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% Document Info
\author{jennilee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (grammar-points-n5.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jennilee)
  /Subject (Grammar Points N5 Cheat Sheet)
}

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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Grammar Points N5 Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/44331/}}}
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\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\columnbreak
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 29th October, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Invite someone to do sthg}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{FORMAL FORM FOR INVITATION:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{(一緒に) \seqsplit{V-ませんか} "Won't you...?"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{"V-ましょうか "Shall I/We…"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{"V-ましょう "Lets..."}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}-When you want to invite someone to do something & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Used to invite someone. It is also  used when responding positively to an invitation. & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Used to invite someone. It is also  used when responding positively to an invitation. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{❗️❗️Note:} An invitation using V ませんか shows more \seqsplit{consideration} to the listener's will than that using V まし ょう. Sounds assertive. & -Can be used to offer help by asking someone. & -Can be used to offer help by asking someone. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 12)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{晩御飯を食べませんか。} Won't you eat dinner? & \seqsplit{晩御飯を食べましょうか。} Shall we eat dinner? & \seqsplit{晩御飯を食べましょう。} Let's eat dinner. \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Invite someone to do sthg (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{お茶を飲みませんか。} Won't you drink tea? & \seqsplit{お茶を飲みましょうか。} Shall we drink tea? & \seqsplit{お茶を飲みましょう。} Let's drink tea. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
一緒に 京都へ \seqsplit{行きませんか。		} Won't you go to Kyoto with us? & 一緒に 京都へ \seqsplit{行きましょうか。		} Shall we go to Kyoto together? & 一緒に 京都へ \seqsplit{行きましょう。		Let's} go to Kyoto together. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ちょっと休みませんか。			Won't} you take a break for a bit? & \seqsplit{ちょっと休みましょうか。		Shall} we take a break for a bit? & \seqsplit{ちょっと休みましょう。		Let's} take a break for a bit. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 11
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\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{PLAIN FORM FOR INVITATION:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-ない？"Won't you...?"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-おうか "Shall I/We…"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-おう "Lets..."}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}-Used with family, closed friends and social \seqsplit{subordinates.} & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Said with a rising intonation. & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 6)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-When we use plain form, we do not add か at the end of the sentence. Although doing so is not gramatically wrong, it will just sound like you're old and grumpy. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 13)
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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Invite someone to do sthg (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
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-Instead of か、say it in a rising tone to indicate it's an invitation that requires a response. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{晩御飯を食べない？} Won't you eat dinner? & \seqsplit{晩御飯を食べよう？} Shall eat dinner? & \seqsplit{晩御飯を食べよう。} Let's eat dinner. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{お茶を飲まない？} Won't you drink tea? & \seqsplit{お茶を飲もう？} Shall we drink tea? & \seqsplit{お茶を飲もう。} Let's drink tea. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
一緒に 京都へ \seqsplit{行かない。		} Won't you go to Kyoto with us? & 一緒に 京都へ \seqsplit{行こう？		} Shall we go to Kyoto together? & 一緒に 京都へ \seqsplit{行行こう。		Let's} go to Kyoto together. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{お茶にする？} Would you care for some tea? & \seqsplit{お茶にしよう？} Shall we have some tea? & \seqsplit{お茶にしよう。Let's} have some tea. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ちょっと休まない？			Won't} you take a break for a bit? & \seqsplit{ちょっと休もう？		Shall} we take a break for a bit? & \seqsplit{ちょっと休もう。		Let's} take a break for a bit. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
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\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Asking and Giving Permission}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-てもいい(ですか) "You may do..." }}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VARATIONS: }}} \tn 
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% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Ask Permission：}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{Give Permission：}} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{V-てもいい(ですか)} & \seqsplit{はい、V-てもいい} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{V-よろしい(ですか)} & \seqsplit{V-よろしい(です)} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{大丈夫(ですか)} & 大丈夫(です) \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【構う】かまいませんか。(Meaning}. to mind; to care about) & \seqsplit{【構う】かまわない。"I} don't mind." \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{はい、どうぞ。"Go} ahead." \tn 
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% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Examples:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{今帰ってもいいですか。} May I go home now? & \seqsplit{好きな車を選んでもいいです。} You may choose the car that you like. \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{電話を使ってもいいですか。} May I use the phone? & \seqsplit{ここで待ってもよろしいですか。} May I wait here? \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【今夜】こにゃ【洗濯】せんたくしてもいいですか。} May I do the laundry tonight? & \seqsplit{時間がまだあるから、もう【一曲】いっきょくを歌ってもいいですよ。} Because there's still time, you may sing one more song. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Asking and Giving Permission (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【黒板】こくばんを消してもいいですか。} May I erase the blackboard? & \seqsplit{昼ごはんの前に、泳いでもいいです。} You may swim before lunch. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{一つ質問をきいていいですか？	Do} you mind if I ask you a question? & \seqsplit{君と日本語を【練習】れんしゅうしても構う】かまいませんか。} May I practive Japanese with you? \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{て FORM FOR NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{な-Adj are grammatically nouns; hence, will take だ。The て form for だ is (で)。} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
な-Adj / Noun + \seqsplit{でもいいです(か)} & \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}い\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}-Adj + \seqsplit{くてもいいです(か)} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{お茶でもいいですか。} How about some tea? & \seqsplit{高くてもいいですか。} Is it okay even if it's expensive? \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{はい、お茶でもいいです。} Yes, some tea is good. & \seqsplit{はい、高くてもいいです。} Yes, it's okay even if it's expensive. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{簡単でもいいですか。} Is (something) simple good. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{はい、簡単でもいいです。} Yes、 (something) simple good. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

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\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{PROHIBITION "Can't do; Not allowed to do…"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-ては いけません / なりません "Not allowed to do; may not do; must not do" }}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{なりません - Objective; Gives a feeling that it is an obligation. Like you have to do it because others expect us to do it.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-The speaker must fulfill their obligations under the laws, social norms, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{いけません Subjective; "I have to…" "I need to…"} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Speaker feels that they have to do it. Feels the need to do something because of personal reasons.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VARATIONS: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{V-て(は)ならない} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{V-て(は)いけない} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{V-ては / じゃ ダメ(です)} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{V-ては 困る / 困ります} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Examples:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{V-て(は)ならない}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{FORMAL; Writing; Objective }}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-This is a formal and official speech so it does not sound soft.} \tn 
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% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Only used if you are a person of authority} \tn 
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% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{日本では電車で電話をかけてはならない。In} Japan, you can't make a phone call on the train.} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OBLIGATION "You must; I must"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{なければならない / なりません}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{ないといけない}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{CASUAL: なきゃダメ}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}Written & \{\{bt=2\}\}Conversation & \{\{bt=2\}\}もう帰らなきゃだめだ。 I need to go home. (If you add だめ、it sounds like you are more desperate) \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{【病院】びょういんに【行かな】いかないといけないよ。} {[}You{]} have to go to the hospital. & \seqsplit{漢かん字じをもっと練習】れんしゅうしなきゃだめ（だ} / です）。 {[}I{]} must practice kanji more. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 10)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Note: なければ actually sounds really formal and is rarely used in conversation. By replacing なければ with なきゃ、 you can make your speech more suitable for conversation. In this context、 だめだ or いけない should be used.} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{OBLIGATION "You must; I must" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{なくちゃ is short for なくては。ては is another way of saying "If" but not used often. You can seeては with いけません which means、 not allowed to do something.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-てしまう / ちゃう "I unfortunately; I completely" }}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{MEANINGS:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Expresses regret/guilt because you admit that you did something bad.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{2. "To get it over and done with". To get things done all at once so that it won't bother you anymore. Often used when you made up your mind to do something "Okay, let's get it done". Usually used in volitional form しまいましょう / しまおう. か particle is also used when you make up your mind to do something.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 7)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{3. "To finish (food/drink) something so it won't bother you anymore". used in volitional or request form.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{4. "If you don't do it then something bad might happen" Nuance: If this thing had happened, then you can't do anything about it. You cannot take it back, undo it. You can also use the past tense V-てしまった to say that "something bad had happened" (and you cannot do anything about it).} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{❗️❗️Caution: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{-Usually is not used in the past tense to say V-てしまった "got things done". Although this is correct grammar, it may sound like doing something to get things done is something bad. Because this grammar has another function which means "to regret doing something".} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Expresses \seqsplit{regret/guilt} for your own action }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{To get things done all at once }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{To finish \seqsplit{(food/drink)} all at once}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{To say something bad might happen}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{先生、すいません、遅れてしまいました。} & \seqsplit{よし、部屋をよし、【片付けて】かたづけてしまおう。} & A. \seqsplit{もう遅いから私帰るね。} & \seqsplit{【急ぐ】いそがないと、【飛行機】ひこうきに乗り遅れちゃうよ。} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 9)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Sensei, I'm sorry I'm late (and I regret it). & Okay, let's clean up the room (and get it over and done with). & It's late, I'm going home. & If you don't hurry, you will miss the plane. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
VS & VS & B. \seqsplit{あとウイスキーちょっとだけ【残ってる】のこってるからさあ、こんなちょっと残しても仕方がないから、これ全部飲んじゃおう。} & \seqsplit{田中さん、} \seqsplit{どうして} \seqsplit{田中さん} \seqsplit{いつも私にこんなに優しくしてくれるの？} 私 \seqsplit{田中さんのこと好きになっちゃうよ。田中さん、ちゃんと【責任】せきにん取ってね。} \tn 
% Row Count 46 (+ 23)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{先生、すいません、遅れてしまいました。} & \seqsplit{よし、部屋を【片付けて】かたづけよう。} & There's a little bit of whisky left. No use in leaving that fraction of it. So let's finish it all. & \seqsplit{Tanaka-san}, why are you always so nice to me? I'm starting to like you. Tanaka, you need to take \seqsplit{responsibility}. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
Sensei, I'm sorry I'm late. & Let's clean up the room. (No nuance of having it done so that it won't bother me in the future). & \seqsplit{このサラダ残しても捨てるだけだからさあ、全部食べちゃって。} & (Nuance: Once I started liking you, then there's nothing you can do about it. You're doomed.) \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 10)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
(Nuance: It seems like you are not sorry about it and not \seqsplit{acknowledging} that I did something bad). & \seqsplit{よし、今日【請求書】せいきゅうしょ。全部払ってしまおう。} & Leftovers of salad will just go to waste. So just finish it all. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{すみません。} \seqsplit{ねぼしてしまいました。} & Well, let's pay all the bills at once today (let's get it done). & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
I'm sorry I overslept (and I feel bad about it). & (Nuance: I know that sooner or later I need to pay the pile of bills anyway so I will pay \seqsplit{everything} all at once. By doing so, I could get rid of the problem so it won't bother me anymore in the future.) & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 21)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【書類】しょるいを忘れてしまいました。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I'm sorry, I forgot the document. & \{\{ar\}\} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}て\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} \seqsplit{ちゃった} (past) "I knew I shouldn't but I still do..."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}て\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} ちゃえ "Screw it, let's do it"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}て\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ちゃおう!}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 8)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}-To express regret taht you have done something & \{\{bt=2\}\}-This is in Rude \seqsplit{Imperative} form but this form sounds friendly and \seqsplit{mischievous-} & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Volitional form: Screw it, let's do it and don't worry about the \seqsplit{consequences} &  \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 9)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{❌❌DONTs:} Must not be used to mean "To have something done" as it will mean that you feel bad doing it & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{ピカチュウを買っちゃった。} & \seqsplit{買ちゃえ！} Fucking buy it! & \seqsplit{この高いけど、買ちゃおう！} &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I couldn't help but buy a Picachu. & (This is supposed to be rough language but this grammar sounds friendly and \seqsplit{mischievous)} & This dress is pricey but (screw it) I'll buy it. &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 9)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
(I knew I shouldn't but I bought Picachu.) & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{どっちも買ちゃいましょう。You} should buy both! (Don't worry about the \seqsplit{consequences)}. &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 10)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 0)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{❌部屋を【片付けて】かたづけてしまった。} & A. \seqsplit{食べてもいいかな。。。？} I wonder if I can eat it. &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I cleaned up my room. (and it's something bad). & B. \seqsplit{食べちゃえ！} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
(People don't use past tense of this grammar "got things done. It may sound like cleaning up the room is something bad). & (It's fine) Eat it! (Screw it!) &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 13)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{**} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VOCABS: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 1)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{【書類】しょるい : document; official papers} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【提出】ていしゅう} : presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【請求書】せいきゅうしょ} : bill, account, invoice} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【小説】しょうせつ} : novel; (short) story} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 1)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{【表紙】ひようし : cover (of a book, magazine, etc.); binding} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てしまう Regret / Completion (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{こぼす : to spill; to drop; to shed (tears)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【責任取】せきにん} : duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Nominalization}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{MAKE NOUN-BASED SUBORDINATE CLAUSES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{-Noun based subordinate clauses describe nouns within a sentence and allow you to make and sophisticated Japanese sentences} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{-Subordinate Clauses have a subject and verb that don't convey a complete idea.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{-They often signals the words: that, which, who, where, when clauses} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{-Noun based subordinate clauses are made simply by putting the plain form of the verb before the noun} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{-The subject of the subordinate clause uses the subject particle が} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 0)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{Ex. "The car THAT I will buy"} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{(私が)買う車 = 私が can be omitted as it is already implied that you are talking about YOUR car} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{「買う車」 is a subordinate clause describing 車} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 0)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Examples: }} &  & {\bf{Sentences: }} &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{買った車} & = The car (that) I bought & \seqsplit{買ってはいけない車} The car (that) you're not allowed to buy &  \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 7)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{買わない車} & = The car I won't buy & \seqsplit{買う車はトヨタです。} The car that I will buy is a Toyota. &  \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Nominalization (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{買わなかった車} & = The car that I did not buy & Main sentence: \seqsplit{車はトヨタです。} &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{買ってもいい車} & = The car that you may buy & \seqsplit{Subordinate} clause: 買う車 &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{(買ってもいい describes 車)} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{買ってはいけない車} & = The car (that) you're not allowed to buy & \seqsplit{買った車はよくないです。} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{買ってしまった車} & = The car I \seqsplit{unfortunately} bought & The car that I bought is not good. &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{朝ごはんを食べるお客さん} & = The customer who will eat breakfast & \seqsplit{買った車を妹にやります。} &  \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{結婚する女} & = The woman who will get married & I will give the car that I bought to my sister. &  \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{彼が君に【渡す】わたしたおお金} & = The money he handed over to you & (Note that the particle を is used as \seqsplit{買った車} is the direct object of the sentence which is a noun that receives the action of the verb) &  \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 15)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Nominalization (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{When the subjects of the main and subordinate clause are different, the subject of the subordinate clause takes が and the subject of the main clause typically takes は}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{SAME SUBJECT}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{DIFFERENT SUBJECTS (main and \seqsplit{subordinate} clauses)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{2 \seqsplit{SUBORDINATE} CLAUSES IN 1 SENTENCE}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{SUBORDINATE CLAUSE AS THE DIRECT OBJECT}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 7)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}-Subject in the \seqsplit{subordinate} clause can be omitted & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Note that you have to mention both the subjects of the main and \seqsplit{subordinate} clauses if it happens that the sentence has 2 different subjects. & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 15)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 0)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【銀座】ギンザで買った酒を飲む。} & \seqsplit{食べた料理は寿司でした。} & \seqsplit{食べた料理は田中さんが寿司でした。} & \seqsplit{買った車を妹にやります。} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Nominalization (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I will drink sake that I bought at the Ginza. & The dish that I ate was sushi. & The dish that I ate was sushi that Mr Tanaka made. & I will give the car that I bought to my sister. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{弟は私が買った車を運転します。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & My younger brother will drive the car that I bought. & \seqsplit{仕事で疲れた私は【銀座】ギンザで買った酒を飲む。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 8)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
 & (We add 私が as the subject of the \seqsplit{subordinate} clause is different from the subject of the main clause which is 弟は) & I who am tired from work will drink sake that I bought from Ginza. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 13)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb Nominalization (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & \seqsplit{仕事で疲れた} = describes 私 & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & \seqsplit{【銀座】ギンザで買った} = describes 酒 & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nominalization using の and こと}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-Transform noun, adjective, and verb clauses into a noun → NOMINALIZATION} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-Subject, predicate, direct object, indirect object, etc.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-If the clause to be nominalized ends with "Noun + だ/です (is, am, are, to be)：  だ/です changes to であることは / だと言うこと if you are going to use こと. If you use の、change だ/です to なの。*} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{MEANINGS：}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. "The fact that..."} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2.  "to (verb)..." Ex. To eat} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3. gerund - "...ing..." Ex. Eating} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{こと = general fact }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{の = Emotional investment / connection}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{タバコを吸うことは【健康】けんこうに悪いです。} & \seqsplit{タバコを吸うのは【健康】けんこうに悪いです。} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
Smoking is bad for the health. & Smoking is bad for the health. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{窓を閉めることを忘れないでください。} & \seqsplit{去年彼女が結婚したのを知っていますか。} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
Don't forget to close the window. & Did you know she got married last year? \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{車を買うのを考えています。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nominalization using の and こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I'm thinking of buying a car. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{NOMINALIZE NOUN PHRASES}}*} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Noun (\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}だ/です\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}) + であること / だということ}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Noun (\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}だ/です\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}) + なの}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 4)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【津波】つなみであることは危ないです。} & \seqsplit{【津波】つなみなのは危ないです。} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
OR \seqsplit{【津波】つなみだと言うことは危ないです。} & It's dangerous that it's a tsunami. \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 4)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
It's dangerous that it's a tsunami. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
(That it's a tsunami = needs to be nominalized) & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 0)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{女の子であることはとても嬉しいです。} & \seqsplit{女の子だと言うなのはとても嬉しいです。} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{女の子だと言うことはとても嬉しいです。} & I'm so happy it's a baby girl. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
I'm so happy it's a baby girl. & (It is not indicated in the sentence who is happy that it's a baby girl but if you are going to use の to nominalize it, it is clear that YOU yourself is the one who's happy) \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nominalization using の and こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{NOMINALIZE NOUN PHRASES}}*} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{い/な-Adj い/な + こと = general fact; distant }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{い/な-Adj い/な + の = emotional connection}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{い-ADJ}} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{赤ちゃんが可愛いことは当たり前です。} & \seqsplit{赤ちゃんが可愛いのは当たり前です。} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
It's natural that babies are cute. & It's natural that babies are cute. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{今年の冬が暖かいことは変です。} & \seqsplit{今年の冬が暖かいのは変です。} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
It's strange that this year's winter is warm. & It's strange that this year's winter is warm. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{な-ADJ}} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{彼らは赤ちゃんが元気なことを【確しかめる】たしかめる。} & \seqsplit{彼らは赤ちゃんが元気なのを【確しかめる】たしかめる。} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{white}
They make sure that the baby is healthy. & They make sure that the baby is healthy. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 0)
% Row 46
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{彼が有名なことはニュースで分かった。} & \seqsplit{彼が有名なのはニュースで分かった。} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nominalization using の and こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 47
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I understood from the news that he is famous. & I understood from the news that he is famous. \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 48
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 0)
% Row 49
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 0)
% Row 50
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{WHEN TO ONLY USE こと}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{WHEN TO ONLY USE の}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 51
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{1. こと is part of a set pattern/formula: }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{1. There is emotional \seqsplit{investment：好き、嫌い} }} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 52
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{★Experience：V-た} + ことがある & Ex. \seqsplit{私は日本の歌を歌うのが好きです。I} like to sing Japanese songs. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 5)
% Row 53
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
★Occasional Occurence：V-る + ことがある & \seqsplit{部屋を掃除するのが嫌いです。} I hate cleaning my room. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 54
\SetRowColor{white}
★Ability：V-る + ことができる & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 55
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
★"I decide to"： V-る + ことにする & \{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{2. The verb in the main sentence is a verb of perception: 見る、見える、聞く、聞こえる、感じる、味わう}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 7)
% Row 56
\SetRowColor{white}
★"It will be decided to"：V-る + ことになる & Ex.  \seqsplit{お母さんがサンタさんをキスしたのを見た。} I saw Mommy kissing Santa Claus. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nominalization using の and こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 57
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{あなたが日本の歌を歌うのを聴きます。
I} will listen to you sing a Japanese song. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 58
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{子供達が笑っているのが聞こえます。} I hear the children laughing. (Lit. The children laughing is audible.) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 59
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 60
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{2. The sentence is abstract, indirect or general. }} & \{\{border=1\}\}3. {\emph{When you want to be emphatic }} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 61
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ex. \seqsplit{生きることは誰はを愛することです。} To live is to love somebody. & Ex. \seqsplit{彼女を殺したのは彼だ！} It is he who killed her. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 62
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{見ることは信じることです。} Seeing is believing. & \seqsplit{雨が降ったのは土曜日です。} It was on Saturday that it rained. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 4)
% Row 63
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【未成年者】みせいねんしゃにアルコールを売ることは【違反】いはんです。} Selling alcohol to minors is illegal. & \seqsplit{君を助けたのは俺だ！} It was I who saved you. \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Nominalization using の and こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 64
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 65
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \{\{border=1\}\}4. {\emph{When making an explanatory sentence}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 66
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A. \seqsplit{遅れましたね。You're} late! \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 67
\SetRowColor{white}
 & B. \seqsplit{【目覚まし】めざまし【時計】どけいがならなかったの/んです。} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 5)
% Row 68
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & (That's because) my alarm didn't go off. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.16956 cm} x{0.8354 cm} x{1.12779 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{もの vs こと}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{【物】 もの}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{【事】 こと}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}Thing; object (usually tangible) & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}Thing; matter. Something \seqsplit{intangible} (i.e. You can't hold it) (More on actions) & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Convert verbs to noun \seqsplit{counterparts} that mean things. Note that this does not work on all verbs. &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ます\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} + もの : V-ing &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
V-る + もの : Things to V &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{買い物。} Shopping. &  & \seqsplit{すること。} Things to do. &  \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.16956 cm} x{0.8354 cm} x{1.12779 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{もの vs こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
VS &  & \seqsplit{怖いこと。} Scary thing to do. &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{買う物。} Things to buy. &  & \seqsplit{悪いこと。} Something bad &  \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{高いものはいらない。} &  & \seqsplit{考えていること。} &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
I don't need expensive things. &  & Things one is thinking about. &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{なんか美味しいもの食べようか。} &  & \seqsplit{手伝えることはありますか。} &  \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
Let`s go eat something yummy, shall we ? &  & Is there anything I can do to help? &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 0)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VERBS TO THINGS }}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 0)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
化ける change into something bad/take form of & ➜ \seqsplit{化け物} monster & \seqsplit{【破れる】} われる to break & ➜ 破れ物 fragile items \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 5)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
食べる to eat & ➜ \seqsplit{食べ物} food & 忘れる to forget & ➜ 忘れ物 forgotten items \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.16956 cm} x{0.8354 cm} x{1.12779 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{もの vs こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
落とす to drop & ➜ \seqsplit{落とし物} lost items & 書く to write & ➜ 書物 writing materials \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
呼ぶ to call & ➜ \seqsplit{呼びもの} an \seqsplit{attraction} & \seqsplit{【履く】} はく to wear footwear & ➜ \seqsplit{【履物】はきもの} footwear \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
飲む to drink & ➜ \seqsplit{飲み物} drink & 聞く to listen & ➜ 聞き物 a highlight \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
乗る to ride & ➜ \seqsplit{乗り物} \seqsplit{vehicles} & \seqsplit{【巻く】} まく to roll & ➜ 巻物 a scroll \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
持つ to own & ➜ \seqsplit{持ち物} \seqsplit{personal} effects & \seqsplit{【置く】　おく} to put & ➜ 置き物 figurine \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
買う to buy & ➜ \seqsplit{買い物} \seqsplit{shopping} & つく to be attached & ➜ \seqsplit{付きもの} accessory \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 3)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【揚げる】} あげる to fry & ➜ \seqsplit{揚げ物} fried foods & \seqsplit{【焼く】} やく to bake & ➜ 焼き物 pottery \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
生きる to live & ➜ \seqsplit{生き物} living things & \seqsplit{【打つ】うつ} to hit & ➜ \seqsplit{うちもの} weapons \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
入れる to put in & ➜ \seqsplit{入れ物} \seqsplit{container} & 洗う to wash & ➜ 洗い物 things to wash \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.16956 cm} x{0.8354 cm} x{1.12779 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{もの vs こと (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
考える to think & ➜ \seqsplit{考えもの} a puzzle & \seqsplit{【拾う】ひろう} to pick up & ➜ 拾い物 a find \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
借りる to borrow & ➜ \seqsplit{借り物} \seqsplit{borrowed} thing & もらう to receive & ➜ 貰い物 received gift \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
着る to wear & ➜ 着物 a kimono & 吸う to inhale & ➜ 吸い物 clear soup \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
見る to see & ➜ \seqsplit{見もの} \seqsplit{spectacle} & 使う to use & ➜ 使い物 useful thing \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
見せる to show & ➜ \seqsplit{見せもの} exhibit & 笑う to laugh & ➜ 笑い物 laughing stock \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【投げる】} なげる to throw & ➜ \seqsplit{投げ物} \seqsplit{liquidated} goods & 建てる to build & ➜ 建物 buildings \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The way of doing\textasciitilde{}"	 方 vs の仕方 vs 方法}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Usages:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{-Adding 方 to the masu-stem of a verb to mean 'way of doing verb' e.g. 食べ方 (way of eating)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{-する verbs are irregular. The correct way to write it would be 勉強の仕方. So, quite simply,  仕方 is used with する verbs.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{-You could replace  仕方  with  方法  to get  勉強の方法  but this is just the formality difference} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{-仕方 also appears in set phrases like 仕方がない ("it can't be helped").} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Comparison: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{方 }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{方法}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}1. If you read it as "hou" means direction; toward to somewhere. & \{\{bt=2\}\}This is used only for "how to use/ the way to do it" &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{こっちの方(こっちの"ほう")＝this} direction/ this one & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
2. If you read it as "kata" means person & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{あの方(あの"かた")＝that} person (honorific) & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The way of doing\textasciitilde{}"	 方 vs の仕方 vs 方法 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
3. Comparing & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{まだいい方(まだいい"ほう")＝still} the better one & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 5)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
4. Your / my side & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
5. Field & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{やり方(やり"かた")＝way} of doing & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ます\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} +  【方】　かた}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{  Noun の + 【仕方】しかた}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-plain +  【方法】　ほうほう}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}Formation: & \{\{bt=2\}\}-仕方 is a noun; hence, の particle is required & \{\{bt=2\}\}Formation: \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
Noun の + V-ます \seqsplit{【方】　かた} &  & V-plain +  【方法】 ほうほう \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Noun の + \seqsplit{【仕方】しかた} &  & Noun の +  【方法】 ほうほう \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 0)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ここへの行き方を知っていますか。} & \seqsplit{仕方(が)ない。} & \seqsplit{【仲良】なかよくなる方法。} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The way of doing\textasciitilde{}"	 方 vs の仕方 vs 方法 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Do you know how to get here? & There's no way of doing it. (It can't be helped.) & How to get along. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{この漢字の読み方はなんですか。} & \seqsplit{フランス料理の仕方を勉強しますた。} & \seqsplit{イギリス人の方法} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
How do you read this kanji? & I studied the way of doing French cuisine. & The British way \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【箸】はしの使い方を教えています。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{私のほうほう} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I'm teaching how to use chopsticks. & \{\{ar\}\} & My way \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{先生の教え方が好きです。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{日本語を勉強した方法だ。} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I like the teacher's way of teaching. & \{\{ar\}\} & The way I studied Japanese. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 3)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【機械】きかいの使い方が分かりますか。} & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{アメリカの方法はちょっと強いだと思う。} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{The way of doing\textasciitilde{}"	 方 vs の仕方 vs 方法 (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Do you know the way to use the machine? & \{\{ar\}\} & I think the american way is a little strong. \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{京都への一番早い生き方は【新幹線】しんかんせんです。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The fastest way of going to Kyoto is the bullet train. & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Express: "Want (to do); Don't want (to do)"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Use this conjugation only for yourself or when asking people what they want or don't want to do.} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-It is okay to use 2nd persons when asking questions.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-は shall be used to mark the direct object in a negative sentence while を in an affirmative one.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{POSITIVE}}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ex. \seqsplit{日本語を勉強しなかったです。}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{I wanted to study Japanese.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{❌❌DONTs:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-This cannot be used when talking about someone's wants. You cannot presume what someone is thinking.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-Don't use this to make invitations as it would sound too direct, blunt and impolite as if the person is dying to do the action. Use V-ませんか instead for invitations.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{WHEN REFERRING TO WHAT OTHER PEOPLE WANT/DO NOT WANT (TO DO)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{1. V-たがる "It seems like (A) wants (to do verb)..."} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-When using たがる、we can no longer use the particle が to mark the direct object but have to use を because it is now a full verb and no longer an adjective.} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 4)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{2. V-たいと思います "I think A wants to do..."} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{を/が particles can be used to mark the direct object particle as V-たい is both a verb and an adjective} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Express: "Want (to do); Don't want (to do)" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{3. \seqsplit{V-たいと言っていました} "(A) said that he/she wants to do..."} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{4. Other modalities: \seqsplit{そうだ、野田、らしい、みたい}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ます\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}たい "Want (to do verb)"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 0)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{日本に行きたい。} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{I want to go to Japan.} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{日本の会社で働きたい。}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{I want to work at a Japanese company.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{見たかった。} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{I wanted to see it.} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{"I WANT (NOUN)"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{\textless{}Noun\textgreater{} がほしい "I want (noun)}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 0)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 0)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 0)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 0)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{リンゴが欲しいんですが。}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{I would like an apple (if that's okay).} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 41
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 42
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 43
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 44
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 45
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VOCABS:}} \newline  \newline しんけんに seriously; in a serious manner}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Easy to\textasciitilde{}; Difficult to\textasciitilde{}"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ます\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} \seqsplit{やすいです} "Easy to do...; V will easily happen}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ます\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}　やすくない "It isn't easy to do..."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ます\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}　にくいです \seqsplit{"Difficult} to do...; V will not easily happen"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ます\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}　にくくない "It's difficult to do..."}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}-Takes particle は/が & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{このアプリは使いやすです。} & \seqsplit{寿司は食べやすかないです。} & \seqsplit{はしでは食べにくいです。} & \seqsplit{【納豆】なっとうは食べにくくないです。} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 6)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
This (phone) app is easy to use. & Sushi isn't easy to eat. & It's hard to eat with \seqsplit{chopsticks}. & Fermented beans isn't hard to eat. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{先生の説明はわかりやすいです。} & \seqsplit{彼の話し方はわかりや苦なかったです。} & \seqsplit{車の【窓】まどガラスは【割る】われにくくて、安全ですよ。} &  \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Easy to\textasciitilde{}; Difficult to\textasciitilde{}" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The teacher's \seqsplit{explanation} is easy to \seqsplit{understand}. & His way of talking wasn't easy to \seqsplit{understand}. & The car's glass window is hard to break, so it is safe. &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{この薬は水に【混ぜる】まぜると、飲みやすくなりますよ。} &  & \seqsplit{雨の日は【洗濯】せんたく物が【乾く】かわきにくいです。} &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
If you mix this medicine with water, it will be easy to take. &  & Things won't dry easily on a rainy day. &  \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 7)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【調節】ちょうせつしやすい【椅子】いすがありますか。} &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Easy to\textasciitilde{}; Difficult to\textasciitilde{}" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Do you have easy to adjust chair? &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{雪の日は【道】みちがよく【滑る】すべりやすいです。} &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 8)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
On snowy days, it's easy to slip on the roads. &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{白いシャツは【汚れる】よごれやすいです。} &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A white shirt gets dirty easily. &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{**} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{AS THESE ARE \seqsplit{TECHNICALLY} い-ADJ, USE IT AS ANY OTHER ADJ.}} &  & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{CAN BE USED AS AN ADVERB}} &  \tn 
% Row Count 36 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Easy to\textasciitilde{}; Difficult to\textasciitilde{}" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Can be put to any other noun to modify it. &  & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{やすい}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{にくい}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{Adjective}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{Adverb}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{分かりやすい言葉} & \seqsplit{分かりにくい先生} & \seqsplit{開けやすい} & ➜  \seqsplit{開けやすく} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
easy to \seqsplit{understand} word & hard to \seqsplit{understand} teacher & \seqsplit{開けにくい} & ➜ \seqsplit{開けにくく} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{飲みやすいジュース} & \seqsplit{食べにくいステーキ} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
easy to drink juice & hard to eat steak & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{ドアノブでドアが開けやすくします} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 5)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  &  & I will make it easy to open. \seqsplit{(します} is a \seqsplit{transitive} verb; hence, will take the particle を) \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Easy to\textasciitilde{}; Difficult to\textasciitilde{}" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  &  & \seqsplit{ドアノブでドアを開けやすくなります} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  &  & The door becomes easy to open with a doorknob. \seqsplit{(なるます} is an \seqsplit{intransitive} verb; hence, will take the particle が) \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 12)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  &  & \seqsplit{【鍵】かぎでドアが開けにくくします。} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 6)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  &  & With a lock, I'll make the door difficult to open. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 0)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  &  & \seqsplit{【錆】さびでドアが開けにくくなった。} \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Easy to\textasciitilde{}; Difficult to\textasciitilde{}" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  &  & Because of the rust, the door became difficult to open. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 0)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  &  & \seqsplit{難しい言葉で、文をわかりにくくします。} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  &  & With difficult words, I'll make the sentence hard to \seqsplit{understand}. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 0)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  &  & \seqsplit{【字幕】じまくスーパーがないから映画は分かりにくくなります。} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 9)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  &  & Because there are no subtitles, the movie becomes hard to \seqsplit{understand}. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 7)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VOCABS:}} \newline  \newline 【調節】ちょうせつ：regulation; adjustment; control \newline 【混ぜる】まぜる：mix  \newline 【破れる】やぶれる：to tear; to rip; to break; to destroy \newline 【滑る】すべる：to glide; to slide \newline 【錆】さび：rust \newline 【字幕】じまくスーパー：subtitles}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てみる vs ようとする "TRY / ATTEMPT"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-てみる "To try doing and see the outcome"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Volitional-ようとする "Tried to do, but didn't or couldn't (but failed)"}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Can only be used if it is your first time doing/trying it or it's been a long time/a while since you did it. & -Tried to do something but ended up not doing it right/failed (it does not always because of yourself, it can be because of a situation that is why you failed); or did not do it in the end \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 10)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-When the other will probably say no but you will try & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-When you know that it will be hard but you will try anyway & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ラメんを作ってみた。} & \seqsplit{ラメんをつ作ろうとした。} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
I tried making ramen.  (for the first time / though it was hard) & I tried attempted to make ramen (but I couldn't) \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{テラミスをを作ってみたが【失敗】しっぱいしてしまった。} & \seqsplit{写真を撮ろうしたけど、【電池】でんちがきれた。} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V-てみる vs ようとする "TRY / ATTEMPT" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I tried making tiramisu but I (sadly) failed. & I tried to take a picture but my battery died. (and I couldn't) \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{ドアを閉めてみましたができませんでした。} & \seqsplit{写真を撮ろうしたけど、他の人に前をあるかれた。} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I tried to close the door but couldn't. & I tried to take a picture but someone walked in front of me. (and I couldn't) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{毎日運動してみろ！} & \seqsplit{きゅうりを食べようとしたけど、【無理】むりだった。} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Try to exercise everyday! & I tried to eat a cucumber but I couldn't (it was impossible) \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{この車を運転して見てもいいですか。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
May I try to (test) drive this car? & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 0)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{NEGATIVE FORM V-てみたくない "I don't want to try"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【工場】こうじょうで仕事してみたくないです。}} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{I don't want to try working at a factory.} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ADJECTIVE CONNECTOR}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{POSITIVE TO POSITIVEADJECTIVES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}い\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}-Adj + くて "And..."}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}な\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}-Adj / Noun + で "And..."}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
To connect adj in a sentence. Positive to positive & To connect adj in a sentence. Positive to positive only \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
けど = Used for Negative to Positive & だけど = Negative to Positive \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{この料理はおいしくて安いです。} & \seqsplit{田中さんはきれいで【新設】しんせつです。} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
This dish is delicious and cheap. & Ms Tanaka is beautiful and kind. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{⭕️彼は私の【同僚】どうりょうで、友達です。} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & He is my colleague and my friend. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{❌彼は私の【同僚】どうりょうと友達です。} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & (You cannot use とwe are connecting 2 sentences.) \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{⭕️私の休みは土曜日と日曜日です。} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 3)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & と particle is used as this is only one sentence. If you will split this into two sentences, it will become, "My day off is Saturday, and my day off is Sunday" which does not make any sense. \tn 
% Row Count 39 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ADJECTIVE CONNECTOR (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE ADJECTIVES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}い\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}-Adj + けど "But; However"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}な\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}-Adj / Noun + だけど "But; However"}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 4)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{white}
-Used to connect two contradicting phrases & -Used to connect two contradicting phrases \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
❗️❗️Note: You must put けど after a negation (ない) AT ALL TIMES. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{買ったけど壊れた。} & \seqsplit{明日仕事だけど飲む。} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{white}
I bought it but it broke. & It will rain tomorrow but it will be warm. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 3)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【辛い】つらいけど諦めない。} & \seqsplit{綺麗だけど高い。} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
It's difficult but I won't give up. & It's beautiful but it's expensive. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{綺麗じゃないけど安い。} & \seqsplit{嫌いだけど食べる。} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
It isn't pretty but it's cheap. & I hate it, but I'll eat it. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 2)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{嫌いじゃないけどいらない。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 2)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{white}
I don't hate it but I don't want it . & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ADJECTIVE CONNECTOR (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{ V-る/ない / い-Adj / から "Because" }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{だから "Because" }} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}❗️❗️Note: Can also use with negative form -ない even if it's a な adjective & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Used if you want to say Because at the beginning of the sentence \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 5)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 0)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{雨だから行かない。} & \seqsplit{春だから山が綺麗} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{white}
I'm not going because it's raining. & The mountains are beautiful because it's Spring. \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{おばあさんは元気だから山を【上る】のぼれる。} & \seqsplit{その綺麗だから住みたい。} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 34
\SetRowColor{white}
My grandmother can climb a mountain because she's healthy. & I want to live in that house because it's beautiful. \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 35
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{そろそろ行くから【準備】じゅんびして} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 36
\SetRowColor{white}
Get ready because we're leaving. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 37
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{楽しいから帰ったくない。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 38
\SetRowColor{white}
I don't want to go home because I'm having fun. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ADJECTIVE CONNECTOR (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 39
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{頭よくなりたいから勉強する。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 40
\SetRowColor{white}
I study because I want to become smart. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VERB CONNECTOR}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{To enumerate actions}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 0)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-たり、V-たり。。。する "I do... do... and so on." (for verbs and adj)" }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-て "AND THEN"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{し "On top of that; Not only that; and; and what's more \textasciitilde{} (emphasis)" }} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-Enumerate a few actions among many, in no particular order (verbs) & -To combine 2 verbs in a sentence & -When you list 1 fact and add more information by listing verbs, nouns or adjectives \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Describe repetitive actions (verbs) & -To list what you do (actions) \seqsplit{chronologically} & -Used for \seqsplit{exaggeration;} complaining \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 4)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
-Describe inconsistent states and situations \seqsplit{(adj、nouns)} & -The ending verb decides the tense of the entire sentence & も particle is used in replaced to を \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & それに is used when adding another sentence. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 0)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{土曜日は本をよんたリ、コーヒーを飲んだり、友達と電話で話したり、買い物に行ったりします。} & \seqsplit{7時に起きて、8時に朝ごはんを食べました。} & \seqsplit{マルコくん優しいし、笑顔も素敵だし、面白いし、あと、めっちゃ話しやすい。} \tn 
% Row Count 40 (+ 11)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VERB CONNECTOR (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
On Saturday I read books, drink coffee, talk to my friends on the phone, go shopping and so on. & I woke up at 7 and ate breakfast at 8. & Marco is kind, not only that, he's got a nice smile, on top of that he's  fun. Also, he's easy to talk to. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【洗濯】せんたくしたり、友達とチャットしたりしました。} & A. \seqsplit{昨日のよる、何をしましたか。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I did such things as doing laundry and chatting online with a friend (for example). & What did you do last night? & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 7)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{行ったり来たりする。} & B. \seqsplit{日本語を勉強して映画を見ました。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 4)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Come and go & I studied Japanese and watched a movie. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VERB CONNECTOR (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{笑ったり泣いたりする} & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
To laugh and cry & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{立ったり座ったりする} & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
Stand up and sit down & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A. \seqsplit{毎日べ今日しますか。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
Do you study everyday? & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
B. \seqsplit{いいえ、勉強したりしなかたりします。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 5)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
No, sometimes I do (study), sometimes not \seqsplit{(inconsistent} actions) & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{中国語の先生は中国人だったりそうじゃなかったりします。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{VERB CONNECTOR (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Chinese language teachers are sometimes Chinese and sometimes not. & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Is like; -ish"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun) + らしい / (Noun) らしく (Verb) }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun) + っぽい}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Verb / Adj) + っぽい (set phrases)}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}is like; -ish; is acting like"  (Acts the way it should) & \{\{bt=2\}\}is like; -ish; is acting like"  (Acts like something else) & \{\{bt=2\}\}Adj (-ful); Noun (-ish); Noun (-ble) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
らしい  is an \seqsplit{い-adjective;} hence, can be used as predicate and be put at the end of the sentence. & Something acting like something else. (Usually) acting opposite of how they should. Not always opposite / negative; can mean has a trait similar to something. & 忘れる to forget = \seqsplit{忘れっぽい} forgetful \seqsplit{(私は忘れっぽいです。} I am forgetful.) \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 13)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{みさはこどもらしい。} Misa acting like a child. (like she should be as she is one) & \seqsplit{みさはこどもっぽい。} Misa is childish. (not acting like she's supposed to be) & おこす to get angry = \seqsplit{おこりっぽい} \seqsplit{irritable/short} tempered \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"Is like; -ish" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{日本人らしくはしで食べる。} I eat with chopsticks like a Japanese person (should). & \seqsplit{おとなっぽい。} (They're) so grown up / mature. (positive) & くろ black = \seqsplit{くろっぽい} blackish \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & ほこり dust = \seqsplit{ほこりっぽい} dusty \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & あぶら oil/fat = \seqsplit{あぶらっぽい} oily / greasy \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{**} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{ADVICE V-たほうがいい}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-たほうがいい "Should; it's better to"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}-Giving advice to others (2nd person)} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Note: There is such a thing as the present form of V-る + ほうがいい which is a weaker advice, and is mostly like a suggestion.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-If you are going to give advice to the 3rd person, you have to specify the person as the topic of the sentence.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{朝ごはんを食べた方がいいです。}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{t`s is better for you to eat breakfast.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{今夜早く寝た方がいいです。}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It is better for you to sleep early tonight.} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{ADJECTIVES}}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 0)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{い-Adj + 方がいいです}}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{-As ほう is a noun, attach the い adj directly to 方がいい。} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【薔薇】ばらは赤い方がいいです。}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It is better for the roses to be red. (as opposed to another color)} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【水槽】すいそうの魚は小さい方がいいです。}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{It is better for the aquarium fish to be small. (as opposed to being big)} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VOCABS:}} \newline  \newline 【薔薇】ばら：roses \newline ひまわり：sunflowers \newline 博士】はかせ：PhD}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ability V-ることができる}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{(Lit. To do the action is doable)} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 0)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Long \seqsplit{Version：V-ることができる} / できた "I can/could do" }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}**Long \seqsplit{Version：V-ることができない} / \seqsplit{できなかった} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Short \seqsplit{Version：V-Potential} Form られる "I can/could do" }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Short \seqsplit{Version：V-Potential} Form \seqsplit{られない} "I \seqsplit{can't/couldn't} do" }} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 8)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}-When using the potential form, the direct object can take the particle を or が &  \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{(私は)日本語を話すことができます。} & \seqsplit{運動しても痩せられない。} & \seqsplit{(私は)日本語を/が話せます。} & \seqsplit{いくら頑張っても【勝つ】かてません。} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 6)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I can speak Japanese. & Even if I exercise, I can't lose weight. & I can speak Japanese. & No matter how hard I try, I can't win. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{うるさい部屋で勉強することができますか。} & \seqsplit{それはお母さんに聞けないことです。} & \seqsplit{私はいつでも旅行できる。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ability V-ることができる (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Can you study in a noisy room? & That's the thing that I can't ask Mom. & I can travel anytime. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{明日学校に来ることができますか。} & \seqsplit{もっと急げませんか。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Can you come to school tomorrow? & Can't you hurry a bit more? & \{\{ar\}\} &  \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{若い時、ビールをたくさん飲むことができますか。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
When I was young, I could drink lots of beer. & \{\{ar\}\} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 5)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【去年】きょねん日本へ行くことができなかった。} & \{\{ar\}\} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Ability V-ることができる (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I couldn't go to Japan last year. & \{\{ar\}\} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enumerate/list things}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{や\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{} など}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(A) とか (B) とか}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{やら}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\} \seqsplit{Enumerate/list} things \textasciitilde{}and so on & \{\{bt=2\}\} "Among other things" "such as" "like" & \{\{bt=2\}\} "And" conjunction for lists and items but has other meanings: \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 6)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Formal; や is only used once followed by など & Informal, Semi-formal; \seqsplit{Enumerate/list} things \textasciitilde{}and so on & \{\{border=1\}\}やら typically expresses doubt, uncertainty and even dismay and concern. \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 7)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{はこの中に手紙や写真などがあります。} There are letters, pictures and so on in the box. & \seqsplit{私はお寿司とかラーメンとか日本料理が大好きです。}  I love Japanese food, like sushi, ramen, etc. & \seqsplit{息子は毎日毎日ゲームばかりして、何をしているのやら。}  My son plays every single day, I really don't know what he's doing. \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 12)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & A. \seqsplit{山中さん、どんな運動をしていらしゃいますか。Ms} Yamanaka, what kind of exercise do you do? & \seqsplit{どこにパスポートを置いたのやら、思い出せない。}  I can't remember where I put my passport. \tn 
% Row Count 38 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enumerate/list things (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & B. \seqsplit{そうですね。ダンスとか【水泳】すいえいとか。。} Well, dancing, swimming, and so on. & \seqsplit{友達はいつも【不機嫌】ふきげんそうだ。いったい何が【不満】ふまんなのやら、分からない。} My friends always seem to be in a bad mood. I don't understand why they are \seqsplit{dissatisfied.} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 17)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & \{\{border=1\}\} やら\textasciitilde{}やら for lists \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & You often find and hear the double use of やら: It is used in the case of listing of things, objects or in which situations similar to each other are reported. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 13)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enumerate/list things (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & \seqsplit{❗️❗️Note:} The contexts in which やら\textasciitilde{}やら is used are often negative in nature, reporting unpleasant, difficult, annoying and complicated things to do or deal with. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 14)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & \seqsplit{【財布】さいふの中にカードやらレシートやらが入っている。} In the wallet there are credit cards, receipts, etc. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 11)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & \seqsplit{昨日は雨が降るやら強い風が【吹く】ふくやらで、どこへも行かなかった。} Yesterday between rain and wind, we went nowhere. \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Enumerate/list things (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & \seqsplit{あなたの部屋は本やら服やらで散らかっている。}  Your room is cluttered with books and clothes. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Difference between やら\textasciitilde{}やら and や:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 2)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}The synonyms for やら\textasciitilde{}やら in the listings are:} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{～や～など} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{～たり～たり} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{や is used only with nouns.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 0)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{どうやら - "It seems that\textasciitilde{}" "it looks like ...," "apparently"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}As adverb: apparently, evidently} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{In combination with a verb: it seems that ..., "it looks like ...," "apparently"} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 2)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{どうやら【誤解】ごかいがあったようだ。}} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 2)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Apparently there was a misunderstanding.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{どうやら明日は雨らしい。}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{It will probably rain tomorrow.} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{(Noun) \seqsplit{から/で　作ります} "Made of"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun) から (作ります)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \{\{fa-rocket\}\}{\bf{(Noun) で (作ります)}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{ "Noun is made from…"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{ "Noun is made of…"}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-When something is made from a raw material, the material is marked with から. & -When it is obvious to the eye that something is made of a particular material, the material is marked with で: \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ビールは　【麦】むぎから作られます。}  Beer is made from barley. & \seqsplit{昔、日本の家は全部木で作られました。} In the past, Japanese houses were all made of wood. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{このカバンはアバカで作られました。} This bag is made of abaca. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{〜ないで, 〜なくて, and 〜ずに}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-ないで "Without doing (A), I do (B);"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ない\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}ずに "Without doing (A), I do (B);"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{〜なくて "Because of \seqsplit{(A-reason)、so} (this happened)}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{ SPOKEN LANGUAGE}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{ WRITTEN LANGUAGE}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{ MUST HAVE A REASON}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 0)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
-Only used with verbs & -Only used with verbs & -Can use all verbs, adjectives, and nouns \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 4)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Used to indicate an action done without another action & -Same uses as ないで but this form is formal and used in writing & A is the reason, cause of B. It's only OK to use なくて when its verb expresses a reason for something. Sentence B is often with emotions. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 11)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & {\bf{Formation: }} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & い adj + くなくて \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 2)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & な adj + でなくて \seqsplit{/　じゃなくて} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 4)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{〜ないで, 〜なくて, and 〜ずに (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & Noun + がなくて \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{砂糖をいれないで} \seqsplit{コーヒーを飲みます。I} drink coffee without sugar. & \seqsplit{あきらめずにがんばろう。Don't} give up, keep trying. & \seqsplit{家族に会えなくて、寂しいです。Because} I can't see my family, I'm sad. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{傘を持たないで} \seqsplit{出かけました。I} went out without an umbrella. & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{お金がなくて、友だちに借りました。I} didn't have any money so I borrowed it from a friend. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{教科書を見ないで} \seqsplit{答えてください。Please} answer without looking at the textbook. & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{電車がこわなくて【遅刻】ちこくしました。The} train didn't come so I was late. \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 8)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{【お化け】おばけじゃなくて、安心しました。I} was relieved to find out that it wasn't a ghost. \tn 
% Row Count 35 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{〜ないで, 〜なくて, and 〜ずに (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\emph{ ❗️❗️NOTE: If the verb is a reason, either form can be used - なくて would emphasize the reason, where ないで would simply describe it.}}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{⭕️肉を食べないで野菜を食べます。} \newline ⭕️肉じゃなくて、野菜を食べます。 \newline ⭕️肉を食べずに野菜を食べます。 \newline Eat vegetables, not meat.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{場合は "In case that; In case of..."}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Formation:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Verb (casual)   + 場合は} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Noun + の} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{な-adjective + な} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{い-adjective} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{予約をキャンセルする場合はいつでも連絡してください。In} case you will cancel the reservation, just contact us anytime. & {\bf{VOCABS:}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 8)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【火事】かじが起きた場合は} \seqsplit{すぐに119に電話してください。In} case there is a fire, call 119 right away. & \seqsplit{【非常口】ひじょうぐち：emergency} exit \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 7)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ハンコが見つからない場合はどうしたらいいですか。In} case I can't find my seal, what should I do? & \seqsplit{【逃げる】にげる：to} escape; to run away \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【領収書】りょうしゅうしょがひつよう} \seqsplit{場合は店の人に言って。} In case a receipt is needed just tell the store staff. & \seqsplit{【領収書】りょうしゅうしょ：receipt} \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{場合は "In case that; In case of..." (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【熱】ねつが高い場合はこのくすりを飲んでください。} In case your fever is high, please take this medicine. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【地震】じしんの場合は【非常口】ひじょうぐちから【逃げる】にげてください。} In case of an earthquake, run away through the emergency exit. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To do something in a certain way"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{FORMATION:}} & {\bf{VOCABS:}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}い\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}-Adj く + Verb & \seqsplit{【細かい】こまかい：small} pieces \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}な\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}-Adj に & \seqsplit{【詳しい】くわしい：detailed;} full; minute \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{野菜を【細かい】こまかく切ってください。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
Please cut the vegetables into small pieces. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 3)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{見た事を【詳しい】くわしく説明してください。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
Please explain in detail what you've seen. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{もう少し静かに話しましょう。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 3)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
Please talk more quielty. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{電気や水は大切に使いましょう。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
Let's conserve electricity and water. (lit. use with care/importance) & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{NOUN にする "I will have/select/take..."}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
A. \seqsplit{部屋はシングルにしますか、ツインにしますか。} & {\bf{VOCABS: }} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Would you like a single room or a twin room? & \seqsplit{【和食】わしょく：Japanese} food \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
B. \seqsplit{シンクルにします。} & \seqsplit{【洋食】ようしょく：western} food \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{I'll have the single room.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{A. \seqsplit{ランチは何にしましょうか。}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{What shall we have for lunch?} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{B. \seqsplit{昨日【和食】わしょくを食べたから、今日【洋食】ようしょくにしましょうか。}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{We had Japanese food yesterday, so let's have western food today.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.01388 cm} p{0.54924 cm} x{2.01388 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To become..." transitive vs intransitive}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Intransitive}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Transitive}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}なる to become & \{\{bt=2\}\}➜ & \{\{bt=2\}\}する to do \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ex. \seqsplit{部屋が綺麗になりました。The} room became clean. &  & Ex. \seqsplit{部屋を綺麗にしました。I} cleaned the room. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & (Lit. I did the room to be cleaned.) \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}❗️❗️Note: Both なる and する can express change of states. The difference is that なる indicates your state alone will change like "to become" while する indicates someone will change your state like "to make it something." The target of change is expressed by the particle に.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 0)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Adj +く/になる (something turns into \seqsplit{something/different} state)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{く/にする (somebody turns something into something else/different state)}} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}-There is no doer of the action & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}-There is a doer of the action. We know who turned it to something else \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.01388 cm} p{0.54924 cm} x{2.01388 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"To become..." transitive vs intransitive (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
We use "く or に なります" when we talk about a logical or normal change. & \{\{ar\}\} & We use "く or に する" when we talk about purposely changing something. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 0)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
Ex. ADVERB: 大きい ➜ 大きくなる to become big / to grow & \{\{ar\}\} & Ex. ADVERB: 大きい ➜ 大きくする to make something bg \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{強くなりたいです} 。 I want to become strong. &  & \seqsplit{前髪が【前髪】まえが身がもう長いですから、少し短くしてください。} My bangs are already long, please make it short a little. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 10)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{日本語が上手になりましたね。} Your Japanese has gotten better. &  & \seqsplit{ちょっと待って、部屋を綺麗にします。} Wait a moment, I'll just tidy up my room. \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 6)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{今年、３０歳になります。} This year, I'll turn 30 years old. &  & \seqsplit{ご飯の【量】りょうは多すぎるから、半分にしてください。} The amount of rice is too much, please cut it in half. \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 8)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{At least (amount) / As much as (amount)}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Quantifier + は "At least (amount)"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Quantity + も "Takes as much as (amount)" {\emph{emphasis on the amount}} }} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \{\{border=1\}\}Nuance: To emphasize that the quantity is too much \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & -Can be used with a quantity even if there isn't anything in the set already. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 4)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
 & -Adds the nuance that the number/quantity is big.  Express that something is a lot \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 0)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{家を【建てる】たてるのに、４０００万円は必要です。} At least forty million yen is required to build a house. & \seqsplit{家を【建てる】たてるのに、４０００万円も必要です。} Does it take as much as forty million yen is required to build a house? \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 8)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{漢字を２０００覚えるのに、３年はかかります。} It takes at least 3 years to learn 2,000 kanji. & \seqsplit{漢字を２０００覚えるのに、３年もかかります。} Does it take as much as 3 years to learn 2,000 kanji? \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 6)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{At least (amount) / As much as (amount) (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{東京で一人で【生活】せいかつするのに、月に２０万円はいります。} It costs at least 200,000 yen a month to live alone in Tokyo. & \seqsplit{東京で一人で【生活】せいかつするのに、月に２０万円もいります。} Does it cost as much as 200,000 yen a month to live alone in Tokyo? \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{ハンバーガーを６個も食べちゃった。} I ate six hamburgers! \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{５キロも太った。}  I gained five kilos. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{３時間も待った。} I waited for three hours. \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 3)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{ゲーセンで一万円もつかちゃった。} Oops! I spent 10,000 yen in the arcade. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MAKE STATEMENT "Had him do sth for me"}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-てもらいます}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-ていただきます}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-Causative}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}-Used when someone equal did something for you. & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Used when someone higher did something for you. & \{\{bt=2\}\}-Used when the speaker tells a person from outside his own group that he will make someone from within his group something. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
-Received an action from a person of a equal status & -Received an action from a person of a higher status & -When verbs denoting emotions are used (make someone feel something). It doesn't matter what the status is as long as you make someone feel something (even if it's your mother, father, sister, etc. as long as they made you feel something). Eg. \seqsplit{安心する、心配する、がっかりする、【喜ぶ】よろこぶ、悲しむ、怒る、etc}. \tn 
% Row Count 41 (+ 27)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MAKE STATEMENT "Had him do sth for me" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{(私は)友達に説明してもらいました。} & \seqsplit{(私は)部長に説明していただきました。} & \seqsplit{駅に着いたら、お電話をください。かかり【者】もの【迎え】むかえに行かせます。} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
I had my friend explain it to me. & I had the department manager explain it to me. & When you arrive at the station, please call me. I will send someone to pick you up. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 7)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & Nuance: You do not care if the \seqsplit{かかり【者】もの} (person in charge) has a higher status or equal than you because he is outside of your group. \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 12)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & \seqsplit{子供の時、体が弱くて、母を心配させました。} \tn 
% Row Count 33 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{MAKE STATEMENT "Had him do sth for me" (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & When I was a child, I made my mother worry because of my poor health. \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 &  & \seqsplit{あなたを悲しませたくない。} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 3)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & I don't want to make you sad. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"No longer; not anymore..."}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{なくなる "No longer; not \seqsplit{anymore..."} }} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{Potential + \seqsplit{なくなった} "Could no longer... (no ability)"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{\{\{bt=2\}\}}}V-\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}たい\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}く+ \seqsplit{なくなる} "No longer want to do"** & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-ないといけな\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}い\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}く + \seqsplit{なくなる} "It becomes necessary to..."(must)}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}This grammar is so \seqsplit{frequently} used that this is a verb unto itself and not merely a \seqsplit{conjugation}. & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}Must: \seqsplit{V-ないといけない} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 11)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【暖房】だんぼうを入れたら部屋が寒くなくなる。If} you use a heater, this room will no longer be cold. & \seqsplit{彼女は足を【怪我】ケガしてしばらく歩けなくなった。
She} hurt her foot and could no longer walk for a while. & \seqsplit{彼女が行くなら} \seqsplit{僕は行けきたくなくなる。If} she goes, I no longer want to go. & \seqsplit{【入学試験】にゅうがくしけんに落ちたので} \seqsplit{もっと勉強しないといけなくなる。Because} I failed the school entrance test, it becomes necessary to study more. \tn 
% Row Count 40 (+ 19)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"No longer; not anymore..." (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{駅が近くにできてからこの街は静かなじゃなくなった。} After the station nearby was completed, this town was no longer quiet. & \seqsplit{最近仕事が忙しくて【帰宅】きたくが遅いため} \seqsplit{早く寝ることができなくなる} Because lately work is busy and I come home late, I can no longer sleep early. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 19)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{【卒業】そつぎょうしたら君はもう学生じゃなくなるよ。
When} you graduate, you'll no longer be a student. & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 13)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{"No longer; not anymore..." (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ラメんの中に髪の毛を見つけて【食欲】しょくよくがなくなった。I} found a hair in my ramen and I no longer have an appetite. & \{\{ar\}\} &  &  \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 15)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{**} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VOCABS}}  \newline  \newline 【帰宅】きたく：coming home \newline 【十分】じゅうぶん：enough}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Making Request "Please do; don't..."}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-て(ください) "(Please) do... (for me)"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VARATIONS: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{V-てください} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{V-てくれ} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{V-て} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{V-てください}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{V-てくれ}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{V-て}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
 & -Less polite version which is used by someone of a higher social stature to someone who's a subordinate. Can be used with closed friends and family members. & -Less polite version which is used by someone of a higher social stature to someone who's a subordinate. Can be used with closed friends and family members. \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 12)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 0)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{先生に聞いてください。} Please ask the teacher. & \seqsplit{本を読んでから、【返す】かえしてくれ。} After you read the book, please return in. & 帰って。 Go home. \tn 
% Row Count 30 (+ 8)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Making Request "Please do; don't..." (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{これを見てください。} Please look at this. & \seqsplit{ここで待ってくれ。} (Please) wait here. & \seqsplit{自分のランチを作って。Make} your own lunch. \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{よく勉強してください。Please} study well. & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{僕と日本語を練習して。
(Please)} practice Japanese with me. \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 6)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 0)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 0)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{ADVERB + する}}} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{これを大きくしてください。} Please make this big.} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{この机を綺麗にしてください。} Please make this table clean.} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{【指示】しじを簡単にしてください。} Please make the instructions simple.} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 2)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 0)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 0)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{V-ないでく(ださい) "(Please) don't... (for me)"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VARATIONS: }}} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{V-ないでください} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{V-ないでくれ} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 1)
% Row 25
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{V-ないで} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 1)
% Row 26
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{V-ないでください}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{V-ないでくれ }} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{V-ないで}} \tn 
% Row Count 28 (+ 3)
% Row 27
\SetRowColor{white}
 & -Less polite version which is used by someone of a higher social stature to someone who's a subordinate. Can be used with closed friends and family members. & -Less polite version which is used by someone of a higher social stature to someone who's a subordinate. Can be used with closed friends and family members. \tn 
% Row Count 40 (+ 12)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Making Request "Please do; don't..." (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 28
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & "Please" are in brackets bc the Japanese equivalent isn't really that polite and already borders on being a command. & "Please" are in brackets bc the Japanese equivalent isn't really that polite and already borders on being a command. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 29
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 30
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【鈴木】すずきさんと話さないでください。
Please} don't speak with Ms Suzuki. & \seqsplit{学校の後で、働かないでくれ。} (Please) don't work after school. & \seqsplit{本を読んでから、本棚に返さないで。} After you read the book, (please)  don't return it on the shelf. \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 9)
% Row 31
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{牛乳を飲みないでください。} Please don't drink the milk. & \seqsplit{好きじゃない車を選ばないでくれ。} (Please) don't choose the car that you don't like.  【】【】 & \seqsplit{昼ごはんの後で、【泳ぐ】およがないで。} (Please) don't swim after lunch. \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 9)
% Row 32
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{パーティーに来ないでください。
Please} don't come to the party. & \seqsplit{【問題】もんだいを【複雑】ふくざつにしないでくれ。} (Please) don't make the problem complicated. & \seqsplit{【黒板】こくばんを消さないで。} (Please) don't erase the blackboard. \tn 
% Row Count 37 (+ 10)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Making Request "Please do; don't..." (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 33
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【遅い】おそまで勉強しないでください。} Please don't study until late. & \{\{ar\}\} & \seqsplit{スケジュールを【不便】ふべんにしないで。} (Please) don't make the schedule \seqsplit{inconvenient.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{VOCABS：}} \newline  \newline 【指示】しじ：instructions \newline 【複雑】ふくざつ：complicated}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}