\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article} % Packages \usepackage{fancyhdr} % For header and footer \usepackage{multicol} % Allows multicols in tables \usepackage{tabularx} % Intelligent column widths \usepackage{tabulary} % Used in header and footer \usepackage{hhline} % Border under tables \usepackage{graphicx} % For images \usepackage{xcolor} % For hex colours %\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc} % For unicode character support \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Without this we get weird character replacements \usepackage{colortbl} % For coloured tables \usepackage{setspace} % For line height \usepackage{lastpage} % Needed for total page number \usepackage{seqsplit} % Splits long words. %\usepackage{opensans} % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely. \usepackage[normalem]{ulem} % For underlining links % Most of the following are not required for the majority % of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support. \usepackage{amsmath} % Symbols \usepackage{MnSymbol} % Symbols \usepackage{wasysym} % Symbols %\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel} % Languages % Document Info \author{jennilee} \pdfinfo{ /Title (role-of-vs.pdf) /Creator (Cheatography) /Author (jennilee) /Subject (Role of として vs にとって Cheat Sheet) } % Lengths and widths \addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm} \addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm} \addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm} \addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm} \setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns \setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content \setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it \renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line \renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line \renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit % This two commands together give roughly % the right line height in the tables \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} \onehalfspacing % Commands \newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour \newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols \newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns \newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use % Font and Colours \definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666} \definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333} \definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{A34718} \definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F9F3F0} \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault} \color{TextColor} % Header and Footer \pagestyle{fancy} \fancyhead{} % Set header to blank \fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank \fancyhead[L]{ \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C} \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \vspace{-7pt} {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}} } \end{tabulary} \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L} \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Role of として vs にとって Cheat Sheet}}}} \\ \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/48444/}}} \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize \noindent \begin{multicols}{3} \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\ \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\ \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}} \\ \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\ Updated 17th September, 2026.\\ Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}. \end{tabulary} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L} \SetRowColor{FootBackground} \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}} \\ \SetRowColor{white} \vspace{-5pt} %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg} Measure your website readability!\\ www.readability-score.com \end{tabulary} \end{multicols}} \begin{document} \raggedright \raggedcolumns % Set font size to small. Switch to any value % from this page to resize cheat sheet text: % www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html \footnotesize % Small font. \begin{multicols*}{3} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{N + として — "as / in the role of"}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{として — "as / in the role of / from the standpoint of"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{N + としては = as N, speaking from N's standpoint}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{N + としての + N = "N as a/an…"}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\}-It means you are treating \seqsplit{someone/something} in a particular role, category, or standpoint. & \{\{bt=2\}\}It often adds a contrast or \seqsplit{qualification}. & \{\{bt=2\}\}N + として + \seqsplit{Verb/Adjective} \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 8) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & -The は makes the standpoint more explicit. Gives evaluation as a "NOUN" & 「role of N」 → what someone does/is in that role \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 6) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 例: & 例: & 「role of N」 → a noun connected to that role \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{学生として頑張る。} I'll work hard as a student. & \seqsplit{私としては、【賛成】さんせいです。} Personally / speaking for myself, I'm in favor. & \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 8) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{N + として — "as / in the role of" (cont)}} \tn % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{介護士として働いています。I} work as a care worker. & \seqsplit{私としてはそう思いません。} → From my standpoint, I don't think so. & \seqsplit{介護士としての責任} = \seqsplit{responsibility} as a care worker \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{人の人間として、それは許せない。As} a human being, I can't forgive that. & \seqsplit{学生としてはこの試験は少し難しいです。As} for students, this exam is a bit difficult. & \seqsplit{教師としての責任を【果たしたい】はたしたい。} I want to fulfill my \seqsplit{responsibilities} as a teacher. \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 10) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Core feeling:}} "Look at/do something in the capacity of X." & \seqsplit{日本人としては彼の日本語はとても上手です。As} for a Japanese, his Japanese is good. & \seqsplit{親としての気持ちはよく分かります。I} understand your feelings as a parent well. \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 8) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{【日本代表】にほんだいひょうとして【大会】たいかいに【出場】しゅつじょうします。} & \seqsplit{新人としては彼の仕事は完璧です。As} for a newcomer, his work his perfect. & \seqsplit{友達としての意見を聞かせてください。Please} tell me your opinion as a friend. \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 10) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{N + として — "as / in the role of" (cont)}} \tn % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} I will participate in the tournament as a \seqsplit{representative} of Japan. & {\bf{Core feeling:}} AS SOMEONE, you are giving evaluation or standpoint to something & \seqsplit{教師としての経験がある。} I have experience as a teacher. \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{先生として【生徒】せいとの【成長】せいちょうを助けたいです。} As a teacher, I want to helpt the students' growth. & \seqsplit{ィリピン人としては私たちが払っている【税金】ぜいきんが【汚職】おしょくに使われず良いサービスを受ける権利があると思います。} As Filipinos, I believe we have the right to receive good services, and that the taxes we pay should not be used for corruption. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 24) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{N + として — "as / in the role of" (cont)}} \tn % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{親として子供を守る【責任】せきにんがあります。As} a parent, I have the \seqsplit{responsibility} to protect my children. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 11) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{介護福祉士として高齢者の生活を支援します。} As a careworking, I support the daily life of the elderly. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 10) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ても vs としても}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{⭐ Most important: And don't think of と here as the normal quotation particle. It's part of the larger construction とする = to take/set something as an assumption.}}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{ても}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{**としても}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 2) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}例: & \{\{bt=2\}\}例: \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 1) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{雨が降っても、行く。} Even if it rains, I'll go.** & \seqsplit{雨が降るとしても、行く。} Even if it rains, I'll go. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 4) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{They're both correct. But the feeling is different.} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 2) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{雨が降っても = Very} direct: "Even if it rains…" & \seqsplit{雨が降るとしても} = More \seqsplit{deliberate/hypothetical:} \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\emph{You're simply giving a condition.}} & "Even assuming/accepting the possibility that it rains…" \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} & It sounds like you're considering a possibility and then saying your decision doesn't change. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 5) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{「彼は来ないと思う。」} I don't think he'll come. & You say: \seqsplit{「彼が来ないとしても、私たちは行こう。」} Even if he doesn't come, let's go. \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ても vs としても (cont)}} \tn % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & {\emph{The deeper meaning isn't just: "If he doesn't come…"}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} & It's: "Okay, let's take 'he doesn't come' as one possible situation. Even under that situation, our plan should still be to go." \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 8) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{としても vs としたら vs とすれば}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{N / verb + \seqsplit{としても} "Even if...; Even \seqsplit{assuming..}."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{としたら — "IF we assume \seqsplit{that…;suppose;} imagine..."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{とすれば → "if we assume that…, then logically…"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}**とすると = "if that is the case / assuming \seqsplit{that…"**} \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 8) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{としても} → "even if we take that as the assumption…"\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}としたら → \seqsplit{hypothetical} "What if X?" & \{\{bt=2\}\}とすれば → logical "If we assume X…" & \{\{bt=2\}\}とすると → \seqsplit{consequence} "If X is the case, then…" \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 8) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Comes from とする = "let's take X as the \seqsplit{assumption"} & X \seqsplit{としたら=} "If we suppose X is the case…" = "If X were the \seqsplit{situation…"} & \seqsplit{とすれば} → "if we assume that…, then \seqsplit{logically…"} =More like reasoning from an \seqsplit{assumption}. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 11) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} You're not \seqsplit{necessarily} saying you will go. You're mentally setting that situation as the premise. & It's more \seqsplit{hypothetical} than ordinary たら. \seqsplit{としたら} has a "thought \seqsplit{experiment"} feeling & Note: ば is used for \seqsplit{hypothetical} \seqsplit{sentences.} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 38 (+ 11) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{としても vs としたら vs とすれば (cont)}} \tn % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 例: & This is why you'll often hear it with: もし = if; 仮に = \seqsplit{hypothetically;} suppose; imagine & Note: ば is used for \seqsplit{hypothetical} \seqsplit{sentences.} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{行くとしても、明日です。} → Even if I go, it'll be tomorrow. & \seqsplit{「もしベルギーに住むとしたら、どこに住みたい?」} If you were to live in Belgium, where would you want to live? & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 14) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{雨が降るとしても、行きます。} Even if it rains, I'll go. & \{\{ar\}\} & 例: & \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 8) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{としても vs としたら vs とすれば (cont)}} \tn % Row 7 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} = "Even taking rain as the \seqsplit{hypothetical} situation, I'll go." & Compare: & \seqsplit{彼が本当だとすれば、問題だ。} If we assume what he says is true, that's a problem. & \seqsplit{彼が来ないとすると、私たちだけで行く?} If we're assuming he isn't coming, shall we go just by \seqsplit{ourselves?} \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 13) % Row 8 \SetRowColor{white} & \seqsplit{日本に行ったら、東京に行きたい。} If I go to Japan, I want to go to Tokyo. & \seqsplit{彼が犯人だとしたら、どうしてここに来たの?} If he were the culprit, why did he come here? & It often feels like: "Okay, if that's the situation, then what follows?" \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 11) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & = This is a fairly normal if/when. & More \seqsplit{conversational/hypothetical}. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{white} & But: & \seqsplit{彼が犯人だとすれば、【証拠】しょうこが必要だ。
} If we assume he's the culprit, evidence is \seqsplit{necessary.} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 41 (+ 13) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{としても vs としたら vs とすれば (cont)}} \tn % Row 11 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & \seqsplit{日本に行くとしたら、東京に行きたい。} If we assume I'm going to Japan, I'd want to go to Tokyo. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 12) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{white} & Here, 行く is not being presented as a real plan. You're saying: & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 7) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & "Let's \seqsplit{imagine/assume} that I were going to Japan. Under that \seqsplit{hypothetical} \seqsplit{situation…"} & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 10) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{にとって}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{\{\{bt=2\}\}N + にとって = "for / to / from the perspective of"}} & {\bf{\{\{bt=2\}\}N + \seqsplit{にとっての} + N = "N's \seqsplit{perspective/interest} regarding something"}} & {\bf{\{\{bt=2\}\}N + \seqsplit{にとっては} = "for N, specifically / as far as N is concerned"}} \tn % Row Count 7 (+ 7) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\}This means "for \seqsplit{someone/something"} in terms of their evaluation, feelings, importance, or \seqsplit{circumstances}. & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}The は adds \seqsplit{contrast/emphasis}. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 9) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Core feeling:}} "How is this from X's point of view / for X personally?" & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 7) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{例:} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 1) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{高齢者にとって、この施設は便利です。For} elderly people, this facility is convenient. & \seqsplit{私にとっての幸せ。"what} happiness means to me / my idea of happiness" & \seqsplit{私にとっては簡単です。} → For me, it's easy. \tn % Row Count 32 (+ 8) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{にとって (cont)}} \tn % Row 5 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{あなたにとって何が一番大切?For} you, what's most important? & \{\{ar\}\} & This can imply: "It may not be easy for other people, but for me it is." \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{COMPLETELY DIFFERENT GRAMMAR: にしては}} \newline N / verb / い-adj / な-adj + にしては \newline "considering that… / for… / given that…"" \newline 初心者にしては上手ですね。 \newline Shoshinsha ni shite wa jōzu desu ne. \newline → You're good for a beginner. \newline {\bf{The nuance is that the result is different from what you would normally expect.}}} \tn \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{にしても vs にしては}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{~にしても = 「Aを認めたとしても、それでもB」}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{~にしては = 「Aなら普通はこう。でも実際はB」}} \tn % Row Count 4 (+ 4) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\}"Even granting A, B is still true." & \{\{bt=2\}\}"If we judge this according to the standard for A, B is surprisingly different." \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} You temporarily {\bf{accept A as a premise}}, but then say that A {\bf{doesn't change your conclusion}}. & You use A as a {\bf{standard of expectation}}, then point out the gap between expectation and reality. \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 5) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} Typical result: criticism, concession, insistence & Typical result: surprise, evaluation, unexpected result \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 3) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} (You have an idea, you accept that fact A, but your conclusion B remains the same judgment) & (You have NO idea, that is why you are surprised) \tn % Row Count 22 (+ 5) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} Particle matters: も = even / also & Particle matters: は = contrast/topic \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 2) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} So: A にしても has the feeling: "Even A…" & So: A にしては has the feeling: "As for A / considering A…" \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} Similar mental feeling: Aでも → even A & Then comes a contrast: A → expected X \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 3) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{にしても vs にしては (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} Aにしても → even if we take A / even considering A & but → B \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 0) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{忙しいにしても、連絡ぐらいできるでしょう。} → Even if you're busy, you could at least contact me. & ~にしては: \seqsplit{「普通のAなら…でも」} \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 6) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{冗談にしても、言いすぎだ。} → Even if it was a joke, you went too far. & \seqsplit{子供にしては、しっかりしている。→} He's very responsible for a child. (Considering that he is a child, he is very responsible.) \tn % Row Count 17 (+ 8) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{誰が失敗したにしても、こんなに落ち込むことはない。Even} if he failed, he does not have to be that depressed. & \seqsplit{20歳にしては、落ち着いている。} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 7) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{いくら忙しいにしても予約を守るべきだ。Even} if you are b usy, you should keep your promises.} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 3) % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{=This is why にしても often has a slightly argumentative or corrective feeling.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 0) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{DEEPER UNDERSTANDING:}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{DEEPER UNDERSTANDING:}} \tn % Row Count 31 (+ 2) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{にしても vs にしては (cont)}} \tn % Row 17 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} ① ~にしても: 「それでも」 & ~にしては: \seqsplit{「普通のAなら…でも」} \tn % Row Count 3 (+ 3) % Row 18 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{高いにしても、高すぎる。} & \seqsplit{初心者にしては、上手だ。} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 2) % Row 19 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 高い → Okay, I accept that it's expensive. & 初心者 \tn % Row Count 8 (+ 3) % Row 20 \SetRowColor{white} ↓ & ↓ \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 1) % Row 21 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} それでも → Even accepting that... & Normally I would expect → not very skilled \tn % Row Count 12 (+ 3) % Row 22 \SetRowColor{white} ↓ & ↓ \tn % Row Count 13 (+ 1) % Row 23 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 高すぎる → it's TOO expensive. & BUT \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 2) % Row 24 \SetRowColor{white} = So the speaker isn't necessarily comparing it with a normal expectation. & 実際 → 上手 \tn % Row Count 19 (+ 4) % Row 25 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} They're saying: "Fine. I'll grant you A. But even after granting A, B is still true." & So: \seqsplit{初心者にしては、上手だ。} → For a beginner, they're good. \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 5) % Row 26 \SetRowColor{white} & The important thing is the gap. \tn % Row Count 26 (+ 2) % Row 27 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bb=1\}\} & \{\{bb=1\}\} \tn % Row Count 27 (+ 1) % Row 28 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{高いにしては、品質が低い。} → Considering how expensive it is, the quality is low.} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 2) % Row 29 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Notice the difference:} \tn % Row Count 30 (+ 1) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{にしても vs にしては (cont)}} \tn % Row 30 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} にしても: expensive → {\bf{even so → too expensive}} & にしては: expensive → you'd expect good quality → {\bf{but quality is low}} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 5) % Row 31 \SetRowColor{white} \mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 0) % Row 32 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} それ にしても "Even if we take A as the case…" even if / even considering / even for & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 5) % Row 33 \SetRowColor{white} "PERO KAHIT GANUN PAMAN" - You acknowledge the fact (positive or negative) & それ \seqsplit{にしては "Considering} A, B is unexpectedly different." for / considering / unusually for \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 6) % Row 34 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & "Given that situation, it's \seqsplit{surprising/unexpected" (PERO} KAHIT/BAKIT GANUN...) \tn % Row Count 21 (+ 5) % Row 35 \SetRowColor{white} & A: \seqsplit{今日は雨が降って聞いた。} \tn % Row Count 23 (+ 2) % Row 36 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & B: \seqsplit{それにしてはいい天気だね。Pero} kahit ganoon, ang ganda ng panahon. \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{向け(むけ) vs 用(よう)}} \tn % Row 0 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{① N + \seqsplit{~向け(むけ)} = "aimed at / intended for"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{② N + \seqsplit{~用(よう)} = "for use / intended use"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{~向き "suitable for"}} \tn % Row Count 6 (+ 6) % Row 1 \SetRowColor{white} \{\{bt=2\}\}The focus is the target \seqsplit{audience/person/group}. & \{\{bt=2\}\}The focus is the purpose or use. & \{\{bt=2\}\}This is slightly different from 向け. \tn % Row Count 11 (+ 5) % Row 2 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} 向け = "pointed toward" & \{\{ar\}\} & 向け talks more about the intended target. \tn % Row Count 15 (+ 4) % Row 3 \SetRowColor{white} 向く = to face/turn toward & \{\{ar\}\} & 向き talks more about whether it suits that person. \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 5) % Row 4 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{🧠向け → 🎯 WHO are they targeting?}} & {\bf{🧠用 → 🔧 WHAT is it used for?}} & {\bf{🧠向き → 👍 WHO is it suitable for?}} \tn % Row Count 24 (+ 4) % Row 5 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{外国人向け} → targeted at foreigners & 仕事用 → used for work & \seqsplit{初心者向き} → suitable for beginners \tn % Row Count 28 (+ 4) % Row 6 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} & & Compare: \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 1) % Row 7 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{子供向けの映画} → a movie aimed at children & \seqsplit{子供用の靴} → shoes for children to use & \seqsplit{初心者向け} → \seqsplit{designed/targeted} at beginners \tn % Row Count 33 (+ 4) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{向け(むけ) vs 用(よう) (cont)}} \tn % Row 8 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} =It doesn't necessarily mean children actually use/watch it. It means the creator {\bf{designed it with children as the target.}} & \seqsplit{仕事用のバッグ} → a bag for work & \seqsplit{初心者向き} → suitable for beginners \tn % Row Count 10 (+ 10) % Row 9 \SetRowColor{white} 例: & & \seqsplit{この本は初心者向きです。} → This book is suitable for beginners. \tn % Row Count 16 (+ 6) % Row 10 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{初心者向けの本} → a book for beginners & \seqsplit{外出用の服} → clothes for going out & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 20 (+ 4) % Row 11 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{外国人向けのサービス} → a service aimed at foreigners & \seqsplit{日常用のバッグ} → a bag for everyday use & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 25 (+ 5) % Row 12 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} \seqsplit{女性向けの雑誌} → a magazine aimed at women & \seqsplit{「何に使う?」} "What is it used for?" & \{\{ar\}\} \tn % Row Count 29 (+ 4) % Row 13 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{高齢者向けの施設} → a facility intended for elderly people & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 35 (+ 6) \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} \vfill \columnbreak \begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} } \SetRowColor{DarkBackground} \mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{向け(むけ) vs 用(よう) (cont)}} \tn % Row 14 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} {\bf{Deeper Feeling:}} & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 2 (+ 2) % Row 15 \SetRowColor{white} 向け = "pointed toward" & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 5 (+ 3) % Row 16 \SetRowColor{LightBackground} So: 子供 + 向け = "pointed toward children" & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 9 (+ 4) % Row 17 \SetRowColor{white} \seqsplit{「誰に向けて?」} "Who is it directed toward?" & \{\{ar\}\} & \tn % Row Count 14 (+ 5) \hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---} \end{tabularx} \par\addvspace{1.3em} % That's all folks \end{multicols*} \end{document}