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\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{Jordi Losantos (jlosantos)}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (python-eso-ii-aula.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (Jordi Losantos (jlosantos))
  /Subject (Python ESO II AULA Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Python ESO II AULA Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{Jordi Losantos (jlosantos)} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/139908/cs/29601/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}Jordi Losantos (jlosantos) \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jlosantos} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 25th February, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{2}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basics}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Spaces and indentation (tabs) are relevant parts of the code} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{Instructions in a {\emph{block of code}} will have the same indentation} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A {\emph{block of code}} contains one or more lines of code inside it. The contained lines will be indented one more level than the container one.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{A colon {\bf{:}} opens a new {\emph{block of code}} in the following line.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{\#}} at the beginning of a line marks this line as non-executable. For example} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{\# This is a single line comment}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{To create multiple line comments, use three apostrophees in a row} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{'''}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{This is a}}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\emph{Multiline comment}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{{\bf{'''}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{4 cm} x{4 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Variables}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
There's no declaration of variables. When you use a new name in an assign sentence, that becomes a variable of the type of the value assigned to it & {\bf{a = 10}} creates a variable called {\emph{a}} that stores an {\emph{integer}} value \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
The decimal separator is the point & {\bf{a = 3.14}} creates a variable called {\emph{a}} that stores a decimal ({\emph{float}}) value \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
To transform a numerical value into a string you {\emph{cast}} it using the function {\bf{str()}} & {\bf{str(10)}} will create the string value {\bf{"10"}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
To transform a string value into an integer you {\emph{cast}} it using the function {\bf{int()}} & {\bf{int("10")}} will create the integer value {\bf{10}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{8.4cm}}{A variable contains a literal value of a certain type (integer, alphanumeric, decimal, boolean, etc) and it can be used to perform different operations or construct logical expressions}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.128 cm} x{2.736 cm} x{2.736 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Basic input / output}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{print(a)}} & Prints the content of the variable called {\emph{a}} and opens a new line & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{print}}("Helo world")\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{Hello word}}\{\{nl\}\}and opens a new line \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{print(a,end=",")}} & Prints the content of the variable called {\emph{a}} and then a comma without opening a new line & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{print}}(name,end=",")\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{My name,}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{input()}} & Reads a {\bf{string}} value form the keyboard & {\bf{a = input()}} will store in a variable called {\emph{a}} the value entered by the user as a {\bf{string}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{int(input())}} & Reads a {\bf{string}} value form the keyboard, ant {\emph{casts}} it into an {\bf{integer}} & {\bf{a = int(input())}} will store in a variable called {\emph{a}} the value entered by the user casted as an {\bf{integer}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.584 cm} x{2.508 cm} x{2.508 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Flow control (more to be added along the course)}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{if}}~({\emph{\textless{}expr\textgreater{}}})~{\bf{:}} & Forks the execution stream according to the logical value of the expression {\emph{\textless{}expr\textgreater{}}} & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{if}} (a == b){\bf{:}}\{\{nl\}\}~~\textless{}do something\textgreater{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{else:}} & As part of an {\emph{if .. else}} block, starts the block code to be executed if the {\emph{expresion}} was {\bf{False}} & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{else:}}\{\{nl\}\}~~\textless{}do something esle\textgreater{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{elif}}~({\emph{\textless{}expr2\textgreater{}}}){\bf{:}} & Compound an {\emph{else:}} statement with a new {\emph{if}} statement & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{elif}} (a\textless{}b){\bf{:}}\{\{nl\}\}~~\textless{}and another\textgreater{} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{while}}~({\emph{\textless{}expr\textgreater{}}}){\bf{:}} & Generates a {\emph{loop}} that will run as long as the expression {\emph{\textless{}expr\textgreater{}}} is {\bf{True}} & \{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{while}} (a\textless{}10){\bf{:}}\{\{nl\}\}~~\textless{}do something\textgreater{}\{\{nl\}\}~~\textless{}update {\emph{a}}\textgreater{} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.76 cm} x{3.42 cm} x{3.42 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arithmetic operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
+ & add & 12 + 5 returns 17 \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
- & subtract & 12 - 5 returns 7 \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
* & product & 12 * 5 returns 60 \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
/ & decimal division & 12 / 5 returns 2.4 \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
// & division (whole numbers) & 12 // 5 returns 2 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\% & remainder of the division & 12 \% 5 returns 2 \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
** & exponentiation & 12 ** 5 returns 248832 \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{p{0.76 cm} x{3.268 cm} x{3.572 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparison operators (logical)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textless{} & less than & 12 \textless{} 5 evaluates as {\bf{False}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\textless{}= & less than or equal to & 12 \textless{}= 5 evaluates as {\bf{False}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
== & equal to & 12 == 5 evaluates as {\bf{False}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\textgreater{}= & greater than or equal to & 12 \textgreater{}= 5 evaluates as {\bf{True}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textgreater{} & greater than & 12 \textgreater{} 5 evaluates as {\bf{True}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
!= & not equal to & 12 != 5 evaluates as {\bf{True}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{In a comparison, the sign of equality ({\bf{=}}) can never be alone as it would be confused with the assignment of values ({\emph{a = 10}}). This is why the logical equality operator is a double sign of equality. Therefore {\bf{a=10}} means {\emph{assign the value 10 to the variable a}} and {\bf{a==10}} means {\emph{is the content of the variable a a number 10?}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Lists}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{8.4cm}}{To be added next course} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{1.596 cm} x{2.964 cm} x{3.04 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Maths}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{abs({\emph{arg}})}} & receives an {\bf{integer}} number as an argument and returns the integer absolute value & {\bf{abs(-12)}} returns 12 \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{math.fabs({\emph{arg}})}} & receives a {\bf{float}} as an argument and returns the {\bf{float}} absolute value & {\bf{math.fabs(-12.34) }} returns 12.34 \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{math.fabs(-12) }} returns 12.0 \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{math.floor({\emph{arg}})}} & receives a {\bf{float}} as an argument and rounds it down to the nearest {\bf{integer}} & {\bf{math.floor(2.5)}} returns 2\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{math.floor(-3.4)}} returns -4 \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{math.ceil({\emph{arg}})}} & receives a {\bf{float}} as an argument and rounds it up to the nearest {\bf{integer}} & {\bf{math.ceil(2.5)}} returns 3\{\{nl\}\}{\bf{math.ceil(-3.4)}} returns -3 \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{math.pi}} & returns the value of Pi & {\bf{math.pi}} returns \seqsplit{3.141592653589793} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{You will need to {\bf{import math}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{8.4cm}{x{2.736 cm} x{2.812 cm} x{2.052 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Logical operators}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}\textless{}expr1\textgreater{}~{\bf{and}}~\textless{}expr2\textgreater{} & {\bf{True}} if and only if the two expressions are {\bf{True}} & (a\textgreater{}0)~{\bf{and}}~(a\textless{}5) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{nobreak\}\}\textless{}expr1\textgreater{}~{\bf{or}}~\textless{}expr2\textgreater{} & {\bf{True}} if and only if at least one of the two expressions is {\bf{True}} & (a\textless{}0)~{\bf{or}}~(a\textgreater{}=5) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{nobreak\}\}{\bf{not}} \textless{}expr\textgreater{} & {\bf{True}} if and only if \textless{}expression\textgreater{} is {\bf{False}} & {\bf{not}}~(a==0) \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{8.4cm}}{By {\emph{logical}} we understand an expression or operation that can only take two different values: {\bf{True}} or {\bf{False}}}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}