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% Packages
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\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
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%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
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\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{jennilee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (explanatory-particle.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jennilee)
  /Subject (の . んだ . んですか Explanatory Particle Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
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% Font and Colours
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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{の . んだ . んですか Explanatory Particle Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/43471/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 28th May, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{の . んです . んですか . んだ}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{TO EXPLAIN A SITUATION (THAT'S WHY)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{URGING SOMEONE TO EXPLAIN (TELL ME, I'M CURIOUS)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{INTRODUCE A TOPIC (BY THE WAY, THIS HAPPENED)}} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{ar\}\} & \{\{ar\}\} & When you want to talk about it; you want to make a conversation out of that topic. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}A. \seqsplit{どうしておくれた(遅れた)の/んだ？			Why} are you late? & \{\{bt=2\}\}A. \seqsplit{猫本当に可愛いな。} Cats are really cute. & \{\{bt=2\}\}When you suddenly change the topic or you want to talk about something new, it's best to use this grammar if you want to talk more about it. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 12)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
B. \seqsplit{じゅうたい【渋滞】にまきこまりた【巻き込まれた】んだ。	I} got caught in traffic. (That's why) & B. \seqsplit{なんで猫かわない【飼わない】の}? Why don't you get a cat? (Tell me, I'm curious.) & \seqsplit{そういえば、日本語のうりょく【能力】しけん【試験】にうかったんだ【試験に受かったんだ】} / \seqsplit{ごうかくしたんです【合格したんです】。} By the way / Speaking of which, I passed the JLPT Exam.  (Guess what? Ask me about it!) \tn 
% Row Count 46 (+ 22)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{の . んです . んですか . んだ (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-rocket\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Note: This is an explanatory particle because it  is used when you explain your situation or when you want explanation from someone. Usually used when you have a conversation with a specific person. Not for SNS. \newline V (plain)　＋ んです \newline Noun  + なんです}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{の . んです . んですか . んだ}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{ASSUMPTION}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{DISCOVERING}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{DOUBTING}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{SURPRISE}} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}桜ちゃんは目がはれている【晴れている】。。。泣いてたんだ。 Sakura's eyes are puffy. (I see) She was crying. & \{\{bt=2\}\}みさはピンクが好きなんだ。 (I see…) Misa likes pink. (Making an \seqsplit{assumption)} & \{\{bt=2\}\}１５さい【歳】なの？ / \seqsplit{１５さい【歳】なんですか。		(What}?!) You're 15? & \{\{bt=2\}\}友達いたんだ？					(Oh, I'm \seqsplit{surprised)} You have a friend? \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 15)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-rocket\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{の . んですか . んだ？}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{EXPRESSING SURPRISE}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{DISCOVERING}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}友達いたんだ？ & \{\{bt=2\}\}１５さい【歳】なの？ / \seqsplit{１５さい【歳】なんですか。} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
(Oh, I'm surprised) You have a friend? & (What?!) You're 15? \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-rocket\}\}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Common Mistakes: When using の (explanatory particle)  \newline  \newline ❌新しいアニメを見たの？ / 見たんですか。 \newline Did you {\emph{really}} watch it? (I'm surprised, can you explain further?)  \newline  \newline -I thought you weren't gonna watch it but you did. I'm surprised you watched it, did you really watch it? Rather than just "Did you watch it? \seqsplit{⭕️新しいアニメを見た？} / 見ましたか？}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{んですけど . んだけど}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{INTRODUCTORY REMARK (KANANG KANANG)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{INTRODUCTORY REMARK (ASK IF IT'S OK / ASK FOR DIRECTIONS)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{INTRODUCTORY REMARK \seqsplit{(REQUEST/INVITE} SOMEONE)}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{MAKING A PHONE CALL (SI KUAN DIAY NI)}} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}When you want to raise a topic & \{\{bt=2\}\}Stating where you're going and stopping before actually saying your question & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\}When \seqsplit{introducing} your name ONLY to someone who recognize you. \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 9)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{もしもし、【謝らなきゃ】あやまらなきゃいけないんだけど、今時間大丈夫？} Hello, I need to apologize to you for something, do you have time now? & \seqsplit{トイレに行きたいんですけど。。。} "I want to go to the toilet... (Can you tell me where is it?)" & \seqsplit{すいません} さっき \seqsplit{注文したビール} \seqsplit{まだ来てないんですけど。} Excuse me, we still haven't got got the beer we ordered earlier. Please bring it quickly. & A. \seqsplit{もしもし、かなめだけど。今日暇？} Hello, it's Kaname. Are you free today? \tn 
% Row Count 34 (+ 18)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} x{1.04425 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{んですけど . んだけど (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{ちょっと聞いて。} 先週 \seqsplit{東京に旅行行ってたんだけど、その時、} 財布 \seqsplit{盗まれたさー。} Hear me out. I went to Tokyo last week. That time, my wallet got stolen.  \seqsplit{【盗む】ぬすむ：to} steal & \seqsplit{8時【頃】ごろ【出発】しゅっぱつする予定なんですけど大丈夫ですか？I} plan to leave around 8 o'clock. Is that okay? & \seqsplit{チケットが２枚あるんだけど、一緒に行かない？		I} have two tickets and… do you wanna come with me? & B. \seqsplit{はい、今日は特に用事ないですけど、どうしましたか。Yeah}, I don't have anything to do in \seqsplit{particular}. What is it? \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 23)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-rocket\}\}} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{4}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Note: When requesting someone to do something or asking someone directions, Japanese normally explain where they are going and stopping before getting to the actual NEED/REQUEST as it is already obvious what you want to ask or request to avoid being too invasive and regarded as impolite.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}----}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{んですけど Introductory remark}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Verb (Plain) + んですけど . んだけど}} \newline  {\bf{Noun + なん}} \newline  \newline -Setting the stage for the second clause \newline -To ask for direction / request \newline -Stating where you're going and stopping before actually saying your question \newline -To make a phone call and introduce yourself (ONLY to someone you know)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{の . んだ . んです Explanatory particle}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Verb (Plain) + の / んだ / んですか}} \newline  {\bf{Noun + なん}} \newline  \newline -To explain a situation / urging someone to explain a situation and clarify things \newline -Surprise reaction \newline -Assumption. When you see something and you make your own conclusion \newline -Discovering (Oh, I see…)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Verb (Plain) + の / んですか}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Verb (Plain) + の / んだ / んですか}} \newline  {\bf{Noun + なん}} \newline  \newline -Discovering \newline (And asking the listener to clarify and explain it) \newline -Expressing Surprise "Really?"  \newline (And asking someone to explain further) \newline **}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}