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% Document Info
\author{kendall lia (klf.balmaceda)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (european-union-competences.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (kendall lia (klf.balmaceda))
  /Subject (European Union Competences Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{European Union Competences Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{kendall lia (klf.balmaceda)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/162168/cs/33962/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}kendall lia (klf.balmaceda) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/klf-balmaceda} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 1st September, 2022.\\
   Updated 1st September, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Legislative Competence of the EU}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Competences of EU are defined in EU Treaties; defined in Articles 2-6 of the TFEU after Lisbon Treaty. {\bf{Competences not conferred on the EU by the Treaties remain with the EU Member States.}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
{\bf{Article 5(2) TEU of Lisbon Treaty states that the EU can only act within the limits of powers assigned to it.}}% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Motivation for Reform}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{Clarity:}} & There were concerns that the Treaty provisions on competences were unclear and created a space for confusion. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Conferral:}} & Brought the idea that while EU should act within it's limits, it was important to give it certain power to allow it to complete tasks given to it by treaties. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 2
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{\bf{Containment:}} & Members were worried that EU had too much power; the EU's power should be limited. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 3
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{\bf{Consideration:}} & Questioned whether EU should keep having the powers it had been given or whether the powers should be changed. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lisbon Strategy: Categories and Consequences}}  \tn
% Row 0
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{\bf{1st Category:}} & where the EU's competence is exclusive \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{2nd Category:}} & where competence is shared with member states \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
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{\bf{3rd Category:}} & where EU is limited to supporting/co-ordinating action \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Lisbon Treaty repeats minor amendments to provisions of the Constitutional Treaty. TFEU contains main provisions on competence (where it is specified in certain subjects and legal consequences).}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Expressed vs Implied Power}}  \tn
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{\bf{Expressed Power:}} & are clearly defined and written in the Treaties \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Implied Power:}} & where the EU has explicit powers in one area, it must have similar powers to conclude international agreements with non-EU countries and international organisations. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.59264 cm} x{3.38436 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Principles of Subsidiarity and Proportionality}}  \tn
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{\bf{Subsidiarity}} & EU does not take action (except in it's areas of exclusive competence) unless EU action is more effective than action taken at national, regional or local level. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Proportionality}} & action of the EU must be limited to what is needed to achieve the objectives of the Treaties. The action must be in line with the aim pursued. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Exclusive Competence: places where only EU can act}}  \tn
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{\bf{Art. 2(1) TFEU}} & only EU can legislate and adopt legally binding acts. Member states may only do so if empowered by the Union. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Art. 3(1) TFEU}} & areas that fall within exclusive competence; they are limited and Member States have no say with legislation in these areas. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
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{\bf{Art. 3(2) TEFU}} & EU has exclusive competence for the conclusion of international agreements when it is provided for in any legislative act of the union (conditional exclusivity since certain conditions must be met). \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 8)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{When EU has Exclusive External Competence}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Art. 3(2) TFEU does not state that EU shall have external exclusive competence where a legislative act says so. {\bf{Express External Empowerment to conclude an international agreement prohibits Member States from concluding such agreement independently.}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. {\bf{EU has exclusive external competence to conclude an international agreement that is necessary to enable EU to exercise internal competence.}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. {\bf{Where EU has exercised power internally, it will be held to have an exclusive external competence.}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shared Competence}}  \tn
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{\bf{Art. 2(2) TFEU}} & Member states can act only if the EU has chosen not to do so or has decided to cease to exercise competence in that area. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
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{\bf{Art. 4(2) TFEU}} & Shared competence applies in the 'principal areas' listed (implies list is not exactly exhaustive). \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shared Competence in a Nutshell}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. {\bf{Member states will lose their competence within the regime of shared power only to the extent that the Union has exercised it's own competence.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. {\bf{Member states will have room for action in the relevant area of concern where the Union's competence in that area only covers elements governed by the Union act and not the whole area.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. {\bf{If EU ceases competence in a specific area, that competence will go to the member states.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. {\bf{Articles 4(3) and 4(4) TFEU make it clear that Member States can continue to exercise power even if EU has exercised its power in those areas.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Supporting, Co-ordinating, or Supplementary Action}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The EU has competence to support, co-ordinate, or supplement member state - legally binding EU acts n these areas cannot imply harmonisation of national laws/regulations.}} \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
The EU can do this without superseding their competence in these areas. EU can pass legally binding acts on the basis of the provisions specific to them.% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Economic, Employment, and Social Policy}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{EU may adopt guidelines to co-ordinate member state approaches in; {\bf{economic policy, employment policy and social policies.}}  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
The Lisbon Treaty created a separate category for these matters since there would have been significant opposition to the inclusion of these areas within shared competence, with the consequence of pre-emption of state action when EU had power in this area.% Row Count 9 (+ 6)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Art. 2 TFEU is about the attribution of legal consequences for EU and member state power as the f coming within a particular category.}}}  \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Common Foreign and Security Policy and Defence}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{TEU gives EU competence to define and implement a common foreign and security policy (incl. progressive framing of a common defence policy).}} \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
3 Pillar structure was not kept in Lisbon treaty but there are still distinct rules that apply in this area. Decision making in this sector is intergovernmental.% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Germany v. European Parliament and Council}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{The Tobacco Advertising Case}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
The EU adopted a directive on the approximation of laws relating to the prohibition of advertising and sponsorship of tobacco. This aimed to eliminate obstacles to the functioning of the internal market and difficulties of competition resulting from the differences in national rules of member states. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 7)
{\bf{Germany started proceedings to try dissolve the directive as it's real aim was to protect public health. The protection of public health is not an area for harmonisation.}}% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{EU institutions may claim that certain treaty articles contain an implied power to make certain regulations. Given powers imply the existence of other powers needed in that area.}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Germany v. Commission {[}ECR 3203{]}}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Commission made a decision (according to Article 118) establishing prior communication and consultation process relating to migration policies affecting workers from non-EU countries. {\bf{This was challenged by some Member States as being beyond the powers of the Commission.}} \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
{\bf{ECJ held that this migration policy falls within Article 118 and these implicit powers are thus, recognised.}}% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
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