\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{jennilee} \pdfinfo{ /Title (vs-whether-if.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (jennilee) /Subject (か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…" Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A0A349} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F9F3} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…" Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/44360/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\ \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 14th September, 2024.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{These grammars are usually used with expressions like:} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\}知ってる? (Do you know?)、覚える? (Do you remember?)} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\}分からない (I don't know)} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\}聞いてみる (I'll ask if...)} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\}確認する (I'll confirm; I'll check)} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\}心配 (I'm worried whether...)、見る (I'll see)} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\}忘れた (I forgot if...)} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\}【調べる】しらべる (I'll search \seqsplit{if...)、教えてください} (Tell me)} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-chevron-right\}\} \seqsplit{【迷ってる】まよってる} (I can't decide if...)} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{か "}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{かどうか}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 2) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\} \seqsplit{Interrogative/Counter} QW (+ particle) + V/Adj/N plain + か / のか / なのか & \{\{bt=2\}\} Plain V/Potential V/Adj + かどうか "Whether/If... or not. \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 5) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{1.1 If you wish to combine two sentences (with an indirect question clause - clause) Ex. I don't know {\bf{where}} he went. Note: When you emphasize the meaning, uncertainty or doubts, you add の }} & \{\{border=1\}\}*1.1 Used when there are no interrogative words. This can be used with Potential V. Also, どうか can be omitted in spoken language. \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 11) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…" (cont)}} \tn % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Basic: }} & {\bf{Basic: }} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{彼はいつ来ますか。教えてください。} When does he come? Please let me know. & \seqsplit{その話は本当ですか。調べてください。} Is that story true? Please check. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 5) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{か:}} 
 & {\bf{かどうか:}} 
 \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{彼はいつ来るか、} \seqsplit{教えてください。} Please let me know when he comes. & \seqsplit{その話は本当かどうか、調べてください。} Please check whether the story is true or not \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 6) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Basic: }} & {\bf{Basic: }} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 1) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{この【靴】くつはいくらですか。} \seqsplit{分かりません。} How much is this shoes? I don't know. & \seqsplit{田中さんは可愛いですか。教えて下さい。} Is Tanaka san cute? Please let me know. \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 6) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{か:}} 
 & {\bf{かどうか:}} 
 \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{この【靴】くつはいくらか、} \seqsplit{分かりません。} I don't know how much is this shoes. & \seqsplit{田中さんは可愛いかどうか教えて下さい。} Please let me know whether Tanaka san is cute or not. \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 6) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{彼はどこへ行ったかわかりません。} I don't know where he went. & \seqsplit{(ミクは)けんが来るか(どうか)(を)知ってる?Do} you know if Ken will come? (が particle is used after けん as the subject that you are talking to is implied to be using particle は) \tn % Row Count 39 (+ 10) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…" (cont)}} \tn % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{今、何時かわかる?Do} you know what time it is now? & \seqsplit{WIFIはあるかどうか聞いてみる。I} will ask if they have WIFI. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{新宿までいくらか教えてくれますか。} Will you tell me how much it will cost to Shinjuku? & \seqsplit{美味しいか(どうか)分からないけど、食べてみて。I} don't know if it's delicious or not but please try. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 7) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{これ誰なのかわからない。I} don't know who this is. (When you emphasize uncertainty add なの) & \seqsplit{行けるかどうか分からない。I} don`t know if I can go. \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 6) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{この神はどちらがおもてか、分かりません。} I don't know whih is the front side of the paper. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 6) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} A. \seqsplit{何を【数う】かぞえているんですか。What} are you counting? & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 4) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{white} B. \seqsplit{日本語の本が何冊あるか、【数う】かぞえているんです。I'm} counting how many Japanese books are there. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 7) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…" (cont)}} \tn % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{1.2 }}{\emph{Aか, Bか Verb "Whether A or B" (Listing 2 options; applies to affirmative and negative verbs)}} & \{\{border=1\}\}*❌{\bf{DONTs:}}かどうか CANNOT be used for listing 2 options. \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{行くか行かないか分からない。I} don't know if I will go or not. & \seqsplit{行くか(どうか)分からない。
I} don`t know if I`ll go or not. \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) % Row 30 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{今月か、来月か、分からない。I} don`t know if it`s this month or next month. & \seqsplit{買うか(どうか)迷ってる。I} can`t decide whether to buy it or not. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 5) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{【黒】くろか【茶色】ちゃいろか(で)迷っている。I} can't decide if it's black or brown. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 6) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{日本で仕事を探すか、【異国】きこくするか迷ってる。I} can't decide if I will look for a job in Japan or go back to my country. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 8) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{【就職】しゅうしょくするか、ビジネスを始めるか迷ってる。I} can't decide if I should get a full time job or start my business. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 37 (+ 8) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…" (cont)}} \tn % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\} {\bf{Formation: }} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Interrogative + V/Adj/N plain + か、sentence} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 37 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Interrogative + な-Adj/N + \seqsplit{ではない/じゃない、だった、ではなかった/じゃなかった} + か、sentence} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 38 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Noun (+ particle) + か ( = ka) / なのか 、sentence} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 39 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Note: When you emphasize the meaning, uncertainty or doubts, you add の *} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 2) % Row 40 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\} Ex. & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) % Row 41 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 0) % Row 42 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Noun (+ particle) + か (なのか) }} & \seqsplit{【最初】さいしょ、マギー先生は人間なのかと思った。} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 43 \SetRowColor{white} & I thought Maggie Sensei was a human being at first. \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 3) % Row 44 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 0) % Row 45 \SetRowColor{white} Negative: {\bf{N + ではない/じゃない}} & \seqsplit{今日の試験【0点】れいてんじゃないか心配です。} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 4) % Row 46 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & I worry if I will get a zero in today's lesson. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 3) % Row 47 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 0) % Row 48 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Past: {\bf{Noun (+ particle) + だった + か / のか}} & \seqsplit{A: 「ねえ、行きたかった店、ここじゃない?」} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 49 \SetRowColor{white} & Hey, isn't this the restaurant you always wanted to go to? \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{か vs かどうか "Whether… / If…" (cont)}} \tn % Row 50 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & B. \seqsplit{「う〜ん、この店だったかよく覚えていないよ。」} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 51 \SetRowColor{white} & Hmmm, I don't remember whether the restaurant (I was talking about) is this place or not. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 5) % Row 52 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 0) % Row 53 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Past Negative: {\bf{Noun (+ particle) + ではなかった / じゃなかった + か / のか}}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 2) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other uses of か}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{か + な / なあ}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Adjective + か }} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{今、電話してきたの田中さんかなあ。} I wonder if the person who just called me was Tanaka-san. & \seqsplit{【京子】きょうこさんは元気かなあ?} I wonder if Kyoko-san is doing OK (or not). \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{明日、雨かな。}  I wonder if it'll rain tomorrow.  & \seqsplit{どっちの映画が面白いか教えて。} Tell me which movie is interesting. \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & \seqsplit{友達に明日忙しいか聞かれた。} My friend asked me if I was busy tomorrow. \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 0) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Verb (any tense) / auxiliary verb + のか}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Verb (affirmative form) + のか + verb (negative form/contrast verb) + のか}} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 5) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{自分がなにをやりたいのかわからない。I} don't know what I want to do. & When you emphasize the contrast whether one does something or not. \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 5) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{どこに住んでいるか教えてくれる?Can} you tell me where you live? & \seqsplit{仕事を辞めるか辞めないか迷っている。I} can't decide whether or not to quit my job. \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other uses of か (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{明日、東京に行くかまだ決めていない。I} haven't decided yet whether or not I'm going to Tokyo tomorrow. & \seqsplit{マギーがまだ寝ているか起きているか見てくる。I'll} go check and see if Maggie is sleeping or already up. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{今日は晴れるかと思った。} I thought it would be sunny today. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{今までどれだけ自分ががんばって勉強してきたのか誰も知らない。Nobody} knows how hard I have been studying. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 7) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 0) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Adj (affirmative form) + のか + Adj (negative form/contrast adjective) + のか/なのか}} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 6) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{私のこと、好きなのか好きじゃないのかはっきりして!} Make up your mind if you like me or not. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Other uses of か (cont)}} \tn % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{【会議室】かいぎしつが十分、【広い】ひろいか【狭い】せまいか【調べて】しらべてください。Please} check whether the meeting room is spacious enough or too small. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 11) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}