- incomplete dominance:}} phenotype between both parents \newline ↳ genotype isn't completely dominant \newline ↳ use capital letter with a superscript \newline ↳ C ➜ protein ➜ trait}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Codominance}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649795159_codominance.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- codominance:}} 2 alleles that each affect the phenotype in separate ways \newline ↳ use capital letter and superscript \newline ↳ R' ➜ protein ➜ item A ➜ red \newline ↳ R ➜ protein ➜ item B ➜ pink}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.64 cm} x{3.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Blood Types}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A & I\textasciicircum{}A\textasciicircum{}I\textasciicircum{}A\textasciicircum{}/I\textasciicircum{}A\textasciicircum{}i \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
B & I\textasciicircum{}B\textasciicircum{}I\textasciicircum{}B\textasciicircum{}/I\textasciicircum{}B\textasciicircum{}i \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
O & ii \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
AB & I\textasciicircum{}A\textasciicircum{}I\textasciicircum{}B\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
alleles present= & 3 \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
recessive allele= & O \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
codominant alleles= & A \& B \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sex-linked Genes}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- male =}} XY \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
{\bf{- female =}} XX \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
{\bf{- X inactivation:}} most of 1 X chromosome in each cell becomes inactivated \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
{\bf{- Barr bodies:}} inactive X chromosome condenses \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
{\bf{-gene SRY}} (sex-determining region of Y): Y gene results in a male  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
{\bf{↳}} makes transcription factor that binds to other genes causing them to transcribe \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
{\bf{- sex-linked genes:}} genes on sex chromosomes  \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
{\bf{-}} father passes Y to sons \& X to daughters \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
{\bf{-}} mother passes X to sons/daughters \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
{\bf{- sex determination in birds:}} \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 1)
↳ sex chromosome in {\emph{egg}} \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 1)
↳ {\emph{male =}} ZZ \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 1)
↳ {\emph{female =}} ZW% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pedigree Chart}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649795638_pedigree.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chromosomal Mutations}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649880348_chromosomal mutations.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- large scale chromosomal mutation = {\emph{change in phenotype}} \newline {\emph{- three possible causes of mutations:}} \newline 1. physical/chemical disturbances \newline 2. errors during meiosis \newline 3. random mutation}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chromosomal Disorders}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- nondisjunction:}} & pair of homologous chromosomes/sister chromatids fail to separate \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- aneuploidy:}} & 1 or more chromosomes have extra copies/deficient number \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- monosomic}} (monosomy){\bf{:}} & diploid cell that has {\emph{1 copy}} of a chromosome (not 2) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- trisomic}} (trisomy){\bf{:}} & diploid cell that has {\emph{3 copies}} of a chromosome (not 2) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- polyploidy:}} & organism has more than {\emph{2 complete chromosome sets}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{- Down syndrome:}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}extra chromosome 21 (trisomy) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- Klinefelter syndrome:}} & extra X chromosome in males (XXY) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- Turner syndrome:}} & loss of X chromosome in females (X0) \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- XXY:}} & extra Y chromosome in males \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- XXX:}} & extra X chromosome in females \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Genomic Imprints}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{genomic imprints:}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from mother/father} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{When does it occur?}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}during gamete formation} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{What chemical change does it involve?}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}methyl group added to cytosine nucleotides (inactivates alleles)} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Which organelles contain their own DNA?}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}mitochondria \& chloroplasts} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{When do these organelles get passes to offspring?}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}during fertilization, mitochondrial DNA from mother} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Why are genetic defects of mitochondrial genes likely to affect the functioning of the nervous/muscular system?}}} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}they are the most susceptible to energy deprivation (which ATP comes from mitochondria)} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Linkage Group}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649884340_linkage groups practice.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- linkage group:}} all the loci that "move together" in inheritance \newline {\bf{- frequency of recombination:}} the frequency that crossing over will occur between two genes  \newline {\bf{- gene map:}}  chromosome map that shows the relative locations of genes \newline {\bf{- linked genes:}} located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together \newline {\bf{- 'wild type':}} phenotype most commonly observed}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}