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% Document Info
\author{jimenezcy}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (mitosis.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jimenezcy)
  /Subject (Mitosis Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Mitosis Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jimenezcy} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/174737/cs/36709/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jimenezcy \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jimenezcy} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 25th January, 2023.\\
   Updated 25th January, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Steps of Mitosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Goal of Mitosis:  two daughter cells inherit an equal and identical complement of chromosomes} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3 things that Mitosis does: 1.) development 2.) growth cell replacement 3.) asexual reproduction} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Interphase: Period when cell isn't in non dividing state; consists of G1, S-phase, G2} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{S-Phase: DNA replication} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{G1 Phase: the cell grows physically and increases the volume of both protein and organelles.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{G2 Phase: Organelles and proteins for cell division are produced; Getting ready for Mitosis} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prophase: Condensation of chromosomes,the movement of the centrosomes, the formation of the mitotic spindle, and the beginning of nucleoli break down} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Metaphase: Duplicated chromosomes move to the middle, spindle fibers connect to centromeres} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate from one another and are pulled into opposite poles of the cell} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Telophase: Chromosomes begin to decondense, spindle breaks down, nuclear membrane and nucleoli re-form (nuclear envelope)} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Cytokinesis:  splits the parent cell into two identical daughter cells} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Oogenesis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{diploid oogonium go through mitosis until one develops into a primary oocyte, which will begin the first meiotic division, but then arrest (in prophase 1) ; it will finish this division as it develops in the follicle, giving rise to a haploid secondary oocyte and a smaller polar body \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 6)
- Meiosis starts in fetus  \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 1)
Oogenesis -\textgreater{} 1 haploid, ovum + 2-3 polar bodies% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arrest in Oogensis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• At birth, Primary oocyte, Arrest Prophase I \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
• Prophase I    \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
arrest in fetal  \newline % Row Count 3 (+ 1)
development \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 1)
• Continue at  \newline % Row Count 5 (+ 1)
puberty, Completes meiosis I, Secondary oocyte, Continue meiosis II, Arrest Metaphase II \newline % Row Count 7 (+ 2)
• Continue and  \newline % Row Count 8 (+ 1)
complete Meiosis  \newline % Row Count 9 (+ 1)
II only upon  \newline % Row Count 10 (+ 1)
fertilization% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Spermatogenesis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The origin and development of the sperm cells within the male reproductive organs, the testes.  \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 2)
 -    diploid spermatogonium, produces two diploid intermediate cells called primary spermatocytes. \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
 - Haploid sperm, only the egg and sperm cells are haploid. \newline % Row Count 6 (+ 2)
Spermatogenesis -\textgreater{} 4 haploid sperm% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Polar Bodies}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{- Asymmetric cell divisions in Meiosis I and II \newline % Row Count 1 (+ 1)
- Asymmetric partitioning of cellular material \newline % Row Count 2 (+ 1)
- After 2 rounds of meiosis, only 1 haploid ovum vs. 4 as with sperm \newline % Row Count 4 (+ 2)
A polar body is the byproduct of an oocyte meiotic division% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Comparison of Mitosis and Meiosis}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\vspace{1px}\centerline{\includegraphics[width=5.1cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/uploads/jimenezcy_1674669352_Screen Shot 2023-01-25 at 12.54.58 PM.png}}} \tn 
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Mutations with Meiosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Inherited mutations are present in the parents, inherited from their parents, and can be passed to gametes} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• But NEW spontaneous mutations can also occur in germline cells in meiosis} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• New mutations in gametes more likely to develop or accumulate with age} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Oocytes more often have chromosomal imbalances} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Missing or extra entire chromosomes, usually due to non-disjunction} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• Sperm more often have dominant single gene mutations} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{• "Paternal age effect"} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Vocabulary}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Sister Chromatid = identical copies formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere. In Mitosis} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Homologs = Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father. In Meiosis} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Haploid = the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells (1n)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Diploid = A cell containing two copies of each chromosome (2n)} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Somatic Cell = any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Germline Cell = The cells that form eggs in females and sperm in males} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Allele = variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a long DNA molecule} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Crossing Over = When two chromosomes — one from the mother and one from the father — line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ploidy =  number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reductional division = The first cell division in meiosis, the process by which germ cells are formed, MEIOSIS} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Equational division = the process of cell division wherein the chromosomes replicate and get equally distributed into two daughter cells, MITOSIS} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Steps of Meiosis}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Meiosis =  Reductional division} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Goal of Meiosis:  produce gametes, the sperm and eggs, with half of the genetic complement of the parent cells.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prophase 1: replicated chromosomes condense, homologous chromsomes pair up, crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, the spindle is formed, and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Metaphase 1: chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Anaphase 1: Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell but sister chromatids remain joined at their centromeres} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Telophase 1: the chromosomes are enclosed in nuclei, four haploid daughter cells, generates genetic diversity} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Meiosis 2}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Prophase 2: chromosomes condense, and a new set of spindle fibers forms. NO crossing over} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Metaphase 2:  INDIVIDUAL centromeres of the paired chromatids align along the equatorial plate in both cells} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Anaphase 2: Sister chromatids SEGREGATE from each other and migrate to opposite ends of the cell} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Telophase 2: cell division begins again in each of the two daughter cells, creating 4 daughter cells} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Mitosis = Equational division} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Difference of Meiosis 1 and Meiosis 2}}  \tn
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{The goal of meiosis I is to separate homologous chromosomes. The goal of meiosis II is to separate sister chromatids% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
} \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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