\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{jennilee} \pdfinfo{ /Title (to-the-extent.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (jennilee) /Subject (ほど "To the extent" Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{CC6854} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{FBF5F4} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{ほど "To the extent" Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/42935/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\ \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 28th October, 2024.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ほど Functions N3}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Pseudonoun: "To the extent of/that..."} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{❌❌Except for NOUNS, the other forms (verb, quantity, demonstrative) can take either negative or affirmative predicate.} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 0) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{IF USED AS: }}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Noun:} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} (A) は (B) \seqsplit{ほど...ない} (negative only) & "(N) as not as (adj) … as (N)" & \seqsplit{父は母ほど【料理】りょうりが上手じゃないです。} My father is not as good as my mother at cooking. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 10) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} (Topic - X) ほど (Adj modifying N) は\textasciitilde{}ない (things) / いない (people) & "There is nothing more (adj)...as X" & \seqsplit{日本ほどきれいな国はありません。} There is no country as beautiful as Japan. \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 8) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Demonstrative Pronoun:} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 1) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{あれ、それ、どれ} + ほど & "A is not as...as this, that..." & \seqsplit{どれほど【物価】ぶっかが上がるかは誰も知りません。Nobody} knows to what extent prices will go up. \tn % Row Count 36 (+ 11) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ほど Functions N3 (cont)}} \tn % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Verb:} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} V-る + ほど (I could…) & "I was (verb) to the point/to the extent that… \seqsplit{(exaggeration)"} & \seqsplit{寝られないほどうるさかった。} It was so noisy to the extent that I couldn't sleep. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 8) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ほど\textasciitilde{}ない (Negative) & "Not as… I (expected)" & \seqsplit{思っていたほど怖くなかった。} It wasn't as scary as I thought it would be. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 7) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ほど vs の方が more than / less than}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{FORMATION:}}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Noun は Noun + 程 (ほど) +} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 1) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{V-ない} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Adj \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}い\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} - くない} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Adj \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}な\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} - じゃない} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 1) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Fix phrase: \seqsplit{いつもほど。。。ない:Not} as… as usual}}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 0) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun-X) は (Noun-Y) ほど...ない}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun-X) の方が + (Noun-Y) より}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun-X) は (Noun-Y) ほど...ない}} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 5) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{"(N) as not as … as (N)"}} & {\bf{"(X) is more (Adj/V) than…"}} & {\bf{"(N) as much as … as (N)"}} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 1) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{映画は本ほど面白くない。映画は本ほど面白くない。} & \seqsplit{本の方が映画より面白いです。} & \seqsplit{(私は)お相撲さんほど食べません。} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 7) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} Movies are not as good as books. & Books are better than movies. & I don't eat as much as a sumo wrestler. \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 4) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{プラハはロンドンほど高くない。} & \seqsplit{ロンドンの方がプラハより高いです。} & (私は) \seqsplit{【同僚】どうりょう} \seqsplit{ほど飲まない。} \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ほど vs の方が more than / less than (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Prague is not as expensive as London. & London is more expensive than Prague. & I don't drink as much as my colleagues. \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{(私は)【看護師】かんごしの友達} \seqsplit{ほど忙しくないです。} & \seqsplit{かんごしの友達} \seqsplit{の方が私より忙しい。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 6) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} I'm not as busy as my friend who is a nurse. & My friend who is a nurse is busier than I am. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 4) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{父は母ほど【料理】りょうりが上手じゃないです。} & \seqsplit{母の方が父より【料理】りょうりが上手です。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 6) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} My father is not as good as my mother at cooking. & My mother is better at cooking than my father. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 4) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{寒い日に熱いお茶を飲むほど【快適】かいてきなことはない。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 7) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ほど vs の方が more than / less than (cont)}} \tn % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} There's nothing as comfortable as drinking hot tea on a cold day. & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ほど vs 一番 "There is nothing more; BEST"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Topic - X) ほど (Adj modifying N) は\textasciitilde{}ない (things) / いない (people) }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun) は一番 + Adj}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{"There is nothing more...as X"}} & {\bf{"The most…"}} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{日本ほどきれいな国はありません。 } There is no country as beautiful as Japan. & \seqsplit{日本は一番きれいな国です。 } Japan is the most beautiful country. \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{あなたほど綺麗な人はいません。} There is no one more beautiful than you. & \seqsplit{あなたが一番綺麗な人です。} You are the most beautiful person. \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{日本ほど綺麗な国はない。There} is no country as (more) beautiful as Japan. & \seqsplit{日本は一番きれいな国です。} Japan is the most beautiful country. \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 5) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} OR \seqsplit{日本ほど綺麗な国はありません。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{寒い日に熱いお茶を飲むほど【快適】かいてきなことはない。There's} nothing as comfortable as drinking hot tea on a cold day. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{(Length of time/Distance/Counter) + ほど}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{-In Japanese, it is considered culturally impolite to specify exact numbers as it's like forcing the listener into a box. You want to give your listener a choice. Therefore, it is more polite to say approximate numbers instead.} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 0) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Length of \seqsplit{time/Distance)} + ほど... }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Length of \seqsplit{time/Distance)} + ぐらい / くらい... }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Time/Distance) + ばかり}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{"Approximately; about"}} & {\bf{"Approximately; about"}} & {\bf{"For about..."}} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}❗️❗️Note: Shall not be used for point time (moment; ON THE DOT) & \{\{bt=2\}\}❗️❗️Note: Shall not be used for point time (moment; ON THE DOT) & \{\{bt=2\}\}-This meaning only applies when used with a noun that indicates time or distance. \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 7) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 0) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{5分ほどお待ちください。} & \seqsplit{5分くらいお待ちください。} & \seqsplit{5分ばかりこの道を行けば、右手にその店があります。} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 6) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Please wait for about 5 minutes. & Please wait for about 5 minutes. & If you continue on this road for about 5 minutes, that shop will be on your right. \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 7) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{(Length of time/Distance/Counter) + ほど (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{一年ほど日本に住んでいます。} & \seqsplit{一年ぐらい日本に住んでいます。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} I've been living in Japan for about a year. & I've been living in Japan for about a year. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{3時間ほど待たされました。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} I was made to wait about 3 hours. & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 0) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 0) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(COUNTER) + ほど... }} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 4) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{"About" (how many things + counters)}}} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 1) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}-Used after japanese counters & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 3) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 0) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{本を【8冊】はっさつほど読みました。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 5) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{white} I read about eight books. & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{五千円ほど【貸す】かしてくださいませんか。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 34 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{(Length of time/Distance/Counter) + ほど (cont)}} \tn % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Would you please lend me about $\frac{3}{4}$5,000? & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{バナナを1キロほど買ってください。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 4) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Please buy about a kilo of bananas. & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 3) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{**} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Note: ほど /くらい / ぐらい cannot be used for point time (moment; ON THE DOT) + ほど / ぐらい。 Instead, you have to use 【頃】ごろ (formal) / ぐらいに (inf)。 \newline \newline Ex. \newline ❌1時ほど / ぐらい \newline ⭕️午後 (ごご) \seqsplit{1時ごろ会おう。 Let's} meet up around 1PM. \newline ⭕️1時ぐらいにゲームをする。 I'll play around (at roughly) 1 o'clock.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Exact (amount of thing) ばかり / ほど}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 0 (+ 0) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{ばかり and ほど : Can be used with an exact number or amount of something whereas \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}くらい\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} cannot.}} \newline \newline Ex. そのリンゴを二つ{\bf{ばかり}} / {\bf{ほど}} / \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}くらい\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ください。 \newline Please give me two of those apples. \newline \newline ❗️❗️Note: The speaker does not want {\emph{About}} two apples but {\emph{exactly}} two apples, and in this くらい cannot be used.} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To the extent/point that..." (Exaggeration)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{Verb (plain) V-る/ない + ほど (I could…)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\}"I was (verb) to the point/to the extent that… (exaggeration)" & \{\{bt=2\}\}"Whether the action happened/not... ほど I could (exaggerate)..." \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{死ぬほど【心配】しんぱいした。} & I was worried to death. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 3) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} & (Lit. I was worried to the point I could die.) \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{死ぬほど【疲れた】つかれた。} & I'm tired to death. \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} & (Lit. I'm so tired to the point I could die.) \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 3) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{よだれが【出る】でるほどおいしい。} & It's so delicious to the point I could drool. \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & (= It's extremely delicious.) \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{あくびが出るほどつまらない。} & It's so boring to the point I could yawn. \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} & (= It's extremely boring.) \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To the extent/point that..." (Exaggeration) (cont)}} \tn % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{【動けない】うごけなくなるほど食べた。} & I ate so much that I could hardly move. \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} & (Lit. I ate to the point I became unable to move.) \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 3) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{【お腹】おなかが痛くなるほど食べた。} & I ate so much that my stomach hurts. \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 3) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} & (Lit. I ate to the point my stomach hurts.) \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{息【いき】を【呑む】のむほど【美しい】うつくしい。} \newline 息【いき】: breath \newline 【呑む】のむ: to drink;swallow but it usually means to conceal (like you keep it inside of you) \newline 息【いき】を【呑む】のむ: To gasp (like when something takes your breath away) \newline It's breathtakingly beautiful. \newline (Lit. It's so beautiful to the point that it takes my breath away.) \newline (Lit. It's so beautiful to the point that I conceal/swallow my breath.)} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To the extent/point that..." (Surprised)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{Verb (plain) V-る/ない + ほど}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} {\bf{"...is incredibly/unbelievably…;"}} & {\bf{"To the extent that..."}} & {\bf{(Demonstrative) \seqsplit{あれ、それ、どれ} + ほど "To WHAT extent..."}} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 6) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}"A is/is not... as this, that..." \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 0) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{このショッピングモールはびっくりするほど大きい。} & \seqsplit{寝られないほどうるさかった。} & \seqsplit{どれほど【物価】ぶっかが上がるかは誰も知りません。} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 6) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} This shopping mall is surprisingly big. & It was so noisy to the extent that I couldn't sleep. & Nobody knows to what extent prices will go up. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 5) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} (Lit. It's so big to the extent that I'm surprised.) & & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To the extent/point that..." (Surprised) (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{この薬は試飲時られないほど【効く】きく。} & A. \seqsplit{あなたは日本語が上手ですね。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} This medicine works unbelievably well. & Your Japanese is good! & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} (Lit. It's so effective to the point that I can't believe it.) & & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 6) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{ミサ先生は} \seqsplit{信じられないほど} \seqsplit{日本語を教えるのが上手です。} & B. \seqsplit{いいえ、それほどではありません。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 7) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Misa-sensei is an incredibly good at teaching Japanese. & Not to that extent (you're saying). & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 5) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{【数えれない】かぞえきれないほど人が【多い】おおい。} & \seqsplit{去年の冬は【暖房】だんぼうを入れなかったほど【暖かい】あたたかったです。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 9) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To the extent/point that..." (Surprised) (cont)}} \tn % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} There are more people I can count. & Last year's winter was so warm (to the extent) that I didn't turn on the heater. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{white} (Lit. There are so many people to the extent that it's countless/I can't count.) \seqsplit{【数える】かぞえる:to} count; to enumerate & \seqsplit{その仕事は誰でもできるほど難しくないです。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 11) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{星の【数】かずほど男はいる。} & That job is so easy (not difficult) that anyone can do it. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 5) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{white} There are as many men as the number of stars. & \seqsplit{【地震】じしんは【建物】たてものが【倒れる】たおれたほど強かったです。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 9) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To the extent/point that..." (Surprised) (cont)}} \tn % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{国にいえないほどびっくりしました。} & The earthquake was so strong that the buildings collapsed. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} I was so surprised (to the extent) that I couldn't say anything. & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{泣きたいほど心配したんです。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 4) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} I was so worried (to the extent) that I wanted to cry. & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Famous Expressions "To the point that"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{びっくりするほど}} & \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{痛いほど}} \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} Surprisingly… (It's so… to the extent I'm surprised.) & Truly / fully (to the point it hurts) \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 4) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{死ぬほど}} & \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{【想像】そうぞうしたほど…ない}} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} To the point that I could die & Not as… as I expected \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{数えれない】かぞえきれないほど}} & \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{思ったほど…ない}} \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} To the point it's countless & Not as… as I thought \tn % Row Count 18 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{星の【数】かずほど}} & \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{心配したほど…ない}} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 3) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} As many as the number of stars & Not as… as I worried \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{山ほど}} & \{\{fa-check\}\}{\bf{口ほどにもない}} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 2) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} "Countless" (Lit. As many as mountains = gazillion) & All bark and no bite. (Lit. It's not as much as your mouth) (Lit. Not as true as "the mouth" claims) \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ほど "Not as... as... expected" vs 通り}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(V-plain) ほど\textasciitilde{}ない (Negative)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(V-plain) とおり\textasciitilde{} (Affirmative)}} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\}"Not as… I (expected)" & \{\{bt=2\}\}"Just as I (expected)" \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{ar\}\} & -Something happens as planned/thought \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 2) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{ar\}\} & V-る/た とおり / Noun + どおり \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 2) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{思っていたほど怖くなかった。} It wasn't as scary as I thought it would be. & \seqsplit{心配した【通り】とおり【怖かった】こわかった。} It was scary just as I worried. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 6) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{心配したほど【怖く】こわくなかった。 } It was not as scary as I was worried. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 5) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{心配したほどひどい怪我じゃない。} The wound/injury is not as bad as I worried. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 5) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{心配したほど痛くなかった。} It's not as painful as I worried. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Getting more and more"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{Verb / Adj えば / なら + ほど "The more… the more…"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{V-ていく "It will get/become more and more" (About the future) }} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{V-てきた "Getting / becoming more and more; the beginning of a gradual change" }} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 9) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}ていく → Present to Future & \{\{bt=2\}\}てくる → Past to Present \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & -Focuses on the the fact that the change will continue; not necessarily that change has already happened & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 8) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 0) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{ピリピンの食べ物を食べれば、食べるほど食べたくなるんです。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{【太って】ふってきた。} I'm starting to gain weight. \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 7) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} The more you eat Philippine food, the more you'll crave for it. & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 5) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Getting more and more" (cont)}} \tn % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{ニンニクをたくさんつけば、入れるほど美味しいと思います。I} think the more garlic you use, the more delicious it is. & \seqsplit{もっと暑くなっていきます。It's} going to start getting even hotter. (It's already hot now but it will keep getting hotter.) & \seqsplit{気持ち悪くなってきた。I'm} starting to feel sick. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 11) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 0) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{【危害】きがいはボタンが【少ない】すくなければ少ないほどいいです。} & \seqsplit{10月【頃】ごろから寒くなっていく。From} around October, it's going to get colder. & \seqsplit{暑くなってきた。It's} getting hotter. (It's starting to get hot; the beginning of change but also implying that it's changing gradually) \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 12) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} The less buttons in the machine, the better. & {\bf{VS}} & {\bf{VS}} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & \seqsplit{10月【頃】ごろから寒くなる。From} around October, it's going to get hot. (It will become hot and doesn't imply anything about the change or the progress) & \seqsplit{暑くなって【始めた】はじめた。It} began to get hot. (Focuses on the beginning) \tn % Row Count 41 (+ 14) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Getting more and more" (cont)}} \tn % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{ar\}\}} \tn % Row Count 1 (+ 1) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} & & \seqsplit{痛くなってきた。It's} starting to hurt. \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 4) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 1) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VOCABS:}} \newline \newline 【危害】きがい: injury; harm; danger} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}