\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}

% Packages
\usepackage{fancyhdr}           % For header and footer
\usepackage{multicol}           % Allows multicols in tables
\usepackage{tabularx}           % Intelligent column widths
\usepackage{tabulary}           % Used in header and footer
\usepackage{hhline}             % Border under tables
\usepackage{graphicx}           % For images
\usepackage{xcolor}             % For hex colours
%\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}    % For unicode character support
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}        % Without this we get weird character replacements
\usepackage{colortbl}           % For coloured tables
\usepackage{setspace}           % For line height
\usepackage{lastpage}           % Needed for total page number
\usepackage{seqsplit}           % Splits long words.
%\usepackage{opensans}          % Can't make this work so far. Shame. Would be lovely.
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}     % For underlining links
% Most of the following are not required for the majority
% of cheat sheets but are needed for some symbol support.
\usepackage{amsmath}            % Symbols
\usepackage{MnSymbol}           % Symbols
\usepackage{wasysym}            % Symbols
%\usepackage[english,german,french,spanish,italian]{babel}              % Languages

% Document Info
\author{jennilee}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (causative-form.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jennilee)
  /Subject (Causative Form Cheat Sheet)
}

% Lengths and widths
\addtolength{\textwidth}{6cm}
\addtolength{\textheight}{-1cm}
\addtolength{\hoffset}{-3cm}
\addtolength{\voffset}{-2cm}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2cm} % Space between columns
\setlength{\headsep}{-12pt} % Reduce space between header and content
\setlength{\headheight}{85pt} % If less, LaTeX automatically increases it
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove footer line
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} % Remove header line
\renewcommand{\seqinsert}{\ifmmode\allowbreak\else\-\fi} % Hyphens in seqsplit
% This two commands together give roughly
% the right line height in the tables
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\onehalfspacing

% Commands
\newcommand{\SetRowColor}[1]{\noalign{\gdef\RowColorName{#1}}\rowcolor{\RowColorName}} % Shortcut for row colour
\newcommand{\mymulticolumn}[3]{\multicolumn{#1}{>{\columncolor{\RowColorName}}#2}{#3}} % For coloured multi-cols
\newcolumntype{x}[1]{>{\raggedright}p{#1}} % New column types for ragged-right paragraph columns
\newcommand{\tn}{\tabularnewline} % Required as custom column type in use

% Font and Colours
\definecolor{HeadBackground}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{FootBackground}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{TextColor}{HTML}{333333}
\definecolor{DarkBackground}{HTML}{6D81A3}
\definecolor{LightBackground}{HTML}{F5F7F9}
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\color{TextColor}

% Header and Footer
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead{} % Set header to blank
\fancyfoot{} % Set footer to blank
\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
    \SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
    }
\end{tabulary}
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Causative Form Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jennilee} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/202026/cs/44799/}}}
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}

\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jennilee \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jennilee} \\
  \end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 26th October, 2024.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
  \SetRowColor{FootBackground}
  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
  \SetRowColor{white}
  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
\end{tabulary}
\end{multicols}}




\begin{document}
\raggedright
\raggedcolumns

% Set font size to small. Switch to any value
% from this page to resize cheat sheet text:
% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
\footnotesize % Small font.

\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Causative form （させる）}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-check\}\}All about the speaker's having a control over somebody else's action} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-check\}\}Someone allows / causes someone to do something.} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Causer allows/causes Causee to do something "LET"} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 1)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\{\{fa-check\}\}Someone allows/causes something to change state.} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 2)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Causer allows/causes Causee (thing/object) to change state.} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 2)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 0)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Subject/Topic：は} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 1)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Subordinate clause：が} \tn 
% Row Count 11 (+ 1)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Causee：に} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 1)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 12 (+ 0)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Use of Particles:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 1)
% Row 11
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1) If the main verb is TRANSITIVE:} \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 1)
% Row 12
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(Causer) は/が (Causee) に (Direct Object) を (Verb)} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 2)
% Row 13
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{2) If the main verb is INTRANSITIVE:} \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 1)
% Row 14
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Permissive Causative: (Causee) に/を} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 1)
% Row 15
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{NO Direct Object (if the main verb is intransitive): Ex verb: come, go, sit down, run} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 2)
% Row 16
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Coersive Causative: (Causee) を} \tn 
% Row Count 21 (+ 1)
% Row 17
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-Causee does the action against their will.} \tn 
% Row Count 22 (+ 1)
% Row 18
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{Ex. \seqsplit{【課長】かちょ雨を怒らせるな。Don't} make your manager angry.} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 2)
% Row 19
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{(Since this is Coersive-Causative sentence, getting angry is a spontaneous reaction and is often beyond the control of the Causee and since we have an intransitive verb, we only use を for the Causee.)} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 5)
% Row 20
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{3) If the Causee is inanimate (Ex. object, idea): を} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 2)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{p{0.4977 cm} p{0.4977 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Causative form （させる） (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 21
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 0 (+ 0)
% Row 22
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{**} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
% Row 23
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Who can use the Causative Form:}}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
% Row 24
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{-The Causer must be higher or equal in rank socially compared to the Causee. The sentence would be ungrammatical if the Causer were socially inferior compared to the Causee.} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{❗️❗️Note: \newline  \newline ★ In passive form, the person in front of the に particle is the one that who did the action. \newline  \newline ★ In causative form, what comes after the に  particle is the person who was forced to do the action.}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.46464 cm} x{2.05965 cm} x{1.05271 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{V - Causative させる Conjugation}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{G 1 - \textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}う\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{G 2 -　\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}いる / える\textasciitilde{}\textasciitilde{}}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{G 3 }} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 3)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Change to: あ		せる & Change to: させる & する : \seqsplit{させる} \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 &  & \seqsplit{来る：こさせる} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Let/Force to do something}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{(Coercer-Gasugo) は (Doer) に (Causative Verb) "Force to do the action"}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{(somebody) \seqsplit{にさせてあげる} "I let somebody do something"}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{(somebody) \seqsplit{がさせてくれた} "(Somebody) let me do something (and I appreciate that)"}} \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 9)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-Doer does the action against their will & -If てあげる is not added in the sentence, the nuance is you are forcing somebody to do something. & -Somebody did something for me \tn 
% Row Count 17 (+ 8)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{ーてあげる} is added when the speaker is doing something nice for somebody & が particle is used to emphasize who did the nice thing for ME. \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 6)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 23 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{姉にケーキを食べられた。My} sister ate my cake (and I'm upset.) & \seqsplit{【息子】むすこにゲームをつづけさせてあげた。} & \seqsplit{お父さんがゲームをつづけさせてくれなかった} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 6)
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
VS & I let my son continue the game. & My dad didn't let me continue the game. \tn 
% Row Count 32 (+ 3)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Let/Force to do something (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{(私は)友だちにケーキを食べさせた。} I made my friend eat a cake. & \seqsplit{子どもにケーキを食べさせてあげる。} & \seqsplit{友達がひとくち飲ませてくれた。} \tn 
% Row Count 7 (+ 7)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{子供に野菜を食べさせない。} I don't force my children to eat veggies. & I let my child eat the cake. & My friend let me take a sip of her drink. \tn 
% Row Count 14 (+ 7)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{僕は君に新しい車を買わせない。} I won't let you buy a new car. & VS & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 20 (+ 6)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{white}
 & \seqsplit{子どもにケーキを食べさせた。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 4)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & I forced my child to eat the cake. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{**}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{(Somebody) \seqsplit{がさせてもらった} "I asked them and they did it for me."}} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{V-Causative + \seqsplit{V-てくれなかった} "They don't / didn't let me do something" }} & \{\{border=1\}\}{\bf{させてもらってもいいですか。 / \seqsplit{させてもらいませんか} "Could you let me do something?"}} \tn 
% Row Count 10 (+ 10)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
-You are asking the listener to do a favor for you & \seqsplit{⭕️てくれなかった} is used and not \seqsplit{❌てもらう} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 5)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & -If you're gonna use the negation, do not use てもらう as it kinda sound like (because you didn't ask) & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 9)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{} \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 0)
% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\seqsplit{【両親】りょうしんに一人で日本に行かせてもらった。} & ⭕️ \seqsplit{友達の家に止まらせてもらった。} & \seqsplit{使わせてもらいませんか。OR} \seqsplit{使わせてもらってもいいですか。} \tn 
% Row Count 31 (+ 7)
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\vfill
\columnbreak
\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{1.55618 cm} x{1.51041 cm} x{1.51041 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{3}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{** (cont)}}  \tn
% Row 5
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
My parents let me go to Japan on my own. & My friend didn't let me stay. & Could you let me use it? \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 4)
% Row 6
\SetRowColor{white}
\seqsplit{友達の家に止まらせてもらった。} & VS & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 8 (+ 4)
% Row 7
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
My friend let me stay at her house (because I asked her). & ❌ \seqsplit{友達の家に止まらせててもらわなかった。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 5)
% Row 8
\SetRowColor{white}
 & My friend didn't let me stay at her house (as I didn't ask). & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 5)
% Row 9
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
 & \seqsplit{【両親】りょうしんが食べながらテレビを見させてくれない。} & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 25 (+ 7)
% Row 10
\SetRowColor{white}
 & My parents don't let me watch TV while I eat. & \{\{ar\}\} \tn 
% Row Count 29 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}---}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}