\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{kmz\_2022}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-biology-unit-3.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (kmz\_2022)
  /Subject (AP Biology: Unit 3 Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{D4CD00}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FCFBEF}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP Biology: Unit 3 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{kmz\_2022} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/145729/cs/31574/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}kmz\_2022 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/kmz-2022} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 11th April, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzymes}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649359277_enzyme.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{- enzyme:}} macromolecule that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up reactions by lowering E`A` \newline {\bf{- substrate:}} molecule that can interact with an enzyme \newline {\bf{- active site:}} spot to specially interact with the substrate \newline {\bf{- cofactor:}} non-protein bound to the active site to allow for the substrate to properly bind \newline {\emph{- coenzyme:}} organic molecule serving as a cofactor \newline *enzymes are reusable*}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.12 cm} x{4.88 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzyme Lowers Activation Energy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{1. Proper Alignment\textasciitilde{}}} & active site allows place for reactants (substrates) to come together \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{2. Pulls Reactants\textasciitilde{}}} & breaks chemical bonds before reaction \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{3. More Conducive\textasciitilde{}}} & chemical/physical properties better than those in surrounding environment \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{4. Form Temporary Bonds\textasciitilde{}}} & amino acids in active site bond with the substrate molecule \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- catalyze either the forward or reverse reaction -{}-{}- depends on the concentration of reactants/products}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzyme Reaction Graphs}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649360152_enzyme reaction graphs.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzyme Structure}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- same as structure of proteins: & primary, secondary, tertiary, \& quaternary \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- shape denatures at...} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=1\}\} 1. high temperature\textasciitilde{} & (thermal agitation) bonds disrupted \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\}ideal at: & 35-40 degrees \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{ar\}\} graph: & wide parabola \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
2. low pH\textasciitilde{} & (too acidic) hydrogen bonds disrupted \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{ar\}\} ideal at: & pH 6-8 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} graph: & steep parabola (log scale) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
(3.) substrate concentration\textasciitilde{} & determine rate of collision \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} ideal at: & below saturation level \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{ar\}\} graph: & logistic growth (levels off) \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.52 cm} x{4.48 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enzyme Activity}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- competitive inhibitors:}} & enter the active site in place of the substrate \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- noncompetitive inhibitors:}} & bind to a location that isn't the active site (allosteric site), change enzyme shape, \& block substrate \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- allosteric regulation:}} & binding of a regulatory molecule at a site that affects the function at a different site \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ex) allosteric deactivation \& allosteric activation \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- feedback inhibition:}} & end product of metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within the pathway \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.6 cm} x{4.4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ATP Background}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{main 3 kinds of work performed:}} & 1. chemical work- start reactions \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2. transport work- moving substances \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 3. mechanical work- movement of cilia, contract muscles, etc. \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{ATP synthesis 2 ways:}} & 1. substrate level phosphorylation \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ↳ phosphate group removed from substrate \& added to ADP to form ATP \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2. chemiosmosis (electron transport chain) \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ↳ H+ ions move across membrane moving e- \& uses that energy for ATP synthesis \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- uncouplers:}} & chemical in liquid membrane that moves H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} across the membrane (blocks ATP synthesis) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.44 cm} x{4.56 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Energy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- metabolic pathway:}} & series of chemical reactions that has a starting molecule and results in a product \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{- catabolic pathway:}} & pathway that breaks down complex molecules/polymers into simpler molecules/monomers (releases energy) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- anabolic pathway:}} & pathway that uses simple molecules/monomers to form complex molecules/polymers (consumes energy) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{- 1st Law of Thermodynamics\textasciitilde{}}} & conservation of energy \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ↳ energy can be \seqsplit{transferred/transformed}, but can't be created or destroyed \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{2nd Law of Thermodynamics\textasciitilde{}}} & increases entropy/disorder (heat) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & ↳ usable forms of energy are changed to useless forms \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.944 cm} x{1.872 cm} x{1.512 cm} x{1.872 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Free Energy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{- free energy (∆G):}} & portion of a system's energy that can perform work &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ↳ must be {\emph{negative}} for reaction to be \seqsplit{spontaneous} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bl=1\}\}\{\{bt=1\}\} & \{\{bt=1\}\} {\bf{gravitational position}} & \{\{bt=1\}\} {\bf{solutes in solvent}} & \{\{bt=1\}\}\{\{br=1\}\} {\bf{molecules (size \& \#)}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bl=1\}\} {\bf{ higher ∆G }} & high altitude & \seqsplit{clustered} & \{\{br=1\}\} large, few \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bl=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\} {\bf{ lower ∆G }} & \{\{bb=1\}\} low altitude & \{\{bb=1\}\} \seqsplit{dispersed} & \{\{br=1\}\} \{\{bb=1\}\} small, many \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bl=1\}\} & {\bf{define}} & {\bf{how ∆G changes}} & \{\{br=1\}\} {\bf{example}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bl=1\}\} {\bf{ exergonic reaction:}} & \seqsplit{spontaneous} reaction with a net release of free energy & - ∆G & \{\{br=1\}\} cellular \seqsplit{respiration} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.944 cm} x{1.872 cm} x{1.512 cm} x{1.872 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Free Energy (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bl=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\} {\bf{ \seqsplit{endergonic} reaction:}} & \{\{bb=1\}\} \seqsplit{nonspontaneous} reaction with free energy absorbed & \{\{bb=1\}\} + ∆G & \{\{br=1\}\}\{\{bb=1\}\} \seqsplit{photosynthesis} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Photosynthesis Background}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
equation: & {\bf{6CO`2`+6H`2`O (+energy) ➜ C`6`H`12`O`6`+6O`2`}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
two processes: & 1. light dependent reaction (light reaction) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2. light independent reaction (dark reaction) \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{light reaction}} & \{\{bl=1\}\}{\bf{dark reaction}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- pigments trap light energy to transform into chemical energy & \{\{bl=1\}\}-forms glucose from CO`2`, ATP, \& NADPH\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
- breaks down H`2`O to release O`2` (2H`2`O ➜ O`2`+4H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}+4e-) & \{\{bl=1\}\}- light energy stored in bonds of glucose \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
- produces ATP from ADP & \{\{bl=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
- unites H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} with NADPH\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} & \{\{bl=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chloroplast Structure}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- light \& dark reactions occur in chloroplasts \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- inner membrane organized into structures that photosynthesis reactions are located \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
↳ {\emph{light}} reactions occur in the {\emph{thylakoid}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
↳ {\emph{dark}} reactions occur in the {\emph{stroma}}% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pigments}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{pigments absorb certain light wavelengths and reflect others} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
↳{\emph{blue/violet:}} & shortest \& more energy \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
↳{\emph{red:}} & longest \& less energy \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{- chlorophyll appears green due to reflecting green and absorbing red/blue} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=1\}\}- chlorophyll has at least 5 forms that vary: & \{\{bt=1\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{Chlorophyll type\textasciitilde{}}} & {\emph{Found in\textasciitilde{}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1. Chl. A & all plants \& algae \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
2. Chl B & all plants \& green algae \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. Chl. C & brown algae \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
4. Chl. D & red algae \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
5. bacteriochlorophyll & some bacteria \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=1\}\}- accessory pigments trap light wavelengths different from chlorophyll & \{\{bt=1\}\}(increase the amount of light used) \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{carotenoids\textasciitilde{}}} & {\emph{phycobilin\textasciitilde{}}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
↳ carotene \& xanthophylls & ↳ in red algae \& blue-green bacteria \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
↳ yellow, brown, orange colors & ↳ absorb violet, blue, and green light \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
 & ↳ allow red algae to live deeper than other types \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Light Dependent Reaction}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649449725_light dependent reaction.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{- scaffolds to reaction center ➜ chlorophyll molecules ➜ excited element e- (higher energy level) ➜ e- out of photosystem II \newline - H`2`O breakdown only PS II \newline - 2e- replaces lost e- in PS II \newline - e- lost by PS I is replaced by e- from PS II \newline - ETC taking steps to keep releasing energy for H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} to pass through \newline {\bf{- products:}} O`2`, NADPH, \& ATP}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Light Independent Reaction}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649452373_light independent reaction.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{- RuBP carboxylase:{\bf{ \newline ↳ a.k.a. rubisco \newline ↳ enzyme changes inorganic to organic \newline ↳ 6 diphosphate (6C) -{}- split in half -{}- 12 phosphate (3C) \newline  \newline - ATP equivalents: \newline ↳ 18 ATP (total) = 18 (1 each) \newline ↳ 12 NADPH = 36 (3 each) \newline ↳ TOTAL = 54 ATP used \newline  \newline - ADP \& NADPH used from light dependent reaction \newline }}- products:}}* ADP, NADP, \& glucose}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.96 cm} x{5.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cellular Respiration Background}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
equation: & C`6`H`12`O`6`+6O`2` ➜ 6H`2`O+6CO`2` (+energy) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
three stages (w/ O`2`): & 1. glycolysis \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & (pyruvate processing) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & 2. krebs cycle \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 3. electron transport chain \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
two stages (w/o O`2`): & 1. gylcolysis \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & 2. fermentation \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Glycolysis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649453209_glycolysis.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{ occurs once \newline }} all cells do this  \newline {\emph{ does NOT require O`2` \newline {\bf{- location:}} cytoplasm \newline {\bf{- reactants:}} glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}, \& 4 ADP \newline {\bf{- products:}} 2 pyruvic acids, 2 NADH, \& 4 ATP (}}net gain 2*)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Pyruvate Processing}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649453431_pyruvate processing.jpeg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{* occurs twice (once per pyruvate) \newline {\bf{- location:}} mitochondria \newline {\bf{- reactants:}} pyruvic acid, NAD\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}, \& coenzyme A \newline {\bf{- products:}} CO`2`, NADH, \& aceytyl CoA}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Krebs Cycle}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649454072_krebs cycle.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{ occurs twice \newline }} a.k.a. citric acid cycle \newline {\bf{- location:}} mitochondria \newline {\bf{- reactants: pyruvic acid, FAD, NAD\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}, \& ADP \newline }}- products:** CO`2`, NADH, FADH`2`, \& ATP}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electron Transport Chain}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649454574_electron transport chain.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{ occurs constantly \newline }} a.k.a. oxidative phosphorylation \newline - e- from NADH \& FADH`2` passed along chain = release energy every step \newline - H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} moves through channel (energy released) \newline ↳ ADP+P ➜ ATP \newline - e- combine with O = O`2` \newline ↳ O`2`+ 2H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} ➜ 2H`2`O \newline - makes 32 ATP from 1 glucose \newline {\bf{- location:}} inner membrane of mitochondria \newline {\bf{- reactants:}} NADH, FADH`2`, O`2`, \& ADP \newline {\bf{- products:}} ATP, H`2`O, NAD, \& FAD}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fermentation}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kmz-2022_1649455062_fermentation.jpg}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{ NO O`2` \newline }} a.k.a. anaerobic cellular respiration \newline {\emph{ no ATP production \newline }} recycles NAD for glycolysis \newline {\bf{- location:}} cytoplasm \newline {\bf{Alcoholic Fermentation}} \newline {\bf{- reaction:}} pyruvic acid+NADH ➜ ethanol+CO`2`+NAD \newline {\bf{Lactic Acid Fermentation}} \newline {\bf{- reaction:}} pyruvic acid+NADH ➜ lactic acid +NAD}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}