\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{jennilee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (i-heard-someone-said-v-.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jennilee)
  /Subject ("I heard" "Someone said" V-る そう Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{9BA350}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F8F9F4}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{"I heard" "Someone said" V-る そう Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/43030/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 3rd October, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"I've heard" "Apparently"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{"I've heard (from a source)" "Apparently"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{"I've heard" "Apparently it's not"}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}V \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}る\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} + そう & \{\{bt=2\}\}V ない + そう \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
い Adj + い / \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}な\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} Adj +  だそう & \seqsplit{ひろきはがっこうにこないそうです。} I've heard Hiroki won't come to school. \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-Who said / where you heard it is not really important & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Sounds formal; Used often in business situation / news & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
WORDS OFTEN USED: (Person) とよる "According to" & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{トムによるとこのケーキはおいしいそうです。} According to Tom, this cake is apparently delicious. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{桜は３月に咲くそうです。} I heard that Sakura blooms in March. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ポケモンカフェはかわいいそうです。			} I've heard that Pokemon cafe is cute. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"I've heard" "Apparently" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{*}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{WHEN YOU CAN'T USE そう}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Because this is based on something you see or feel at the moment you're speaking, you can't use it to give your interpretation of something that happened in the past. If you want to do that, you'll need to use either 〜らしい or 〜よう.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{You may have already seen the past form of the verb with 〜そう, but in this case the meaning is different. We're no longer reporting a judgement based on what we can see or feel. Instead, we're reporting something we've heard.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{あの木倒れたそうだよ！I} heard that that tree fell down!} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"I've heard" "Apparently" for rumors / hearsays}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Verb plain + らし "I've heard" "Apparently"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V plain / い-Adj + んだって "I heard that..."}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{い Adj + い / \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}な\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} Adj / Noun + らし}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Noun / な Adj + なんだって}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Can mean, "Apparently" -More common in daily conversations & -Used to express hearsay, in a similar way to "I heard that", or "It was said that". \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-Used a lot when spreading rumours & \seqsplit{❗️❗️なんだって} always appears after a noun, or a phrase that has been nominalized (with の or こと). This expression is informal and should be among your friends. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Who said/ where you heard it is not really important & -Can also use when A directly asks B something about B. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{あかりよひろしはわかれたらしいよ。		} I've heard / Apparently Akari and Hiroshi broke up. & \seqsplit{先生に聞いたんだけど、田中さんは東京大学に合格したんだって。} I heard from the teacher that Tanaka san got into the University of Tokyo. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"I've heard" "Apparently" for rumors / hearsays (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{この部屋は少し寒いんだって。窓を閉めてもいい？} He said that it's a little cold in this room. Can I close the window? \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Fun Fact: The adverbial particle とて itself is an abbreviation of expressions like と言って, and と思って. だとて (the full construction) may also be used, but is almost always replaced by だって, as it is far easier to say.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{と言う / って言う "I heard someone say"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{と言う / と言います "I say..."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{と言っていました / って言っていた}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{と言いました / って言った "I said..."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}Usage: "Third person said..." \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Usage: "I said" To quote what you said" & "I heard someone said/Someone told me" When you quote someone else's speech \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
"Someone said" simple and general statement on what someone said in the past. & "I JUST said that..." This can only be used when you want to quote what you JUST said, not quote someone else's. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{母おやは子どもにばんごはんができたと言いました。} & "He/she/they said (I heard he said)" \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
A mother said to her child that dinner is ready.  (母 can be used to your mother only or if you're telling a story of a random mother ははおや) & \seqsplit{天気【予報】よほうは明日は雨だっといっていました。} The weather forecast said it will rain tomorrow. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{田中さんはあした休むと言いました。} & \seqsplit{田中さんはあした休むと言っていました。} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{と言う / って言う "I heard someone say" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Tanaka {\bf{said that}} he would take a day off the next day. & I heard from Tanaka that he would take a day off the next day. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} & Tanaka {\bf{told me that}} he/she would take a day off the next day. \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{❗️❗️Perfective} いいました refers to a completed action. Typically, the utterance is followed by a description of what immediately followed Tanaka's remark. It may be a colleague gossiping about Tanaka's health or the boss showing displeasure, and so on. I don't necessarily suggest that the boss overruled Tanaka's leave, but it will come with far less surprise if Tanaka could not take a day off. & \seqsplit{❗️❗️Imperfective} \seqsplit{いっていました} means that Tanaka was still "saying" that he would be off from work tomorrow when the speaker finished their speech. In other words, there will be a surprise if Tanaka shows up to work next day \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 21)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
** & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{と言う / って言う "I heard someone say" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A simple and general statement on what someone said in the past. It is not clear to whom he said it. If it's a narration in a book, the listener would be the readers of that book. If it's a narration in a movie, the listener would be the audience of that movie, although the speaker/writer (the first person of that statement) can be the person who heard from that someone. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 19)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"According to somebody…"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{(Somebody) は + と言いました "Someone... said..."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{(Somebody) + によると /  によれば}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}Speaker は 「Plain form sentence」 \seqsplit{と言いました。} When writing a quote, it's okay to use the full quote. & \{\{bt=2\}\}"According to somebody…" Very formal \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{田中さんは「ねこが好き」と言いました。Mr}. Tanaka said, "I like cats." & \seqsplit{ニュースによれば、ちかごろぶっかがあがるそうです。} According to the news, prices are expected to rise in the near future. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{てんきよほうによると、あしたはあめだそうです。} According to the weather report, tomorrow it looks like it will rain. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Question word + と言う}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{「Word」 は + 日本語で + \seqsplit{なんと言いますか} "What is this in Japanese?"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{なん + と言う (Noun) (ですか) "A called B"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{(Someone) に (Sentence / plain form) と伝えていただけませんか}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}これは、日本語で何と言いますか。What is this in Japanese & \{\{bt=2\}\}『君のなは』と言う映画をみたことがありますか。		Have you seen a movie called Kimi no Nawa? & \{\{bt=2\}\}"Could you please tell him/her that..." To Politely ask someone to convey a message \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
「Thank youは \seqsplit{'ありがとうございます'} \seqsplit{と言います。"Thank} you in Japanese is "Arigatou Gozaimasu". & A. \seqsplit{本を読んでる。					I'm} reading a book.  B. \seqsplit{なんて言う本を読んでる？} / \seqsplit{なんと言う本ですか。	What's} the book called? & \seqsplit{みくさんに} \seqsplit{「あとで電話をください」} \seqsplit{と伝えていただけませんか。} Could you please tell Miku to call me later? \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 12)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Asking questions "How to read/write/say/mean"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{「Word」 で  なんと  言いますか}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{「Word」 なん と  読みますか}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{「Word」 なん と  書いてありますか}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{A は B と言ういみです}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}"How do you say.. in?" & \{\{bt=2\}\}"How do you read…" & \{\{bt=2\}\}"How do you write this?" & \{\{bt=2\}\}"A means B" \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{日本語でなんと言いますか。}  What is that written over there? & \seqsplit{あのかんじはなんと読みますか。}  How do you read that Kanji? & \seqsplit{あそこになんと書いてありますか。}  What is that written over there? & A. \seqsplit{このかんじはどう言ういみですか。} What does this Kanji mean? \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & B. \seqsplit{えいぎょうちゅうは} \seqsplit{「今、みせがあいている」} \seqsplit{と言ういみです。} \seqsplit{"Eigyouchuu"} means the shop is open for business today. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 15)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}