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\author{Kiserbj241}
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  /Title (grade-8-science.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Kiserbj241)
  /Subject (Grade 8 Science Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Grade 8 Science Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Kiserbj241} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/53160/cs/14365/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Kiserbj241 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/kiserbj241} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 20th January, 2018.\\
   Updated 20th January, 2018.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Law or theory}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Gravity is a law. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2. The strength of gravity is determined by f=m*a \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
3. Newton's second law is the Law of the Transfer of Energy. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
4. The theory of Pangea is about how the continents were all together but moved apart over time.% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Atoms and molecules}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{5. Atoms make up everything. \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
6. Atoms are made up of neutrons, protrons, and electrons. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
7. Protrons and Neutrons are inside of the nucleus. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
8. Electrons orbit around the nucleus at incredible speeds. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
9. Molecules are made up atoms. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
10. Atoms are also known as elements. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
11. A compound is two or more different elements put together.% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mitosis}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{21. You are made of millions of cells each with a different function. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
22. Your cells are constantly dying and reproducing all the time. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
23. Mitosis is when a cell splits into two identical copies. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
24. A cell spends most of it's life in Interphase. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
25. The phases of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
26. Nerve cells hardly reproduce. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
27. If a cell has chromatin, it is in Interphase.% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biotechnology in jobs}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{46. Biotechnology is involved in pharmaceuticals because it helps create medicines. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
47. Biotechnology is involved in farming because it can help there be less pesticide use on crops and also it helps crops last in the cold. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 3)
48. Biotechnology is involved in police because it helps in forensics finding who a person is or matching DNA found at a crime scene. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
49. Biotechnology is involved in zoology because it can help preserve endangered animals. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
50. Biotechnology is involved in antibioterrorism because it can create a protein that will counteract the virus used.% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{People in Chemistry}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{70. John Dalton was the the first person to devlope the theory of the atom, a postively charged sphere. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
71. J.J. Thompson built on the ideas of John Dalton and said that the atom was a positively charged shere with negatively charged particle evenly distributed throughout. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 4)
72. Ernest Rutherford built on the ideas of J.J. Thompson and said that the in the center of the atom is the necleus filled with protrons and neutrons and surrounded by electrons.% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cells and single celled organisms vocab}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{28. Organelles are specialized structures in a cell. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
29. Endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that ships out proteins. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
30. Ribosomes are the organelles that make proteins. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
31. Amoebas are single celled organisms that uses pseudopods to move and catch food. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
32. Paramecium are single celled organisms that are covered in cilia which helps them move. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 2)
33. Euglenas are single celled organisms that uses a flagellum to move and stun prey. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 2)
34. Volvox are single celled organisms that form colonies and use flagellum to move.% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chemistry}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{51. A chemical equation is balanced when both sides of the equation have the same amount of each element that went into the equation. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
52. The law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed.% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Meiosis}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{73. Meiosis is a type of cell division in which a necleus divides into four daughter nuclei each containing half the chromosome number of the parent necleus. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
73. Meiosis consists of 8 phases, prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1 telophase 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, and telophase 2. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 3)
74. In prophase 1 homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange fragments. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
75. In metaphase 1 the chromasome pairs line up at the equator and attach to spindle fibers. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
76. In anaphase 1 the spindle fibers pull the chromosome pairs apart. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
77. In telophase 1 the spindle fibers pull the chromosome pairs into their own cells and form a necleus. \newline % Row Count 16 (+ 3)
78. In prophase 2 both cells' homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange fragments. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 2)
79. In metaphase 2 both cells' chromosomes line up at the equator and have spindle fibers attach to them. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 3)
80. In anaphase 2 the spindle fibers in both cells pull the chromosomes apart. \newline % Row Count 23 (+ 2)
81. In telophase 2 the spindle fibers have pulled the chromosomes apart and caused them to start forming their own necleus.% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Elements, Molecules, and The Periodic Table}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{12. The periodic table has elements organized by the number of protrons each element has. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
13. The number of protrons, neutrons, and electrons changes for each element. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
14. Compounds can't be separated physically. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
15. Mixtures are 2 or more compound together.% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cell processes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{35. Osmosis is when a liquid moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
36. Endocytosis is when a cell takes in matter and forms a vacuole. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
37. Exocytosis is when a cell removes matter using a vacuole. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
38. Photosynthesis is the process that plant cells use to make food. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
39. Respiration is when a cell produces energy by taking oxygen and breaths out carbon dioxide. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
40. Fission is when a cell divides into two.% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Diseases}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{53. Leukemia is a disease that occurs when your body produces too many white blood cells. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
54. Diabetes is a condition that occurs when your body can't process glucose normally. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
55. Tuberculosis is a disease characterized by the growth of tubercules in the lungs. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
56. Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory passages that is also know as the flu. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 3)
57. Strep throat is an infection in throat that comes with a fever. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 2)
58. Dysentery is an infection of the intestine resulting in diarrhea. \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 2)
59. Tetanus is a bacterial infection that causes spasms of the voluntary muscles. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 2)
60. A STD is an infectious disease that is spread from person to person by sexual contact. \newline % Row Count 17 (+ 2)
61.  HIV is also known as human immunodeficiency virus, a virus that weakens the body's immune system, leading to life-threatening infections; causes AIDS. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 4)
62. AIDS is also known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a disease that causes lowered a immune system, leading to a higher chance of getting sick. \newline % Row Count 25 (+ 4)
63. Malaria is a disease that causes a fever and invades blood cells. Carried by mosquitoes.% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Periodic Table}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{82. There are 10 types of elements, alkali metals, alkaline earth, transition metals, basic metals, semimetals, nonmetals, halogens, noble gases, lanthanides, and actinides. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 4)
83. There are 103 elements on the periodic table. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
84. There are 3 categories of elements metals, metalloids, and gases. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
85. Hydrogen is the only gas on the left hand side of the periodic table. \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
86 You determine the atomic mass of a single atom of an element by adding up the mass of the protrons and neutrons. \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 3)
87. The periodic table is arranged in periods or rows and they go from left to right. Each element in a period has the same energy levels. \newline % Row Count 15 (+ 3)
88. The periodic table is also arranged in families or groups that go form top to bottom.  Each element in a family has the same characteristics. \newline % Row Count 18 (+ 3)
89. The characteristics of an element are also known as chemical properties which are things that allow a chemical change to occur. \newline % Row Count 21 (+ 3)
90. Dmitri Mendeleev is the man that made the periodic table.% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Physical and chemical changes}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{16. Chemical changes are also known as chemical reactions. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
17. Chemical changes are different from physical changes because in a chemical change you can't get what was used in the reaction back but in a physical change, such as crumpling up a piece of paper, you can uncrumple the paper. \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 5)
18. Chemical changes are characterized by the forming of a precipitate, a substance formed by a solution. \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 3)
19. A solution is a liquid mixture where a solute (the substance dissolved) is distributed evenly in the solvent (the substance that dissolved the solute). \newline % Row Count 14 (+ 4)
20. Physical changes involve tearing or crumpling an object but while maintaining its original traits. Chemical changes involve changing the object through the use of chemicals.% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Biotechnology}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{41. Biotechnology is the use of natural processes to create something. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
42. Biotechnology is used in making better crops. \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
43. Biotechnology can also be used for making medicine. \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
44. Two biotechnology centers in North Carolina are located in Sanford, North Carolina and Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 3)
45. Biotechnology is also being used in the treatment of cancer.% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Chemistry Vocabulary}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{64. Protrons are positively charged particles in the necleus of an atom. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
65. Neutrons are particles with neutral charge in the necleus of an atom. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
66. Electrons are negatively charged particles in the necleus of an atom. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
67. A solution is a mixture of a solute and solvent. \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 2)
68. A substance is made of more thanone element that combine to form something new, made from a chemical reaction. \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 3)
69. A chemical reaction is a chemical reaction and when a new substance is made, bonds break and recombine to form something new.% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
} \tn 
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% That's all folks
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