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% Document Info
\author{keeping.it.anon}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (chemistry-a-level.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (keeping.it.anon)
  /Subject (Chemistry A-Level Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Chemistry A-Level Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{keeping.it.anon} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/208650/cs/44747/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}keeping.it.anon \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/keeping-it-anon} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 21st October, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

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\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.656 cm} x{1.224 cm} x{1.944 cm} x{2.376 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Transition metal complexes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Complex & Few drops \seqsplit{NaOH/NH3} & Excess NaOH & Excess NH3 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
pale green {[}Fe(H20)6{]}\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} & dirty green \seqsplit{Fe(OH)2} & - & - \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{green/violet} {[}Cr(h206{]}\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} & pale green \seqsplit{Cr(OH)3} & deep green soln. {[}Cr(OH)6{]}\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} & violet soln. {[}Cr(NH3)6{]}\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
yellow {[}Fe(H2O)6{]}\textasciicircum{}3+\textasciicircum{} & brown \seqsplit{Fe(OH)2} & - & - \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
blue {[}Cu(H2O)6{]}\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} & pale blue \seqsplit{Cu(OH)2} & - & deep blue soln. {[}Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2{]}\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
pale pink {[}Mn(H2O)6{]}\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} & light brown \seqsplit{Mn(OH)2} & - & - \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.52 cm} x{3.192 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Test for halide ions}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Halide ion & Adding HNO3 and AgNO3 & Adding NH3 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Chloride} & White ppt & Dissolves in dilute \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bromide & Cream ppt & Dissolves in conc. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Iodide & Yellow ppt & Doesn't dissolve \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{HNO3 added first to the halide, then AgNO3. This forms a ppt, from which the colour can be used to identify the halide. NH3 is then added if necessary; in dilute ammonia, e.g: only chloride ions dissolves, whereas iodide ions don't dissolve at all.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{0.912 cm} x{3.344 cm} x{3.344 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Organic tests (AS)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Alcohols} & Add K2Cr2O7/H+ & Orange to green for 1\textasciicircum{}st\textasciicircum{} and 2\textasciicircum{}nd\textasciicircum{} alcohols \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Alkenes} & Add bromine water & Orange to colourless \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Haloalkanes} & Dissolve in ethanol, add water, then do the halide test &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.596 cm} x{3.116 cm} x{2.888 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Organic tests (A-level)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Aldehyde/ketone} & Add 2,4-DNP (Brady's reagent) & Orange ppt forms \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Aldehyde} & Add Tollen's reagent & Siler mirror forms \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Add Fehling's reagent & Red ppt forms \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Carboxylic} acid & Add carbonate (same as AS) & CO2 forms \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Add PCl5 & Steamy white fumes produced \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Benzne & Add bromine water (room temp) & no reaction. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Combustion & Burns with sooty flame \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.16 cm} x{5.84 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Radical Substitution}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Conditions} & UV light \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Bond fission & homolytic (2 radicals formed from covalent bond) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & haloalkane \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Limitations} & further substitution is almost impossible to control, products have to be separated by fractional distillation or chromatography \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{INITIATION} & Cl2 -\textgreater{} 2Cl* \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{PROPOGATION} & CH4 + Cl* -\textgreater{} *CH3 + HCl \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & *CH3 + Cl2 -\textgreater{} CH3Cl + Cl* \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{TERMINATION} & 2Cl* -\textgreater{} Cl2 \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & *CH3 +*CH3 -\textgreater{} C2H6 \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & *CH3 +Cl* -\textgreater{} CH3Cl \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.56 cm} x{5.44 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrophilic Substitution (nitration of benzene)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Reagents/conditions} & conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, 50*C \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Electrophile} & NO2\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & nitrobenzene \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Gen. of electrphile & HNO3 + H2SO4 -\textgreater{} {\bf{NO2\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}}} + HSO4\textasciicircum{}\_\textasciicircum{} + H2O \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Regen. of catalyst & HSO4\textasciicircum{}\_\textasciicircum{} + H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} -\textgreater{} {\bf{H2SO4}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.8 cm} x{5.2 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrophilic Sub. (chlorination of benzene)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Reagents/conditions} & Cl2, AlCl3 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Electrophile & Cl\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & chlorobenzene \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Gen. of electrphile & AlCl3 + Cl2 -\textgreater{} AlCl4\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} + {\bf{Cl\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Regen. of catalyst & AlCl4\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} + H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} -\textgreater{} {\bf{AlCl3}} + HCl \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrophilic Sub. (acylation of benzene)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Reagents/conditions} & CH3COCl, AlCl3 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Electrophile & CH3CO\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & phenyl ethanone \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Gen. of electrphile & AlCl3 + CH3COCl -\textgreater{} AlCl4\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} + CH3CO\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Regen. of catalyst & AlCl4\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} + H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} -\textgreater{} AlCl3 + HCl \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.88 cm} x{5.12 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrophilic Sub. (alkylation of benzene)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Reagents/conditions} & CH3Cl, AlCl3 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Electrophile & CH3\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & methyl benzene \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Gen. of electrphile & CH3Cl + AlCl3 -\textgreater{} CH3\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} + AlCl4\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Regen. of catalyst & AlCl4\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} + H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} -\textgreater{} AlCl3 + HCl \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.04 cm} x{4.96 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrophilic Sub. (bromination of benzene)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Reagents/conditions} & Br2, AlBr3 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Electrophile & Br\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & bromobenzene \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Gen. of electrphile & AlBr3 + Br2 -\textgreater{} AlBr4\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} + Br\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Regen. of catalyst & AlBr4\textasciicircum{}\_\textasciicircum{} + H\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} -\textgreater{} AlBr3 + HBr \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.12 cm} x{4.88 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ammonium, NH4+}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Add NaOH to test for NH3 & Red litmus paper turns blue if present \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.76 cm} x{4.24 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Carbonate, CO3\textasciicircum{}2-}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Add HCl to carbonate solution & CO2 forms. Turns limewater cloudy \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.68 cm} x{6.32 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sulphate, SO4\textasciicircum{}2-}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Add BaCl2 & White ppt forms if present (BaSO4) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Rate equations}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Rate = k{[}A{]}\textasciicircum{}m\textasciicircum{}{[}B{]}\textasciicircum{}n\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
k = Ae\textasciicircum{}-Ea/RT\textasciicircum{} \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
ln k = -Ea/RT + ln A \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
k = rate constant \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
{[}A{]} = concentration of A \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
{[}B{]} = concentration of B \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
m = order wrt A \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
n = order wrt B \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
A = Arrhenius pre-exponential factor \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
e = exponential \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
Ea = activation energy (kJmol\textasciicircum{}-1\textasciicircum{}) \newline % Row Count 11 (+ 1)
T = temperature, K \newline % Row Count 12 (+ 1)
R = gas constant (8.314 JK\textasciicircum{}-1\textasciicircum{}mol\textasciicircum{}-1\textasciicircum{}) \newline % Row Count 13 (+ 1)
ln = natural log% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reaction pathways (aliphatic compounds)}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/keeping-it-anon_1729542589_Reaction pathways 1.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Conditions and reactants/reagents shown}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.16 cm} x{5.84 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Electrophilic Addition (alkenes)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Electrophile} & electron pair acceptor \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Carbocation} & positive ion with electron deficient carbon \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Bond fission & heterolytic (cation and anion formed from covalent bond) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Organic product & haloalkane \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{! Curly arrows show movement of an electron}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.016 cm} x{2.088 cm} x{1.296 cm} x{1.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nucleophilic Substitution (haloalkanes)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Reaction & \seqsplit{Reagent/conditions} & \seqsplit{Nucleophile} & Organic product \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Hydrolysis (NaOH) & hot NaOH(aq) & OH & alcohol \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
NH3 & ethanolic NH3 & - & amine \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
KCN & ethanolic KCN & - & nitrile \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{8.4cm}}{Nucleophile: electron pair donor \newline Substitution: when an atom or group of atoms is replaced by another \newline Ethanolic: derived from or containing ethanol}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.64 cm} x{3.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nucleophilic Addition (carbonyl compounds)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reaction with NaBH4}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Reagents/conditions & NaBH4, warmed \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Reaction type & reduction \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Nuceophile & H\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & alcohol \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Reaction with HCN}}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Reagents/conditions & HCN \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Nucleophile & CN\textasciicircum{}-\textasciicircum{} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Organic product & hydroxynitrile \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Free radical sub. of ozone}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Depletion 1* }}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{CFCl3 -{}-UV-\textgreater{} CFCl2* + Cl*} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Cl* + O3 -\textgreater{} ClO* + O2} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{ClO* + O -\textgreater{} Cl* + O2} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Depletion 2** }}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{N2 + O2 -\textgreater{} 2NO*} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{NO* + O3 -\textgreater{} NO2* + O2} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{NO2* + O -\textgreater{} NO* + O2} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{*due to chlorine radicals from CFC's \newline **due to nitrogen oxide from aircraft engines and lightning}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}