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% Document Info
\author{kbui04}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (npb-101-skeletal-muscle-cheat-sheet.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (kbui04)
  /Subject (NPB 101 Skeletal Muscle Cheat Sheet)
}

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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{NPB 101 Skeletal Muscle Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{kbui04} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/213313/cs/46479/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}kbui04 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/kbui04} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 27th May, 2025.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sarcomere structure}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Structure} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-Z-lines (titin) hold thin filaments \newline -Thick filaments slightly overlap thin filaments \newline -Middle of thick filaments is A-band, middle of that is M-line \newline -Zone of thick filament not overlapping thin is H-zone \newline -Thick filaments have myosin head with ATPase/actin binding site and myosin tail \newline -Thin filaments have \seqsplit{actin/troponin/tropomyosin} \newline -Troponin binds C -\textgreater{} I -\textgreater{} T}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skeletal Muscle}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{What is Skeletal Muscle?} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-In opposition to cardiac and smooth \newline -Striated and voluntary (cardiac is striated/involuntary while smooth is unstriated/involuntary) \newline -50\% of body strength \newline -40\% body weight in men \newline -32\% body weight in women \newline -Allows us to purposefully move external objects around \newline -Squeezes internal hollow organs \newline -Empties certain organs to external environment}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cross-Bridge Cycle}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Cycle} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{-ATP binds to myosin head ATPase, breaking myosin/actin filament cross bridge \newline -ATPase splits ATP \newline -Cross-bridge forms in presence of Ca\textasciicircum{}2+ from troponin binding and forming tropomyosin, will not form if no Ca\textasciicircum{}2+ \newline -Pi released to form stronger cross bridge between actin/myosin \newline -ATP binding again drives power stroke}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Calcium transport}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-T-tubules are tubes in the SR, "invaginations", transports Ca\textasciicircum{}2+ \newline -SR is modified ER with network of T-tubules where Ca\textasciicircum{}2+ is transported/stored \newline -Lateral sacs are parts of SR that touch T-tubules \newline -Foot proteins (ryanodine receptors) span the gap between lateral sacs and T-tubules, modify permeability of t-tubules \newline -Dihydropyridine receptors are receptors in T-tubule membrane that change foot protein permeability to Ca\textasciicircum{}2+}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Motor Unit}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{-One motor unit multiple muscle fibers, but muscle fibers only have one motor neuron \newline -One motor neuron activated, triggers all innervated fibers \newline -Weak simultaneous contraction of whole muscle if one motor neuron triggered, need recruitment for stronger contraction \newline -Single motor unit may have 1.5-2k muscle fibers if strong \newline -Recruitment large increase in tension \newline -Strength =/= precision}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Muscle tension}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Tension opposes load \newline -Single action potential is twitch \newline -Tension develops from frequency, length of fiber, extent of fatigue, thickness of fiber \newline -Twitch summation increases tension from elevation of cytosolic calcium from repetitive stimulation, duration of action potential shorter than twitch \newline -Tetanus smooth sustained contraction of maximal strength, 3-4x stronger than twitch \newline -Optimal muscle length for maximal tension}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{-Creatine, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis \newline -Type 1 is slow contraction and uses oxidative phosphorylation \newline -Type 2a is fast contraction, still ox. \newline -Type 2b is very fast and uses glycolysis, high in glycogen \newline -Fatigue is CNS no longer activating motor neurons \newline -Deplete glycogen reserves and inorganic phosphate makes fatigue \newline -Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption elevated is O2 uptake after exercise}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Characteristics of one fiber} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-Multiple mitochondria \newline -Multinucleated \newline -T tubules \newline -Myofibrils and sarcomeres \newline -Sarcolemma (plasma membrane) \newline Structure from largest to smallest goes muscle fiber, myofibril, A/I bands, sarcomere, Z/M lines and H zone, thick (myosin) filaments, thin (actin) filaments \newline -Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) \newline -Sarcoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-Myofibrils are elongated, cylindrical contractile elements made of sarcomeres (smallest contractile unit) \newline -Each sarcomere goes from Z-line to Z-line \newline -Made of partially overlapping thick and thin filaments \newline -Each thick filament has 6 adjacent thin filaments \newline -Each thin filament has 3 adjacent thick filaments \newline -T-tubules extend membrane throughout muscle cell \newline -Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) surrounds T-tubules and myofibrils}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{-Myofibrils are elongated, cylindrical contractile elements made of sarcomeres (smallest contractile unit) \newline -Each sarcomere goes from Z-line to Z-line \newline -Made of partially overlapping thick and thin filaments \newline -Each thick filament has 6 adjacent thin filaments \newline -Each thin filament has 3 adjacent thick filaments \newline -T-tubules extend membrane throughout muscle cell \newline -Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) surrounds T-tubules and myofibrils}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. Action potential enters into terminal button \newline 2. Depolarization of button opens voltage-gated Ca\textasciicircum{}2+ channels  \newline 3. Ca\textasciicircum{}2+ ions causes vesicles of acetylcholine (Ach) to fuse with the plasma membrane \newline 4. Ach vesicles transported across synaptic cleft which causes binding at motor end plate}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{5. Ach receptor binding opens Na+ channels which depolarizes the end plate \newline 6. Depolarizing current flows to adjacent membrane with voltage gated Na+ channels \newline 7. Ach degraded by acetylcholinestrase (Ach-esterase), terminating Ach action}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Binding -\textgreater{} power stroke -\textgreater{} detachment -\textgreater{} binding \newline 1. Sarcomere shortens \newline 2. H-zone shortens \newline 3. I-band shortens \newline 4. A-bands stay the same \newline 5. Actin/myosin fibers stay the same}  \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
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% That's all folks
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\end{document}