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%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
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% Document Info
\author{katwalker11}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (muscular-system-2.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (katwalker11)
  /Subject (Muscular System 2 Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Muscular System 2 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{katwalker11} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/132666/cs/26919/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}katwalker11 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/katwalker11} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 5th March, 2021.\\
   Updated 5th March, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\raggedcolumns

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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.92691 cm} x{2.50609 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Functions of the Muscular System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
skeletal muscle & make up"flesh" of the body, maintain posture, voluntary movement, aid in breathing/eating/speech, provide facial expression, generate reflexes, produce body heat \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.54485 cm} x{1.88815 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Skeletal muscle tissue development}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 1 (embryonic mesoderm cells) & Embryonic mesoderm cells undergo cell division (to increase number) and enlarge \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 2 (myoblasts) & Several myoblasts fuse together to form a myotube \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 3 (myotube) & Myotube matures into skeletal muscle fiber \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 4 & Mature skeletal muscle fiber \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.78959 cm} x{2.64341 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Connective Tissue of Skeletal}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Endomysium} & around single muscle fiber \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Perimysium} & around a fascicle (bundle) of fibers \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Epimysium} & covers the entire skeletal muscle \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Fascia & on the outside of the epimysium \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Tendon & attachment, cord-like structure \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Aponeurosis} & attachment, sheet-like structure \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Connective Tissue of Skeletal}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katwalker11_1614965800_Screen Shot 2021-03-05 at 9.34.05 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sarcomere}}  \tn
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Energy Sources}}  \tn
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.61351 cm} x{1.81949 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Three Types of Muscle Fibers}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Slow oxidative fibers (slow) & Red color due to myoglobin, obtain energy from aerobic metabolic reactions, contain a large \# of mitochondria, richly supplied w/ cappilaries, contract slowly and resist fatigue, fibers are small in diameter \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Fast oxidative fibers (intermediate) & Have an {\bf{intermediate}} diameter, contract quickly like fast glycolytic fibers, oxygen dependent, high myoglobin content and rich supply of capillaries, kinda fatigue resistant, more powerful than slow oxidative fibers \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Fast glycolytic fibers (fast) & Contain little myoglobin and few mitochondria, about twice the diameter of slow-oxidative fibers, contain more myofilaments and generate more power, depend on anaerobic pathways, contract rapidly and tire quickly \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 11)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.44629 cm} x{2.98671 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview of mus. contraction steps}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 1 & Nerve impulse travels down the axon and reach axon terminal \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 2 & Calcium VGC open \textgreater{} calcium influx into axon terminal \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 3 & Exocytosis of ACh into synaptic cleft (calcium dependent event) \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 4 & ACh interaction with Na+/K+ channels on sarcolemma \textgreater{} opening of the channels \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 5 & Na+ influx at higher rate than K+ efflux \textgreater{} leads to depolarization \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 6 & Spreading of the depolarization in the muscle fiber through t-tubules \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 7 & Opening of the calcium VGC associated with the T-tubules and release of calcium into sarcoplasm \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 8 & Interaction of calcium with regulatory protein troponin \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 9 & Eventual muscle contraction \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.3433 cm} x{3.0897 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Main Steps of Muscle Contraction}}}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
1. & Electrical impulse of neuron \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
2. & Electrical impulse in skeletal muscle \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. & Muscle contraction \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Action Potential Graph}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katwalker11_1614963657_Screen Shot 2021-03-05 at 9.00.38 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Graded Muscle Response}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Muscle response to changes in stimulus strength} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Recruitment works on {\emph{size principle}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Motor units w/ smallest muscle fibers are recruited first} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Motor units with larger and larger fibers are recruited as stimulus intensity increases} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Largest motor units are activated only for the most powerful contractions} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Motor units in muscle usually contract asynchronously} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Size Principle of Recruitment}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katwalker11_1614960983_Screen Shot 2021-03-05 at 8.17.02 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Graded Muscle Response}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Muscle response to changes in stimulus frequency} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{If stimuli frequency increases, muscle tension reaches maximum} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Referred to as {\bf{fused (complete) tetanus}} bcuz contractions "fuse" into one smooth sustained contraction plateau} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Prolonged muscle contractions lead to {\emph{muscle fatigue}}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fused (complete) tetanus mus. response}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katwalker11_1614961539_Screen Shot 2021-03-05 at 8.19.59 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.16722 cm} x{2.26578 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The Muscle Twitch}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Latent Period & events if excitation-contraction coupling (no muscle tension seen) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Period of Contraction & cross bridge formation (tension increases) \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Period of Relaxation & Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} reentry into SR (Tension declines to zero) \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Isometric Twitch Myogram}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katwalker11_1614962234_Screen Shot 2021-03-05 at 8.36.57 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Muscle Relaxation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Removal of ACh by AChE} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Electrical impulse from neuron must cease} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{ATP?} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Calcium must be removed by pumps (active process vs. channel {[}passive{]})} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.75526 cm} x{2.67774 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sliding Filament Model}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
What is it? & The shortening of the sarcomeres in a myofibril produces the shortening of a myfribril \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
I Band & Narrows/shortens \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
H zone & Narrows/shortens \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
A band & Unaffected \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Z disk & unaffected \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{p{0.44629 cm} x{2.98671 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{In Depth Relaxation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 1 & ACh is broken down by AChE, ending action potential generation in the sarcolemma \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 2 & The SR reabsorbs calcium ions, and the concentration of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm declines \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 3 & When calcium ion concentrations approach normal resting levels, the troponin-tropomyosin complex returns to its normal position. This change re-covers the active sites and prevents further cross-bridge interaction \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Step 4 & Without cross-bridge interactions, further sliding cannot take place, and the contraction ends \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Step 5 & Muscle relaxation occurs, and the muscle returns passively to its resting length \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Unfused (incomplete) tetanus mus. stim}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katwalker11_1614962358_Screen Shot 2021-03-05 at 8.38.36 AM.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.89258 cm} x{2.54042 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Action Terminology for Muscles}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Dorsiflexion} & Lift up toes \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Plantarflexion} & move toes down \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Inversion & when sole of foot point inward \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
Eversion & when sole of foot points outward \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Protraction} & to move anteriorly; shoulders, madible \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Retraction} & to move part posteriorly \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Elevation & to raise part superiorly; shoulders \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Depression} & to lower part; open mouth \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Rotation & pivot on an axis; shake head no, can rotate head and shoulder \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Circumduction} & to draw a circle with body part; shoulder, head \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Pronation & turn hand downward \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Supination} & refers to arms; supinate; want a bowl of soup \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}