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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Freud (Chapter 3) Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Jodie-Studies} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/180948/cs/37645/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Jodie-Studies \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jodie-studies} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 12th March, 2023.\\
   Updated 12th March, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview-Background}}  \tn
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Oedipus Complex & Identification \& rivalry w/same gendered parent, closeness with opposite gendered parent. \tn 
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Drives & Eros, Thanatos (drive behaviours) \tn 
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Eros & Life Drives (sex, ego) - seek to preserve life \tn 
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Thanatos & Death Drives - seeks to gratify desires even when destructive or socially unacceptable \tn 
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Structures of psyche & id, ego, superego \tn 
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Levels of consciousness & unconscious, preconscious, conscious \tn 
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Psychosocial conflict & inner conflict between unconscious desires \& social norms, creates anxiety or discomfort \tn 
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Defense Mechanisms & Strategies used by ego to defend itself agains conflict between forbidden drives \& moral codes. \tn 
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Parapaxes & Slips of the tongue or pen, thought to reveal the unconscious \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Overview-Background (cont)}}  \tn
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Biological \& Psychic Determinism & Human characteristics determined at birth via inheritance of genetics/traits from parents \tn 
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Mechanistic Assumption & Humans function in mechanistic way; enery consumption, conservation \& transformation. \tn 
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Development of personality & Psychosexual stages (oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital) \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Overview of chapter}  \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{View of Person Underlying The Theory}}  \tn
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Psychosocial Conflict Theory & conflict between drives of psyche \& norms of society. \tn 
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 & person: drives that need to be satisfied | expectation of society designed to protect society by controlling drive urges \tn 
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 & person tries to feel both; drive satisfaction with as little guilt possible \tn 
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Biological \& Psychic Determinism & drives psychologically based; biological determinism \tn 
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 & biological determinism: characteristics determined at conception; hereditary \tn 
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 & psychological determinism: mental processes determined by unconscious, pre-existing mental complexes \tn 
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 & drives found in: id | societal rule found in: superego \tn 
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Mechanistic Assumption & mechanistic functioning of humans; psychological processes \& behaviours can be understood in the same way as mechanical or physiological processes \tn 
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 & physical principles: energy consumption, conservation, transformation \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Dynamics of the Personality}}  \tn
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Motivation: Freud's Drive Theory & psyche function based on energy converted from physical-biological form to psychic energy according to the principle of energy transformation \tn 
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 & internalization - person takes attitude, value, belief of others/community as part of their own personality in order to better deal with things in future \tn 
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 & internalized energy allows or disallows person to act on \& satisfy desires/torture them w/guilt \tn 
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 & trieb = drive | libido = psychic energy, sexual energy | aggressive energy \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Characteristics of Drives}}  \tn
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Source & each drive stems from a certain part/area of the body (sex drives = erogenous zone) \tn 
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\seqsplit{Impetus/Energy} & every drive = certain quantity or intensity; affected by condition of energy source at time \& time elapsed since last satisfaction \tn 
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Goal & every drive = goal of satisfaction \tn 
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Object & every drive requires an object in order to satisfy the drive \tn 
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 & satisfaction achieved by: energy of drive + object -\textgreater{} carry out action = satisfaction \tn 
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 & earlier object choice no longer available = displacement \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Structure of Personality}}  \tn
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3 Structural Properties & id, ego, superego \tn 
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id & unconscious drives, primitive, pleasure seeking/gratificaiton of wants \tn 
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 & linked to the drives: eros; thanatos \tn 
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 & pleasure principle, thus immediate satisfaction \tn 
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 & selfish \& unrealistic - can only accomplish wish fulfillment \tn 
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 & creation of images of desired object/fantasizing \tn 
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ego & moderator \tn 
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 & moderates between id \& superego (drives:societal norms) \tn 
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 & secondary process \& reality principle (evaluates; reflects; plan \& postpone satisfaction of drives) \tn 
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 & cathexis - ego's investment of psychic energy into selected objects \tn 
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superego & intrapsychic representative of societal moral codes \tn 
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 & pressurizes ego into following societal/moral codes \tn 
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 & moral principle - punishes individual w/ guilt over immoral wishes or behaviours \tn 
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 & punishing element = conscience | encouraging element = ego-ideal \tn 
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 & anticathexis - diversion of mental energy by superego to block mental impulses from the id \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Drives}}  \tn
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All drives = 2 basic inclinations of living organisms & 1. Develop constructively (eros-life) not rigidly controlled by moral codes \& do not cause conflicts w/conscious \tn 
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 & 2. Disintegrate \& die (thanatos-death) \tn 
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Ego Drive (eros) & individual's survival; aimed at satisfying basic life needs \tn 
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 & drive responsible for development of ego; provides energy for its functioning \tn 
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Sex Drive (eros) & survival of species; primary concern = erotic \seqsplit{(satisfaction=pleasure)} \tn 
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 & Freud: sex drives always present; only emerge @ puberty \tn 
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Ego vs Sex & Ego = survival of individual | Sex = survival of species \tn 
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 & Ego drives = not associated w/moral prescription/guilt feelings \tn 
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 & Sex drives = linked w/development of mental disturbances \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Types of Drives (cont)}}  \tn
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Thanatos (death drives) & Freud: explanation for war, murder, death etc \tn 
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 & original object = human body \tn 
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 & death drive in conflict w/life drive = conflict projected outwards in form of aggression \tn 
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 & First form of aggression = oral aggression (baby biting mother) \tn 
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 & Sublimation = energy can be safely \& acceptably used \tn 
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 & Person causes own death = \seqsplit{tensionlessness/nirvana} (Freud: sees this as the unconscious ideal for all life) \tn 
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= & strategies ego uses to defend itself against the conflict betweent the forbidden drives \& moral codes \tn 
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 & present to cope with unconscious, psychic contents; person often unaware they're using def-mechs \tn 
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2 NB characteristics shared by def-mechs & 1. they are denials \& distortions of reality \tn 
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 & 2. they operate unconsciously \& aim to keep anxiety provoking thoughts at bay \tn 
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Repression & represses content unacceptable to the ego into the unconscious \tn 
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 & different to conscious forgetting \tn 
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 & Freud: this is where ideas exist before being made conscious \tn 
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 & one act of repression; not enough -{}-\textgreater{} maintained through resistance \tn 
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Resistance & operates when repressed drives threaten to break through the surface \& cause anxiety \tn 
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Projection & keep unconscious threatening material unconscious by changing the focus onto other people's drives \& ignoring impulses within themselves \tn 
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 & changing moral anxiety into reality anxiety \tn 
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Reaction Formation & keep forbidden desire at bay by adopting fanatical stance that gives opposite impression to the desire \tn 
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 & often occurs alongside other def-mechs; projection \tn 
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Rationalization & attempt to explain behaviour w/reasons that sound rational, but aren't actually the real reason for their behaviour \tn 
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 & not the same as ordinary lying; normally person is not aware of the true reason for their behaviour \tn 
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Displacement & functions by finding substitute for the object that is forbidden by society's moral code \tn 
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 & some stage; society deems displacement object as unacceptable (nipple -\textgreater{} bottle -\textgreater{} pacifier -\textgreater{} smoking) \tn 
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Transference & client's projection to therapist \tn 
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Counter transference & therapist's projection to client \tn 
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Sublimation & finding displacement objects that are societally accepted (most effective form of displacement) \tn 
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Fixation & person's psychological development stuck at one stage \tn 
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 & person behaves in way apropriate to earlier stage to avoid challenges of next or current stage \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Defense Mechanisms (cont)}}  \tn
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 & too much energy investment in objects of certain stages (one develops personality characteristics based on the stage where fixation occurs) \tn 
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Regression & linked to fixation; Freud: regression to same stage where fixation occured \tn 
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 & partial or total return to earlier stage of dev where less anxiety was experienced \tn 
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Identification & understood in context of Freud's development theory \tn 
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 & takes place when person represents themselves in another person; unconscious desire to be like that person \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Defense Mechanisms: Freud}  \tn 
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% That's all folks
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