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\author{jkellar}
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  /Title (a-p-chapter-5-histology.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jkellar)
  /Subject (A\&P Chapter 5 Histology Cheat Sheet)
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{A\&P Chapter 5 Histology Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jkellar} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/167165/cs/35191/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jkellar \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jkellar} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 3rd November, 2022.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Terms}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{Histology}} & {\bf{(microscopic anatomy)}}—the study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs \tn 
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{\bf{Tissue}} & a {\bf{group of similar cells}} and cell products that arise from the same region of the embryo and {\bf{work together}} to perform a specific structural or physiological role in an organ \{\{nl\}\}-First tissues appear when these cells start to organize themselves into layers; First two, and then three strata \tn 
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{\bf{Organ}} & structure with discrete boundaries that is composed of two or more tissue types \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Three primary germ layers}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{Ectoderm (outer)}} & Gives rise to epidermis and nervous system \tn 
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{\bf{Endoderm (inner) }} & Gives rise to mucous membrane lining digestive and respiratory tracts, digestive glands, among other things \tn 
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{\bf{Mesoderm (middle)}} & becomes gelatinous tissue called {\bf{mesenchyme}} - Wispy collagen fibers and fibroblasts in gel matrix, Gives rise to muscle, bone, blood \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Connective Tissue: Overview}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{Connective tissue—}} & a type of tissue in which cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material \tn 
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{\bf{Binding of organs—}} & tendons and ligaments \tn 
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{\bf{ Support—}} & bones and cartilage \tn 
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{\bf{ Physical protection—}} & cranium, ribs, sternum \tn 
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{\bf{ Immune protection—}} & white blood cells attack foreign invaders \tn 
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{\bf{Movement}} & bones provide lever system \tn 
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{\bf{Storage—}} & fat, calcium, phosphorus \tn 
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{\bf{Heat production—}} & metabolism of brown fat in infants \tn 
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{\bf{Transport—}} & blood \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Four Broad Categories of Tissues}}}}  \tn
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1. Epithelial Tissue & 2.Connective Tissue \tn 
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3. Nervous Tissue & 4. Muscular Tissue \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Epithelial Tissue}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Covers body surface and lines body cavities}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{•	{\bf{Basement membrane}}—layer between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{•	{\bf{Collagen}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{•	Anchors the epithelium to the connective tissue below it} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{•	{\bf{Basal surface}}—surface of an epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{•	{\bf{Apical surface}}—surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cells Found in Connective Tissue}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Macrophages-}} phagocytize foreign material and activate immune system when they sense foreign matter (antigen) \{\{nl\}\}-Arise from white blood cells called monocytes} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Leukocytes}}, or white blood cells \{\{nl\}\}-{\bf{Neutrophils}} wander about attacking bacteria \{\{nl\}\}-{\bf{Lymphocytes}} react against bacteria, toxins, and other foreign material} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Plasma cells}} synthesize disease-fighting antibodies \{\{nl\}\}-Arise from lymphocytes} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Mast cells}} are found alongside blood vessels \{\{nl\}\}-Secrete heparin to inhibit clotting \{\{nl\}\}-Secrete histamine to dilate blood vessels} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{2 Types of Fibrous Connective Tissue}}  \tn
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{\bf{Loose connective tissue}} & –	Much gel-like ground substance between cells  \{\{nl\}\}•	2 Types: Areolar \& Reticular \tn 
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{\bf{ Dense connective tissue}} & –	Fibers fill spaces between cells \{\{nl\}\}–	Types vary in fiber orientation \{\{nl\}\}•	{\bf{Dense regular}} connective tissue \{\{nl\}\}•	Dense {\bf{irregular}} connective tissue \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{2 Main Types Epithelial Tissue}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{Simple epithelium}} & -Contains one layer of cells \{\{nl\}\}-Named by shape of cells \{\{nl\}\}-All cells touch the basement membrane \tn 
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{\bf{ Stratified epithelium}} & -Contains more than one layer \{\{nl\}\}-Named by shape of apical cells \{\{nl\}\}-{\bf{Some cells}} rest on top of others \{\{nl\}\}{\bf{-does not}} touch basement \{\{nl\}\}-membrane \{\{nl\}\}-Deepest layers undergo continuous {\bf{mitosis}} \{\{nl\}\}-Their daughter cells push toward the surface and become flatter as they migrate farther upward \{\{nl\}\}-Finally die and flake off—exfoliation or {\bf{desquamation}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Four types of simple epithelia}}  \tn
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•	Three named for their cell shapes & –	{\bf{Simple squamous}} (thin, scaly cells) \{\{nl\}\} –	{\bf{Simple cuboidal }}(square or round cells) \{\{nl\}\} –	{\bf{Simple columnar}} (tall, narrow cells) \tn 
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 & \seqsplit{(4)–	Pseudostratified} columnar \tn 
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–	Not all cells reach the free surface & –	Shorter cells are covered over by taller ones \tn 
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–	Looks stratified & –	Every cell reaches the basement membrane \tn 
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{\bf{Goblet Cells}} & wineglass-shaped mucus-secreting cells in simple columnar and pseudostratified epithelia= \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{{\bf{Two Kinds of Stratified Squamous Epithelia}}}}  \tn
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{\bf{Keratinized}} & found on skin surface, abrasion resistant Multiple cell layers with cells becoming flat and scaly toward surface     keratin is a tough protein \{\{nl\}\} •	Epidermis; palms and soles heavily keratinized \{\{nl\}\} •	Resists abrasion; retards water loss through skin; resists penetration by pathogenic organisms \tn 
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{\bf{Nonkeratinized}} & lacks surface layer of dead cells \tn 
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% That's all folks
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