\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{katiecar}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (quality-in-business.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (katiecar)
  /Subject (Quality In business Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{0EE8CB}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{EFFDFB}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Quality In business Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{katiecar} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/168763/cs/35895/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}katiecar \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/katiecar} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 13th December, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Quality}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Meeting the customers requirements% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Reliability}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{The ability of a product or service \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
to continue to meet the customer's \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
requirements satisfactorily over a period of \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
time% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Importance on customer loyalty}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Cost less to retain than acquire} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Longer relationship higher profitability} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Half new customers come through referrals} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Levels of Quality}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{System focus} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Specific project/process} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Daily work} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Old vs new Satisfaction model}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Kano}} & {\bf{Traditional}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
• Performance on the attributes of certain categories produces higher levels of satisfaction than others & • more is better, i.e. the more you perform on each service attribute the more satisfied the customers will be \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Critical to Quality Characteristics} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{• Dissatisfier – 'Must be's' – Cost of Entry • Satisfier – More is better – Competitive • Delighter – Latent Need – Differentiator} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Levels of Customer Requirement}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{• {\bf{Basic}} – fundamental features, \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
customer does not even think about \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
• {\bf{Normal}} – expected features, stated \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
by customers \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
• {\bf{Latent}} – additional features, \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
customers not aware they need them% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cost of Quality}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Total cost of both preventative and reparatory \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- {\bf{Internal failure costs}} – those associated with defects found at the company \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- {\bf{External failure costs}} – those associated with defects found after the customer receives the product% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.976 cm} x{2.812 cm} x{2.812 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quality Tools and Areas of use}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Data \seqsplit{Collection} and Analysis & -Check sheets & Gathering Data, no additional processing required, simple layout \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & - Scatter Diagram & Establish association between two variables, shows strong or weak correlations \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Cause Analysis & Ishikawa Diagram (fishbone or cause-effect diagram) & Catergorise causes of problems or issues and identify root couse and potential outcomes \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Pareto Diagram & 80\% of problems come from 20\% causes, prioritise areas for improvement and investment first \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Process Analysis & Flowcharts & Sequences of activities and flows of materials, pin point places where quality measurements should be taken \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.976 cm} x{2.812 cm} x{2.812 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Quality Tools and Areas of use (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Poka - Yoke & Prediction, recognise defect is about to occur - Detection, recognising that a defect has occured and stopping the process \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
 & {\bf{F}}ailure {\bf{M}}ode {\bf{E}}ffect {\bf{A}}nalysis & Analysing potential reliability problems {\bf{in devleopment cycle}} where it is easier to take actions \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 8)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Identify Potential failure modes and effects on operations to mitigate failures \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & Capture historical information for improvement \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Cosistent use in design process \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cost of Quality}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Total cost of both preventative and reparatory \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- {\bf{Internal failure costs}} – those associated with defects found at the company \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 2)
- {\bf{External failure costs}} – those associated with defects found after the customer receives the product% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fundamentals of FMEA}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. Define scope, functional requirements, design \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
parameters and process steps. \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
2. Identify potential failure modes \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
3. Potential failure effect \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
4. Severity \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
5. Potential causes \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
6. Occurrence \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
7. Current controls \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
8. Detection \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
9. Risk Priority Number (RPN) \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
10.Actions recommended% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{4 Houses of Quality}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{1. Identify customer requirements \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2. Identify technical requirements \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
3. Relate technical requirements to customer requirements \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
4. Consider interrelationships between technical requirements \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
5. Develop importance ratings \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
6. Conduct an evaluation of competing products and services \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
7. Evaluate technical requirements and develop targets% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Why would a project have risk?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Unique, complex, assumptions and constraints, people, stakeholder requirements, change, environment% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Levels of risk management}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Eliminate root cause & What leaads to it \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Eliminate risk & prevent risk \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Reduce risk & reduce likelihood \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
React to risk & emergency plans to react quickly \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Crisis management & treat problems that occur from non-identified risks \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ISO 9000 Family}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katiecar_1670841590_Picture4.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The ISO 9000:7 principles:}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Customer Focus} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Leadership} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Engagement of people} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Process approach} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Improvement} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Evidence based decision making} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Relationship Management} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Advantages and disadvantages of ISO certifications}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Six-Sigma?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{"Level of process performance equivalent to producing only {\bf{3.4 defects for every 1 million opportunities or operations {[}DPMO{]}.}} - using sigma based process measures and striving for six-sigma% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Steps to implement six-sigma}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katiecar_1670851542_Picture5.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.64 cm} x{5.36 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sigma 6 critical success factors}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Factor}} & {\bf{Explanation}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Strategic objectives} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Champion projects & Support teams and overcome resistance \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Quantifiable measures} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Tools and analysis & Implement and improve project \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Metrics & Focus on business results \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Training & Teams and reduce waste \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Qualified process improvement experts} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Clear communication} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Set stretch objectives for improvements} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{measure and recognise financial benefits} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{DMAIC}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Define  \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
Measure  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
Analyse  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
Improve  \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
Control% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is SPC?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Statistical Process Control (SPC) is an industry-standard methodology for measuring and controlling quality during the manufacturing process.% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cp and Cpk}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Needs to be greater than 1 and approaching 2 but not too high. Cp close to 1-2 significant range correct Cpk leans to one side if not 1-2% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{A+D 9001}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
• Create a more efficient and effective operation • Increase customer satisfaction and retention • Improve employee awareness and involvement • Reduce waste and increases profitability • Increase profits • Enhance marketing • Promote international trade & Disadvantages of Certification • From an Engineer's perspective • Time consuming - lots of paperwork • Full of management jargon • High level process with limited communication from management • Lack of understanding - leading to poorly focussed efforts • Unclear quality benefits \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 15)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Human reliability curve}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{8.4cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/katiecar_1670840479_Picture3.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.444 cm} x{3.116 cm} x{3.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Human Error}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Error of \seqsplit{omission} & Operator fails to perform step &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Error of \seqsplit{Commission} & Operator performs step incorrectly or adds additional steps &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Mistakes} & Knowledge based & Wrong as did not assess situation \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & rule based & wrong rule used \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & fail to come up with solution &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Slips & right intention excuted wrong &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & capture errors & routine behaviour incorrect in situatio ne.g. press enter when not meant to \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Lapses & Failure to carry out action & {\bf{Errors of Omission}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Mode errors & Right response in wrong mode & e.g. caps lock on password \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk Attitudes}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Risk Averse} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Risk Neutral} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Risk Seeking} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Risk Management ISO 31000}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Component 1 - Principles - What risk management is aiming to achieve + how its integrated in the structure  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 3)
Component 2 - Risk Management framework design implement monitor etc.  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 2)
Component 3 - Risk M Process - continually monitor and review identify analyse select risk treatment% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.216 cm} x{3.192 cm} x{3.192 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Importance Of}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Aspect}} & {\bf{Terminology}} & {\bf{Details}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Risk \seqsplit{Assessment} & A systematic method of examining a process or system to identify potential hazards or failures & {\bf{Quantitive}} - risk relating to numbers - numerical measure of outcome \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & {\bf{Qualitative}} - Personal judgement as High, Medium or Low \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Analysis} & Set of procedures allowing a qualitative or quantitative representation of risk & {\bf{Preliminary Hazard Analysis}} - Start of risk assessment to identify potential hazards \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & {\bf{What-if}} - Changing factors and seeing how those chnages affect outcomes, Can use scenarios to anticipate consequences \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & {\bf{HAZOP}} - List of Hazards, Then using process diagrams and guide words to look at potential deviations from normal operating conditions \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.216 cm} x{3.192 cm} x{3.192 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Importance Of (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & {\bf{Failure Mode Effect (FMEA) }} - Design out errors to produce reliable, safe and customer pleasing products \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & {\bf{Human Reliability Analysis}} - Human input to risk \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{Tree Methods}} & {\bf{ Fault tree}} - Potential causes of fault or failure in a system, Boolean logic {\bf{TOP DOWN}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & {\bf{Event Tree}}- Logical modelling technique to determine potential outcomes if fault occurs+ assessing probabilities {\bf{BOTTOM UP}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 9)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & {\bf{Cause and Effect}}- (Fishbone) Assit teams in catergorising the potential causes, identify root causes \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.216 cm} x{3.192 cm} x{3.192 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Importance Of (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{Management} & Specific measures to mitigate or diminish the risk & {\bf{Redundancy}} - Back up components that kick in is a component fails \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & {\bf{Fault Tolerance}} - allows a system to continue to function in event of failure of part of system - decrease is proportional to level of failure \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 10)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{What is Risk?}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{is the exposure to harm, danger or loss \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
to someone or something valued, together \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
with an indication of how serious the harm \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
could be \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
• Risk: \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
• uncertainty based on a well grounded \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
(quantitative) probability \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
• Risk = (the probability that an event will occur) \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 2)
x (the consequences if it does occur)% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4.24 cm} x{3.76 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Excellence}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{MBNQA}} & {\bf{EFQM}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{8 Fundamental Concepts of Excellence}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{• Adding Value for Customers \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
• Creating a Sustainable Future \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
• Developing Organisational Capability \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
• Harnessing Creativity and Innovation \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
• Leading with Vision, Inspiration and Integrity \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
• Managing with Agility \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
• Succeeding through the Talent of People \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
• Sustaining Outstanding Results% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.8 cm} p{0.8 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phase of TQM Implementation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Phase 1: Awakening} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Phase 2: Progression} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Phase 3: Under control} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Phase 4: Customer focused redesign} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{Phase 5: Quality Culture} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{TQM}} - Total Quality Management}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{Critical Success Factors for Achieving TQM}} \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
• Highly visible commitment of leaders \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
• Link to few clear, strategic goals \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
• Bespoke approach \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
• Customer focus \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
• Clear unambiguous communication \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 1)
• Good team facilitation \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
• Employee empowerment% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{3.84 cm} x{4.16 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Good QMS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Customer requirements}} & {\bf{Company requirements}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Confidence in ability of organisation & Internal and external \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Efficients utilisation of available resources \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{QMS - Quality Management System}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A set of business processes designed to meet the company quality policy and objectives, in order to deliver customer requirements} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{• Organisational structure • Policies • Procedures • Processes • Resources} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}