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% Packages
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\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{jennilee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (different-meanings.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jennilee)
  /Subject (と言う different meanings Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{と言う different meanings Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/48431/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 12th September, 2026.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{と言う}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{～と言うか（というか）"or rather / I mean / how should I put it…"}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{bt=2\}\}The speaker says something, then adjusts, softens, or searches for a more accurate way to express it.} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 3)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Aというか、B} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{= A… or rather, B.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nuance: that A isn't necessarily completely wrong. The speaker feels that A doesn't express the idea perfectly, so they add B.} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 3)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{🧠 Memory image  A → 🤔 → B "I said A… hmm… actually, B is closer."} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{彼は優しいというか、ちょっとおせっかいなんだ。}} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 2)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{He's kind… or rather, he's a little meddlesome.} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{疲れたというか、もう何もしたくない。}} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 2)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{I'm tired… or rather, I don't want to do anything anymore.} \tn 
% Row Count 19 (+ 2)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Here, 疲れた is the first approximation. The speaker then explains the stronger/more precise feeling.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{A useful way to think about them is: \newline  \newline と言うか → "or rather…" → I want to correct/rephrase what I just said \newline と言うと → "speaking of / when you say…" → I'm reacting to a word/idea just mentioned \newline と言うより → "rather than…" → A is not quite right; B is more accurate \newline と言っても → "although I say…" → what I just said sounds stronger/different than the reality}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～というと vs ～というか}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{～と言うか（というか）"or rather / I mean / how should I put it…"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{～と言うと（というと）"when you say A…" / "speaking of A…" / "if you mention A…"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{～というと vs ～というか}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}The speaker says something, then adjusts, softens, or searches for a more accurate way to express it. & \{\{bt=2\}\}It takes something that has just been mentioned or brought to mind and uses it as a starting point for the next statement. & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 10)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Pattern:}} & {\bf{Pattern:}} & Compare: \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{Aというか、B} & \seqsplit{Aというと、B} & \seqsplit{東京というと、何を思い浮かべますか。} \tn 
% Row Count 26 (+ 5)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
= A… or rather, B. & =Speaking of A, B. & Speaking of Tokyo / When you hear Tokyo, what comes to mind? \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 5)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～というと vs ～というか (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
The important nuance is that {\bf{A isn't necessarily completely wrong}}. The speaker feels that A doesn't express the idea perfectly, so they add B. & \seqsplit{Aというと、どういう意味ですか。} When you say A, what do you mean? & = You're taking Tokyo as a \seqsplit{topic/trigger}. \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 12)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
例： & 例： & But: \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{彼は優しいというか、ちょっとおせっかいなんだ。He's} kind… or rather, he's a little meddlesome. & \seqsplit{日本の夏というと、暑さを思い出します。} When I think of Japanese summer, I think of the heat. & \seqsplit{東京というか、日本の大都市は人が多い。} Tokyo—or rather, big Japanese cities—are crowded. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 10)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
=Here, 疲れた is the first \seqsplit{approximation}. The speaker then explains the \seqsplit{stronger/more} precise feeling. & =The phrase 日本の夏 triggers the association. & = You're \seqsplit{correcting/rephrasing} your previous expression. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 9)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{～というと vs ～というか (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{東京というと、何を思い浮かべますか。} When you hear "Tokyo," what comes to mind? & {\bf{Easy distinction}} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 8)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{🧠 Memory image:  A → 🤔 → B}} & Important nuance: {\bf{というと often has an \seqsplit{association/trigger} feeling:}} & というと = A makes me think of B \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 6)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
"I said A… hmm… actually, B is closer." & A → 💭 B : A makes you think of B. & というか = A… actually, B \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.83774 cm} x{0.86963 cm} x{0.86963 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{というか vs というより vs といっても}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{bt=2\}\}{\bf{～と言うより（というより）"rather than A, B"}} & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\emph{*}}* & \{\{bt=2\}\}{\emph{*}}* \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\{\{bt=2\}\}This is used when A is not the best description, and B is closer to the truth. & \{\{bt=2\}\} & \{\{bt=2\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Pattern}}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Aというより、B} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{Rather than A, it's B.} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{より — the comparison particle: more than / rather than / compared with} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 2)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{例：} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\seqsplit{「優しい」と言うより、「甘い」と言ったほうが近い。Rather} than calling him "kind," it's more appropriate to call him "lenient."} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}