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% Document Info
\author{katiefocht25 (katiefocht)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (ap-bio-unit-1-chemistry-of-life.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (katiefocht25 (katiefocht))
  /Subject (AP BIO- Unit 1: Chemistry of Life Cheat Sheet)
}

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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{AP BIO- Unit 1: Chemistry of Life Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{katiefocht25 (katiefocht)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/132231/cs/26719/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}katiefocht25 (katiefocht) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/katiefocht} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 23rd February, 2021.\\
   Updated 23rd February, 2021.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{INQUIRY ABOUT LIFE}}  \tn
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*an organisms adaptations to its environment are the result of evolution & {\bf{*EXAMPLE}} :a beach mouses light dapple fur allows the mouse to blend into its surroundings \tn 
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*evolution is the process of change that has resulted in the astounding array of organisms found on earth & \textless{}-{}- fundamental principle of biology \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{BIOLOGY}} is the scientific study of {\bf{LIFE}}} \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DNA - THE GENETIC MATERIAL}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* a DNA molecule holds hundreds or thousands of genes, each a stretch of DNA along the chromosome} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Genes}}:  the units of inheritances that transmit information from parent to parent} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* as cells grow and divide, the genetic information encoded by DNA directs their development} \tn 
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% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* a DNA molecule is made of 2 long strands arranged in a double helix} \tn 
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% Row 4
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* each link of a chain is one of 4 kinds of chemical building blocks-{\bf{nucleotides}}: "{\bf{A,T,C,G}}"} \tn 
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% Row 5
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* DNA provides blueprints for making proteins, the major players in building and maintains a cell} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* genes control protein production indirectly using RNA as an intermediary} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{*Gene expression:}} the process of converting information from a gene to its cellular product} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{EMERGENT PROPERTIES}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{*they characterize non biological entities as well} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{EXAMPLE}}: a functioning bike emerges only when all of the needed parts connect in the right way} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* biologists today complement reductionism with {\bf{systems biology}}, the exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{GENOMICS: LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS OF DNA SEQUENCES}}  \tn
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* an organisms {\bf{genome}} is its entire set of genetic information & * {\bf{genomics:}} the study of sets of genes within and between species \tn 
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* {\bf{proteomics}} refers to the study of sets of proteins and their properties & * the entire set of proteins expressed by a cell, tissue of organism is called {\bf{proteome}} \tn 
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* "high-throughput" technology refers to tools that can analyze biological samples very rapidly & * {\bf{bioinformatics}} is the use of computational tools to store, organize and analyze the huge volume of data \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{LEVELS OF HIERARCHY}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1.) ORGANELLES} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2.) CELLS} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3.) TISSUES} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4.) ORGANS} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{5.) ORGAN SYSTEMS} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{6.) ORGANISMS, POPULATIONS AND COMMUNITIES} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{7.) ECOSYSTEMS} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{8.) BIOSPHERE} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION}}  \tn
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* at each level of the biological hierarchy we find a correlation between structure and function & {\bf{EUKARYOTIC CELLS}} & {\bf{PROKARYOTIC CELLS}} \tn 
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* analyzing a biological structure can give clues about what it does and how it works & *contain membrane enclosing organelles including \seqsplit{DNA-containing} nucleus & * lack a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles and are generally smaller than eukaryotes \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{- the {\bf{cell}} is the smallest unit of life that can perform all activities required for life} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{* {\bf{some organelles like chloroplasts are limited only to certain cell types; those that carry out photosynthesis}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ENERGY AND MATTER}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* energy flows through an ecosystem, usually entering as light and exiting as heat} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{* chemical elements remain within an ecosystem, where they are used then recycled} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{EVOLUTION}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{the concept that the organisms living today are modified descents of common ancestors} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NATURAL SELECTION}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{mechanism for evolution called natural selection because the "natural environment" selects for certain traits among those in population} \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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