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% Document Info
\author{jaotalvaro}
\pdfinfo{
  /Title (arquitectura-y-servidores-web.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jaotalvaro)
  /Subject (Arquitectura y servidores Web Cheat Sheet)
}

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% Header and Footer
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\fancyhead[L]{
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{C}
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    \vspace{-7pt}
    {\parbox{\dimexpr\textwidth-2\fboxsep\relax}{\noindent
        \hspace*{-6pt}\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{/web/www.cheatography.com/public/images/cheatography_logo.pdf}}
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\begin{tabulary}{11cm}{L}
    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{Arquitectura y servidores Web Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jaotalvaro} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/193812/cs/40620/}}}
\end{tabulary}
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\fancyfoot[L]{ \footnotesize
\noindent
\begin{multicols}{3}
\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{LL}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jaotalvaro \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jaotalvaro} \\
  \end{tabulary}
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\begin{tabulary}{5.8cm}{L}
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Published 6th October, 2023.\\
   Updated 6th October, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
\end{tabulary}
\vfill
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Sponsor}}  \\
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  \vspace{-5pt}
  %\includegraphics[width=48px,height=48px]{dave.jpeg}
  Measure your website readability!\\
  www.readability-score.com
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\begin{document}
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% www.emerson.emory.edu/services/latex/latex_169.html
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\begin{multicols*}{3}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Arquitecturas Web}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Modelo Cliente-Servidor}} & Aplicaciones web pequeñas, clientes realizan petición, servidor devuelve resultado \tn 
% Row Count 5 (+ 5)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
{\bf{Modelo Cliente-Servidor con servidores encadenados}} & Tareas más complejas, distribuir subtareas en varios servidores \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 4)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Modelo Peer-to-Peer (P2P)}} & Todas las computadoras actúan simultáneamente como clientes y servidores \tn 
% Row Count 13 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Servidores Web y de Aplicaciones}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Servidores Web}} & {\bf{Servidores de Aplicaciones}} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
Servidor que permite el acceso a recursos a través del protocolo HTTP, permiten consultar, cargar y eliminar recursos del servidor. & Servidor que ofrece a los clientes un servicio de ejecución de aplicaciones, es un software que controla la ejecución de programas. \tn 
% Row Count 9 (+ 7)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ejemplos: Apache o Nginx (Linux), Microsoft Internet Information Server (Windows)}} & {\emph{Ejemplos: GlassFish (servidor Java EE, Oracle), Tomcat o Microsoft Internet Information Server (servidor .NET)}} \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 6)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Servidores de Archivos y Directorios}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Servidores de Archivos}} & {\bf{Servidores de Directorios}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
Se utilizan principalmente para implementar las aplicaciones en el servidor donde se ejecutarán & Permite gestionar información administrativa sobre el entorno de una aplicación web, facilitan la gestión de información relacionada con la explotación de aplicaciones web. \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\emph{Ejemplos: ProFTPD o vsftpd (Linux), Microsoft Internet Information Server (Windows).}} & {\emph{Ejemplos:  OpenLDAP (Linux), Active Directory (Windows).}} \tn 
% Row Count 16 (+ 5)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.33919 cm} x{2.63781 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Plataformas Web libres y propietarias}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Plataformas Web Libres}} & {\bf{Plataformas Web Propietarias}} \tn 
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{\bf{LAMP:}} Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP & {\bf{WISA:}} Windows, \seqsplit{InternetInformationServices} (IIS), SQL Server, ASP \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\emph{Otras plataformas:}} \newline {\bf{WAMP}} \seqsplit{(Windows-Apache-MySQL-PHP)} \newline {\bf{WIMP}} (Windows-IIS-MySQL-PHP) \newline {\bf{LNMP}} (Linux + Nginx + MySQL o MariaDB + PHP) \newline {\bf{WNMP}} (Windows + Nginx + MySQL o MariaDB + PHP)}  \tn 
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{x{2.4885 cm} x{2.4885 cm} }
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Protocolos HTTP y HTTPS}}  \tn
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\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
{\bf{Protocolo HTTP}} & {\bf{Protocolo HTTPS}} \tn 
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\SetRowColor{white}
El protocolo de transferencia de hipertexto (HTTP, Hypertext Transfer Protocol) es el motor que da vida a Internet, ya que es la base para la web & Protocolo de aplicación basado en el protocolo HTTP, destinado a la transferencia segura de datos de hipertexto, es la versión segura de HTTP. \tn 
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{\bf{Funcionamiento:}} & {\bf{Funcionamiento}} \tn 
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1. Un usuario accede a una URL & 1. Cliente envía petición de sesión segura \tn 
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2. El cliente Web descodifica la URL & 2. Servidor envía certificado X.509 \tn 
% Row Count 15 (+ 2)
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3. Se abre una conexión TCP/IP con el servidor & 3. Cliente autentica certificado \tn 
% Row Count 18 (+ 3)
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4. El servidor devuelve la respuesta al cliente & 4. Cliente genera clave simétrica aleatoria \tn 
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5. Se cierra la conexión TCP & 5. Cliente y servidor conocen y utilizan clave asimétrica. \tn 
% Row Count 24 (+ 3)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}--}
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\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Instalación y configuración de Nginx}}  \tn
% Row 0
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Actualizar repositorios: `sudo apt update`} \tn 
% Row Count 1 (+ 1)
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\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Actualizar sistema: `sudo apt upgrade`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Instalar Nginx: `sudo apt install nginx`} \tn 
% Row Count 3 (+ 1)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Comprobar instalación: `systemctl status nginx`} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ruta registros correctos del servidor: \seqsplit{`/var/log/nginx/access.log`}} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Ruta registros erróneos del servidor: \seqsplit{`/var/log/nginx/error.log`}} \tn 
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% Row 6
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reiniciar servidor: `sudo systemctl restart nginx`} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Crear sitio web en Nginx}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Crear carpeta para el sitio: `sudo mkdir -p /var/www/nombre/html`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Carpeta sea de usuario web: `sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/nombre/html`} \tn 
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% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Conceder permisos para evitar error: `sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/nombre/html`} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
% Row 3
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Editar archivo de configuración: `sudo nano \seqsplit{/etc/nginx/sites-available/nombre`}} \tn 
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% Row 4
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Crear archivo simbólico para alta automática: `sudo ln -s \seqsplit{/etc/nginx/sites-available/nombre} \seqsplit{/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/`}} \tn 
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% Row 5
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Reiniciar servidor: `sudo systemctl restart nginx`} \tn 
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\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Autenticación en Nginx}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Instalar herramienta htpasswd para generar contraseña: `sudo apt install apache2-utils`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Generar usuario y contraseña: `sudo htpasswd /etc/nginx/.htpasswd usuario`} \tn 
% Row Count 4 (+ 2)
% Row 2
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Editar configuración nginx: `sudo nano \seqsplit{/etc/nginx/sites-available/nombre`}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 2)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}

\begin{tabularx}{5.377cm}{X}
\SetRowColor{DarkBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Activación HTTPS en Nginx}}  \tn
% Row 0
\SetRowColor{LightBackground}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Crear carpeta para los certificados: `sudo mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl`} \tn 
% Row Count 2 (+ 2)
% Row 1
\SetRowColor{white}
\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Crear certificados y claves: `sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout \seqsplit{/etc/nginx/ssl/server.key} -out \seqsplit{/etc/nginx/ssl/server.crt`}} \tn 
% Row Count 6 (+ 4)
\hhline{>{\arrayrulecolor{DarkBackground}}-}
\end{tabularx}
\par\addvspace{1.3em}


% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

\end{document}