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% Document Info
\author{jamietamn}
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  /Title (phar-3405-exam-7-study-guide-cheat-sheet.pdf)
  /Creator (Cheatography)
  /Author (jamietamn)
  /Subject (PHAR 3405 Exam 7 Study Guide Cheat Sheet)
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    \vspace{-2pt}\large{\bf{\textcolor{DarkBackground}{\textrm{PHAR 3405 Exam 7 Study Guide Cheat Sheet}}}} \\
    \normalsize{by \textcolor{DarkBackground}{jamietamn} via \textcolor{DarkBackground}{\uline{cheatography.com/177390/cs/41149/}}}
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  \mymulticolumn{2}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheatographer}}  \\
  \vspace{-2pt}jamietamn \\
  \uline{cheatography.com/jamietamn} \\
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  \mymulticolumn{1}{p{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{Cheat Sheet}}  \\
   \vspace{-2pt}Not Yet Published.\\
   Updated 13th November, 2023.\\
   Page {\thepage} of \pageref{LastPage}.
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  Measure your website readability!\\
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{\bf\textcolor{white}{S44: Muscle Relaxants}}  \tn
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Components of Balanced Anesthesia}}} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{• Antiemetics: prevent post-op N/V \{\{nl\}\} • Anticholinergics: prevent secretion of fluids \{\{nl\}\} • Short-acting barbiturates: rapidly induce anesthesia \{\{nl\}\} • BZDs: relieve anxiety \{\{nl\}\} • Opioids: relieve pain \{\{nl\}\} • Inhalants, barbiturates, BZDs, etc: maintain anesthesia \{\{nl\}\} • Muscle relaxants: relax muscles} \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{{\bf{Types of Muscle Relaxants}}} \tn 
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Neuromuscular blockers \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Depolarizing}} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Nondepolarizing}} \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} Neuromuscular blockers produce muscle paralysis required for surgery. & Spasmolytics \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Antispastic drugs}} \{\{nl\}\} {\emph{Motor nerve blockers}} \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} Spasmolytics treat muscle hyperactivity. \tn 
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\mymulticolumn{2}{x{5.377cm}}{1. Arrival of the action potential to the synapse causes an influx of Ca\textasciicircum{}2+\textasciicircum{} and the release of ACh. \{\{nl\}\} 2. ACh binds to the nicotinic receptors located on the motor end plate. \{\{nl\}\} 3. Binding of ACh to the nicotinic receptors causes the channel to open. Subsequent movement of Na\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} and K\textasciicircum{}+\textasciicircum{} is associated with depolarization at the end plate membrane. \{\{nl\}\} 4. Next, the adjacent muscle membrane is depolarized and action potential is propagated along the muscle fiber. \{\{nl\}\} 5. Muscle contraction is initiated by excitation-contraction coupling.} \tn 
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{\bf{Mechanism of action:}} \{\{nl\}\} Depolarizing agents: occupy and activate the nicotinic receptor for a prolonged time, leading to blockade (receptor desensitization) & \{\{nl\}\} Nondepolarizing agents: competitive antagonism of ACh at nicotinic receptors; action can be reversed by inhibiting AChE and increasing {[}ACh{]} \tn 
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{\bf{Clinical uses:}} \{\{nl\}\} • Surgical relaxation \{\{nl\}\} • Tracheal intubation & \{\{nl\}\} • Ventilation control \{\{nl\}\} • Treatment of convulsions \tn 
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{\bf{Drugs:}} \{\{nl\}\} • Suxamethonium chloride (succinylcholine) & \{\{nl\}\} • Tubocurarine \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} Tubocurarine-type \{\{nl\}\} • Atracurium (30-60 min duration) \{\{nl\}\} \{\{nl\}\} Steroid-type \{\{nl\}\} • Rocuronium (20-60 min) \{\{nl\}\} • Vecuronium \{\{nl\}\} • Pipecuronium \{\{nl\}\} • Pancuronium (120-180 min) \tn 
% Row Count 27 (+ 13)
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\mymulticolumn{1}{x{5.377cm}}{Nondepolarizing blockers bind at an allosteric site on the closed receptor. Depolarizing blockers bind to the open receptor and block the channel.}  \tn 
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% That's all folks
\end{multicols*}

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