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% Document Info
\author{kali.winn98}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (money-banking-and-monetary-policy.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (kali.winn98)
  /Subject (Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{kali.winn98} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/26538/cs/7448/}}}
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\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}kali.winn98 \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/kali-winn98} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 9th March, 2016.\\
   Updated 12th May, 2016.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{4}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.03122 cm} x{0.97056 cm} x{1.03122 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Different types of financial assets}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Money & Stocks & Bonds \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
something used to facilitate the exchange of goods and services & shares in the ownership of a business & a certificate of debt issued by a business or a government \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{money is measured in liquidity. M1 is the highest liquidity (coins, cash, cd)}} &  & {\emph{open market operations}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{fiat money: something that serves as money but has no other important uses}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Monetary Policy}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{1. Change the required reserve ratio \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
2. Change the discount rate \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
3. Change the federal funds rate \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
4. Open-market purchase of government bonds by the central bank% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.7165 cm} x{1.7165 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Fiscal Policy}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Government Spending & Income Taxes \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Increase in gov. spending leads to more income = more consumption & Tax reductions lead to more consumption. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 2
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More consumption leads to more investments by firms. & Firms can produce more, which leads to greater investments. \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{- examples above are {\bf{expansionary}} fiscal policy \newline - the opposite (raise taxes + lower gov spending) is {\bf{contractionary}} fiscal policy \newline - these things shift {\emph{aggregate demand}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{0.84924 cm} x{1.06155 cm} x{1.12221 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Federal Reserve Board (Board of Governors)}}  \tn
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\seqsplit{-independent} regulatory agency & -\#1 Goal: control the money supply & there are 7 board members who all serve 14 year terms \tn 
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-US central bank & -also, to stabilize the banking system & they are chosen by the president \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{-created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{3.833cm}}{The Federal Open Market Committee aids the Board of Governors in conducting Monetary Policy . \newline {\emph{buying and selling bonds}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{AD + AS Graph}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Image could not be loaded.} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{P0 shows the market in equilibrium. P2 shows a shift in AD, creating a recessionary gap.}  \tn 
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.54485 cm} x{1.88815 cm} }
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shifters of AD + AS}}  \tn
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Aggregate Demand & Aggregate Supply \tn 
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{\bf{{\emph{C}}}}onsumption & {\bf{{\emph{I}}}}nflationary expectations \tn 
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{\bf{{\emph{I}}}}nvestments & {\bf{{\emph{R}}}}esource prices \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
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{\bf{{\emph{G}}}}overnment spending & {\bf{{\emph{A}}}}ctions of the government \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
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{\bf{{\emph{X}}}}ports (net) & {\bf{{\emph{P}}}}roductivity \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Money Supply}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{What does the money supply mean?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}The money supply is the money in the economy at M1.} \tn 
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% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{In a money market graph, why is the Money Supply curve vertical?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Money supply is independent of interest rates because it is determined by monetary policy actions of the Fed} \tn 
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% Row 2
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{What are the shifters of money supply?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1. setting reserve requirements, 2. setting federal funds rate, 3. setting discount rates, 4. open market operations} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{How do banks create money?}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{After banks receive deposits from their customers, they put away enough to meet {\bf{required reserves}}.} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{The rest of the money in their excess reserves, they can loan out.} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{That loan gets spent in the economy.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{This means they created money because they have the same money in one person's savings that they loaned out, and that went into the economy.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Required reserves is the percentage of a deposit a bank is required to keep (cannot be loaned out).}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Money Market Graph}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kali-winn98_1457494049_Money-Market-Graph3.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Money Demand}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{Why is money demanded in an economy?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1. to perserve wealth in liquid form and 2. to use in transactions the market} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{What does the demand curve look like?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}Lower interest rates lead to a higher demand for money. The curve is downward sloping.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{What are the shifters of money demand?} \tn 
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\hspace*{6 px}\rule{2px}{6px}\hspace*{6 px}1. {\bf{T}}echnology, 2. {\bf{R}}eal GDP, 3. {\bf{I}}nstitutions, 4. {\bf{P}}rice Level ({\bf{TRIP}})} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{1.33887 cm} x{2.09413 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Shifters of Money Supply (extended)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The Discount Rate & Rate the Fed charges banks to take out overnight loans from them. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Federal Funds Rate & Rate banks charge other banks to take out overnight loans \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Open Market Operations}} & The Fed buying and selling bonds \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & Big Money=Buy; Small Money=Sell \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{x{2.64341 cm} p{0.78959 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Formulas to Know}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Quantity Theory of Money & MV = PQ \tn 
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% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Money Multiplier & 1/RR \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{3.833cm}}{Quantity theory of money shows that the money supply (M) will affect the price level (P) and/or the real output if the velocity of money (V) is fixed in the short run.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{3.833cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Phillip's Curve}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{3.833cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/kali-winn98_1457566829_philips-curve.png}}} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{3.833cm}}{shows inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment \newline {\emph{if you want to lower inflation, unemployment will rise}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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