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% Document Info
\author{JohnPCo (JohnPCo)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (spanish-grammar-basics.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (JohnPCo (JohnPCo))
  /Subject (Spanish Grammar Basics Cheat Sheet)
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Spanish Grammar Basics Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{JohnPCo (JohnPCo)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/114354/cs/21753/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}JohnPCo (JohnPCo) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/johnpco} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 16th February, 2020.\\
   Updated 4th March, 2020.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.19002 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{1.78503 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Articles}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{ {\emph{fem.}} }} & {\bf{ {\emph{masc.}} }} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
the (sg.) & la & el \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
the (pl.) & l{\bf{as}} & l{\bf{os}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
a (sg.) & un{\bf{a}} & un \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
a (pl.) & un{\bf{as}} & un{\bf{os}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{el perro, la perra, los perros, las perras. \newline el gato, la gata, los gatos, las gatas.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.83689 cm} x{2.14011 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{AR Verbs Regular - Present}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & HABL{\bf{AR}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
yo & habl{\bf{o}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tú & habl{\bf{as}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
ella/él & habl{\bf{a}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nosotras/os & habl{\bf{amos}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
vosotras/os & habl{\bf{ais}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ellas/os ustedes & habl{\bf{an}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Affirmative}} sentence: {\emph{¡yo hablo español bien!}} \newline {\bf{Negative}} sentence: {\emph{yo {\bf{no}} hablo español bien...}} \newline {\bf{Question}} sentence: a) {\emph{¿tú hablas español?}} {[}intonation{]} \newline b) {\emph{¿Hablas tú español?}} {[}'inversion'{]} \newline  \newline estudiar, viajar, comprar, trabajar, necesitar, pagar, bailar, cocinar, desayunar, almorzar, cenar, tomar}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.93643 cm} x{2.04057 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ER Verbs Regular - Present}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\emph{BEB{\bf{ER}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
yo & beb{\bf{o}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tú & beb{\bf{es}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
ella/él & beb{\bf{e}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nosotras/os & beb{\bf{emos}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
vosotras/os & beb{\bf{eis}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ellas/os ustedes & beb{\bf{en}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Comer, leer, creer, correr, aprender, deber, comprender, vender}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.93643 cm} x{2.04057 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IR Verbs Regular - Present}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & VIV{\bf{IR}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
yo & viv{\bf{o}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tú & viv{\bf{es}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
ella/él & viv{\bf{e}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nosotras/os & viv{\bf{imos}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
vosotras/os & viv{\bf{is}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ellas/os ustedes & viv{\bf{en}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}{\emph{ {\bf{Yo vivo}} en Barcelona. Y {\bf{vosotros}}, ¿dónde {\bf{vivís}}?}} \newline {[}Escribir{]}: {\emph{ {\bf{ella escribe}} un correo electrónico para sus amigos.}} \newline  \newline permitir, abrir, recibir, {\emph{asistir a}}, existir, sufrir, decidir, unir, partir}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04517 cm} x{3.93183 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{CONJUNCTIONS}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
after & {\bf{después}} del Tsunami de Fukushima \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
before & {\bf{antes}} de la llegada de King Kong \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
and & Yo {\bf{y}} tú. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
or & Yo {\bf{o}} mi fortuna? \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
that & Pienso {\bf{que}} el boleto es muy caro \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
that's why & {\bf{es por eso que}} quiero ir a Madrid \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
to & {\bf{para}} aprender, hay que conversar! \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{although} & {\bf{aunque}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
if & {\bf{{\emph{Si}}}} yo fuera rico... \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
then & {\bf{{\emph{entonces}}}} fui a Madrid \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
until & {\bf{hasta}} que lleguen las lluvias \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
since & {\bf{desde}} que aprendí español... \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
because & Te amo {\bf{porque}} tienes mucho dinero! \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Conjunctions are good for conversations, combining several sentences / ideas in a fluid way.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Indirect Direct Object Pronouns}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{She gave the letter to...} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{me}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{me}}}} dio la carta \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{you}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{te}}}} dio la carta \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{him / her}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{le}}}} dio la carta \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{us}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{nos}}}} dio la carta \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
{\emph{you-all}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{os}}}} dio la carta \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{them}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{les}}}} dio la carta \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Direct objects answer the questions "to/for Whom?". \newline  \newline Example: Ella dio la carta a Pedro ({\emph{ She gave the letter to Pedro }}) \newline 1) Ella {\bf{{\emph{le}}}} dio la carta. ({\emph{ "le" (I.O.P) substitutes "a Pedro" }}) \newline 2) "la carta" is the D.O. It would be substituted by "la". \newline 3) BUT you can't put in a row two pronouns that start with "L". You then substitute "le" for "se". The final sentence is:  \newline  \newline Ella {\bf{se la}} dio.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.69349 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.3731 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Personal Pronouns}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
i & yo &  \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
you & tú &  \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
he & él &  \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
she & ella &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\emph{ {\bf{masc.}} }} & {\emph{ {\bf{fem.}} }} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
we & nosotr{\bf{os}} & nosotr{\bf{as}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
you-all (Spain) & vosotr{\bf{os}} & vosotr{\bf{as}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
they / you-all & ell{\bf{os}} & ell{\bf{as}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Vosotros}} is more often used in Spain. \newline {\bf{Ustedes}} is mostly used in Latinamerica.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.73232 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{2.24273 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Gustar (to like) -"Backward" verbs}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & Ind Obj Pron &  \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
to me & {\bf{me}} & gusta (sg)\{\{nl\}\}gusta{\bf{n}} (pl) \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
to you & {\bf{te}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
to \seqsplit{him/her} & {[}{\emph{A ella/él}}{]} {\bf{le}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
to us & {\bf{nos}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
to \seqsplit{you-all} & {\bf{os}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
to them & {[}{\emph{A ellas/os}}{]} {\bf{les}} & \{\{ac\}\}" \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{noshy\}\}"I like the red apple. Do you-all like green apples?" -  \newline {\bf{Me gusta}} la manzana roja. ({\emph{sg}}) \{\{nl\}\}¿{\bf{Os gustan}} la{\bf{s}} manzana{\bf{s}} verde{\bf{s}}?? ({\emph{pl}}) \newline {\bf{A ella le gustan}} los libros. Yo prefiero los video-juegos \newline Other "backward" verbs: doler, aburrir, agrada, encantar, fascinar.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.15119 cm} x{1.09848 cm} x{1.32733 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verbs: Ser / Estar (to be) - Present}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{{\emph{Ser}}}} & {\bf{{\emph{Estar}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
yo & soy & est{\bf{oy}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tú & eres & est{\bf{ás}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
ella/él & es & est{\bf{á}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nosotras/os & somos & est{\bf{amos}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
vosotras/os & sois & est{\bf{ais}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ellas/os - ustedes & son & est{\bf{an}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Ser - essence permanent, profession, citizenship}} \newline Yo soy de Nueva Zelanda \newline Yo soy peluquera \newline {\bf{Estar: temporary. Mood, location.}} \newline yo estoy en Paris. Yo estoy feliz.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{1.4931 cm} x{3.4839 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NÚMEROS! 1-\textgreater{} 20}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
uno & {\bf{{\emph{once}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
dos & {\bf{{\emph{doce}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tres & {\bf{{\emph{trece}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
cuatro & {\bf{{\emph{catorce}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cinco & {\bf{{\emph{quince}}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
seis & {\bf{dieci}}seis \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
siete & {\bf{dieci}}siete \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
ocho & {\bf{dieci}}ocho \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nueve & {\bf{dieci}}nueve \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
diez & {\bf{veinte}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{0.82386 cm} x{1.92234 cm} x{1.8308 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPORTANT VERBS: HABER / HACER}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\bf{{\emph{Haber}}}} (aux to have) & {\bf{{\emph{Hacer}}}} (to make/do) \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
yo & he & {\bf{hag}}o \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tú & has & haces \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{ella/él} & ha & hace \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{nosotras/os} & hemos & hacemos \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{vosotras/os} & habéis & hacéis \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ellas/os} & han & hacen \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Haber is very useful to create sentences about the past, easily with the Past pasticiple of the accompanying verb. \newline E.g. "yo {\bf{he comido}} Paella la semana pasada" \newline  \newline Past participle: habl{\bf{ado}}, com{\bf{ido}}, viv{\bf{ido}}, special: {\emph{escrito}}, "visto", "hecho".}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.41887 cm} x{1.60195 cm} x{1.55618 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Possessive Adjectives}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & {\emph{ {\bf{sg.}} }} & {\emph{ {\bf{pl.}} }} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
my & mi & mis \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
your & tu & tus \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
his/her & su & sus \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
our & nuestro & nuestros \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
our (fem.) & nuestra & nuestras \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
your (pl.) & vuestro & vuestras \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
their & su & sus \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{mi perr{\bf{o/a}}, mis gat{\bf{os/as}}, {\emph{ {\bf{mi}} casa es {\bf{su}} casa}}. \newline Nuestr{\bf{a}} cas{\bf{a}} es muy linda.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.50372 cm} x{0.91894 cm} x{0.8354 cm} x{0.91894 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VERBS IRREGULAR}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\} & {\bf{Querer}} & {\bf{Poder}} & {\bf{Tener}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
yo & {\bf{quier}}o & {\bf{pued}}o & {\bf{{\emph{ten}}}}go \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
tú & {\bf{quier}}es & {\bf{pued}}es & {\bf{tien}}es \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
ella/él & {\bf{quier}}e & {\bf{pued}}e & {\bf{tien}}e \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
nosotras/os & \seqsplit{queremos} & podemos & tenemos \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
vosotras/os & quereis & podeis & teneis \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ellas/os - ustedes & {\bf{quier}}en & {\bf{pued}}en & {\bf{tien}}en \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{e -\textgreater{} ie}} (1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd person plural) \newline {\bf{o -\textgreater{} ue}} ((1st, 2nd, 3rd singular and 3rd person plural)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.34379 cm} x{3.63321 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{QUESTIONS - Open}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
What & {\bf{Qué}} es eso? \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Where & {\bf{Dónde}} está la estación de tren? \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
From where...? & {\bf{De dónde}} eres {[}tú{]}? \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
When... & Dime {\bf{cuándo}}, cuándo, cuándo... \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Which & Cuál (sg) / Cuáles (pl) \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
How & {\bf{Cómo}} se dice...? \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Why & {\bf{Por qué}} te gusta Madrid? \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Because & {\bf{porque}} la vida es así. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
how much & {\bf{Cuánto}} cuesta...? \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
how many & {\bf{Cuántos}} años tienes? \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.44333 cm} x{3.53367 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NÚMEROS: 20 -\textgreater{} 100}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
veinte (20) & {\bf{veinti}}uno, veintidos, veintitres... \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
treinta (30) & {\bf{treinti}}uno, treintidos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
cuarenta (40) & {\bf{cuarenti}}uno, cuarentidos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
cincuenta (50) & {\bf{cincuenti}}uno, cincuentidos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
sesenta (60) & {\bf{sesenti}}uno, sesentidos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
setenta (70) & {\bf{setenti}}uno, setentidos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ochenta (80) & {\bf{ochenti}}uno, ochentidos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
noventa (90) & {\bf{noventi}}uno, noventidos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{{\emph{cien}}}} (100) & {\bf{ciento}} uno, ciento dos, ... \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{3.03597 cm} x{1.94103 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{IMPORTANT VERBS: "IR " with "a" preposition}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
yo & {\bf{voy}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
tú & vas \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
ella/él & va \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
nosotras/os & vamos \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
vosotras/os & vais \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
ellas/os & van \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Examples:  \newline a) "yo voy a Barcelona" "Vamos a Zürich" \newline (I am going to Barclona) \newline  \newline Using {\bf{{\emph{"ir a"}}}} followed by {\bf{{\emph{an infinitive}}}} is an easy way to create a {\bf{future tense:}} \newline b) "yo voy a cocinar Pollo esta noche"  \newline (I am going to cook Chicken tonight)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.28942 cm} x{2.68758 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Direct Objects: SHE LOVES YOU, yeah, yeah, yeah}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
She loves {\emph{me}} & Ella {\bf{me}} ama \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
She loves {\emph{you}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{te}}}} ama \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
She loves {\emph{her}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{la}}}} ama \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
She loves {\emph{him}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{lo}}}} ama \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
She loves {\emph{us}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{nos}}}} ama \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
She loves {\emph{you-all}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{os}}}} ama \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
She loves {\emph{them}} & Ella {\bf{{\emph{los/las}}}} ama \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Direct Object pronouns substitutes the Direct Object. Notice that, in English, you don't say "She loves I", but "She loves {\bf{{\emph{me}}}}": \newline  \newline Direct objects answer the questions "Who?" / What?"}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}